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Mīr-Khvānd
Muhammad ibn Khvandshah ibn Mahmud, more commonly known as Mirkhvand (, also transliterated as Mirkhwand; 1433/34 – 1498), was a Persian historian active during the reign of the Timurid ruler Sultan Husayn Bayqara (). He is principally known for his universal history, the ("The garden of purity"), which he wrote under the patronage of the high-ranking functionary Ali-Shir Nava'i (died 1501). According to the German orientalist Bertold Spuler, the is the greatest universal history in Persian regarding the Islamic world. Life Born in in the city of Bukhara in Timurid-ruled Transoxiana, Mirkhvand belonged to a family of , descendants of the Islamic prophet Muhammad. He was the son of Burhan al-Din Khvandshah (died 1466/7), who was a disciple of the Sufi shaykh Baha al-Din Umar Jaghara'i (died 1453) in the city of Herat, where Mirkhvand's family had distinguished themselves. Mirkhvand's brother was the (head of religious fundings) of the Timurid crown prince Badi' al-Zaman M ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Rawżat Aṣ-ṣafāʾ
''Rawżat aṣ-ṣafāʾ fī sīrat al-anbiyāʾ w-al-mulūk w-al-khulafāʾ'' (, ‘The Gardens of purity in the biography of the prophets and kings and caliphs’) or ''Rawdatu 's-safa'' is a Persian-language history of the origins of Islam, early Islamic civilisation, and Persian history by Mirkhvand.Imamate The text was originally completed in seven volumes in 1497 AD; the eighth volume is a geographical index. The work is very scholarly: Mirkhvand used nineteen major Arabic histories and twenty-two major Persian ones as well as others which he occasionally quotes.Elliot, ''History'', 129 His work was the basis for many subsequent histories, including the works of |
Rüstem Pasha
Rüstem Pasha (; ; 1505 – 10 July 1561) was an Ottoman statesman who served as Grand Vizier to Sultan Süleyman the Magnificent. Rüstem Pasha is also known as Damat Rüstem Pasha (the epithet ''damat'' meaning 'son-in-law') as a result of his marriage to the sultan's daughter, Mihrimah Sultan, in 1539. He is regarded as one of the most influential and successful grand viziers of the Ottoman Empire. Rustem Pasha was taken as a child to Constantinople (modern-day Istanbul), where he built a military and bureaucratic career under the protection of Hürrem Sultan, Süleyman's favorite and legal wife and Mihrimah's mother. His brother Sinan Pasha was an Ottoman grand admiral. Early life Rustem is referred to as a Bosnian by Tayib Osman-zade Ahmed, author of ''Hadikatul vuzara'' and the Turkish encyclopedia ''Kamus-ul-alam''. He is also referred to as a Bosnian by the Turkish historiographer Mustafa Âlî. However, other sources suggest different Croatian, Bosnian or Serbian ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Grand Vizier
Grand vizier (; ; ) was the title of the effective head of government of many sovereign states in the Islamic world. It was first held by officials in the later Abbasid Caliphate. It was then held in the Ottoman Empire, the Mughal Empire, the Sokoto Caliphate, the Safavid dynasty, Safavid Empire and Morocco, Cherifian Empire of Morocco. In the Ottoman Empire, the grand vizier held the imperial seal and could convene all other viziers to attend to affairs of the state; the viziers in conference were called "''Kubbealtı'' viziers" in reference to their meeting place, the ''Kubbealtı'' ('under the dome') in Topkapı Palace. His offices were located at the Sublime Porte. Today, the Prime Minister of Pakistan is referred to in Urdu as ''Wazir-e-azam'', which translates literally to grand vizier. Initially, the grand viziers were exclusively of Turk origin in the Ottoman Empire. However, after there were troubles between the Turkish grand vizier Çandarlı Halil Pasha the Younger and S ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ottoman Empire
The Ottoman Empire (), also called the Turkish Empire, was an empire, imperial realm that controlled much of Southeast Europe, West Asia, and North Africa from the 14th to early 20th centuries; it also controlled parts of southeastern Central Europe, between the early 16th and early 18th centuries. The empire emerged from a Anatolian beyliks, ''beylik'', or principality, founded in northwestern Anatolia in by the Turkoman (ethnonym), Turkoman tribal leader Osman I. His successors Ottoman wars in Europe, conquered much of Anatolia and expanded into the Balkans by the mid-14th century, transforming their petty kingdom into a transcontinental empire. The Ottomans ended the Byzantine Empire with the Fall of Constantinople, conquest of Constantinople in 1453 by Mehmed II. With its capital at History of Istanbul#Ottoman Empire, Constantinople (modern-day Istanbul) and control over a significant portion of the Mediterranean Basin, the Ottoman Empire was at the centre of interacti ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sharafnama
The ''Sharafnama'' (Kurdish: شەرەفنامە ''Şerefname''; Persian: شرفنامه ''Sharafnâmeh''; ) is a book written in 1597 by the medieval Kurdish historian and poet Sharaf al-Din Bitlisi (1543–1599) in Persian. ''Sharafnama'' is regarded as an important, and the oldest, source on Kurdish history. It deals with the different Kurdish dynasties, such as the Ayyubid Dynasty of Saladin, ancient and Medieval Kurdish principalities in the Middle East and the Caucasus, as well as mentioning the pre-Islamic ancestors of the Kurds. History Although the ''Sharafnama'' is a work of Kurdish history, it was written in Persian. Given the context of Sharaf Khan's time, this choice was, in a sense, inevitable. After his father, Shams al-Din Khan, sought refuge at the court of Safavid Shah Tahmasp I (1524-1576), it is not surprising that Sharaf Khan, who received a high-quality education alongside the princes in Shah Tahmasp’s palace in Qazvin and mastered Persian like a native ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sharaf Khan Bidlisi
Sharaf al-Din Khan b. Shams al-Din b. Sharaf Beg Bedlisi (, ; ; 25 February 1543 – ) was a Kurdish Emir of Bitlis. He was also a historian, writer and poet. He wrote exclusively in Persian. Born in the Qara Rud village, in central Iran, between Arak and Qom, at a young age he was sent to the Safavids' court and obtained his education there. He is the author of the '' Sharafnama'', one of the most important works on medieval Kurdish history, written in 1597. He created a good picture of Kurdish life and Kurdish dynasties in the 16th century in his works. Outside Iran and Kurdish-speaking countries, Sharaf Khan Bidlisi has influenced Kurdish literature and societies through the translation of his works by other scholars. He was also a gifted artist and a well-educated man, excelling as much in mathematics and military strategy as he did in history. Early life Sharaf Khan Bidlisi was born on 25 February 1543, in the Markazi province of Iran in the Garmrood village, during ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tarikh-i Bayhaq
''Tarikh-i Bayhaq'' () is a book on the history of Bayhaq, written in the Persian language in the 12th century, by Abu'l-Hasan Bayhaqi. Contents The ''Tarikh-i Bayhaq'' contains invaluable information about the Eastern parts of Iran during Ghaznavid and Seljuk eras. Its most important aspect is that it is based on earlier sources which are no longer available. Bayhaqi stated the ''Tarik-i Bayhaq'' was written using an earlier history of Bayhaq and the ''Târîkh `Ulamâ' Ahl Naysabûr'' by Al-Hakim Nishapuri. Bayhaq makes note of Abul-Fazl Bayhaqi's work, ''Tarikh-i Bayhaqi'', stating it consisted of 30 volumes and that he had seen partial sets in Sarakhs and Nishapur, but never complete sets. Ahmad ibn Mohammad Khwafi states the ''Tarikh-i Bayhaq'' was completed in c.1150/544 AH during the reign of Sultan Sanjar of Seljuk Empire, but according to Bayhaqi, the book was completed in c.1168/563 in Sheshtomad. Yaqut al-Hamawi and Fasih Khafi mentioned this book in their works ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ibn Funduq
Zahir al-Din Abu'l-Hasan Ali ibn Zayd-i Bayhaqi (; c. 1097 – 1169) also known as Ibn Fondoq (ابن فندق) was a polymath and historian. He is the author of ''Tarikh-i Bayhaq''. Ancestry Bayhaqi was a descendant of Khuzaima ibn Thabit (died 657), a companion of Muhammad. Most of his forefathers were either judges or Imams. Biography Bayhaqi was born in Sabzevar, in northeastern Iran, the main city of the Bayhaq district, where his father’s estates were located. In 1114, Bahyaqi along with his father visited Omar Khayyam, the famous Persian mathematician and astronomer, in Nishapur and while there Bayhaqi began his education in literature and science. He moved to Marv to complete his studies in Islamic jurisprudence by 1123. He returned to Nishapur in c.1127 where according to Yaqut al-Hamawi, his studies were "interrupted by marriage". Bayhaqi became the qadi of Bayhaq through the efforts of his father-in-law, Shehab-al-Din Moḥammad b. Mas'ud, along with patronage fro ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Yazdagird III Flees To The Mill In Merv (CBL Per 254
Yazdegerd, Yazdgerd, Yazdigird, or Yazdagird (Inscriptional or ''Yazdgird'', ''Yazdkirt''; ''Yazdgerd''; ''Yazdijird'') may refer to: *Yazdegerd I (r. 399–420), Sasanian King of Persia *Yazdegerd II (r. 438–457), Sasanian King, son of Bahram V *Yazdegerd III (r. 632–651), last king of the Sasanian Empire *Yazdagird (Bavandid ruler) (r. 1271–1300), ruler in Mazandaran *Yazdgerd, Lorestan, a village in Lorestan Province, Iran See also * Yazata, also sometimes spelled Yazad {{Disambig, hndis ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Khwaja Abdullah Ansari
Abu Ismaïl Abdullah al-Harawi al-Ansari or Abdullah Ansari of Herat (1006–1089) () also known as ''Pir-i Herat'' () "Sage of Herat", was a Sufi saint, who lived in Herat (modern-day Afghanistan). Ansari was a commentator on the Qur'an, scholar of the Hanbali school of thought (madhhab), traditionalist, polemicist and spiritual master, known for his oratory and poetic talents in Arabic and Persian. Life Ansari was born in the Kohandez, the old citadel of Herat, in 1006. His father, Abu Mansur Muhammad, was a shopkeeper who had spent several years of his youth at Balkh.S. de Laugier de Beaureceuil, "Abdullah Ansari" in Encylcoapedia Iranic/ref> Ansari was a direct descendant of Abu Ayyub al-Ansari, a companion of the Islamic prophet Muhammad, being the eleventh in line from him. The lineage is described, and traced in the family history records, as follows; Za’im-i-Bani Najjar Pir-i-Herat Al Imam Al-Zahid Shaykh Al-Islam wa Al-Khorasan Al-Kubra Al-Muhaddith Al- Kabir M ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hanbali
The Hanbali school or Hanbalism is one of the four major schools of Islamic jurisprudence, belonging to the Ahl al-Hadith tradition within Sunni Islam. It is named after and based on the teachings of the 9th-century scholar, jurist and traditionist, Ahmad ibn Hanbal (), and later institutionalized by his students. One who ascribes to the Hanbali school is called a Hanbali (, or ). It adheres to the Athari school of theology and is the smallest out of the four major Sunni schools, the others being the Hanafi, Maliki and Shafi'i schools.Ziauddin Sardar (2014), Mecca: The Sacred City, Bloomsbury, , p. 100 Like the other Sunni schools, it primarily derives sharia from the Quran, hadith and views of Muhammad's companions. In cases where there is no clear answer in the sacred texts of Islam, the Hanbali school does not accept istihsan, juristic discretion or urf, customs of a community as sound bases to derive Islamic law on their own—methods that the Hanafi and Maliki schools ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
