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Mümtaz Soysal
Osman Mümtaz Soysal (15 September 1929 – 11 November 2019) was a Turkish professor of constitutional law, political scientist, politician, human rights activist, ex-prisoner of conscience, senior advisor, columnist, and author. Soysal served as the 30th Minister of Foreign Affairs in 1994. He was a Member of Parliament at Constituent Assembly in 1961 and Grand National Assembly from 1991 to 1999. He actively contributed to the constitutions of Turkey (1961) and the DR Congo (2006). He was constitutional advisor of the President of Northern Cyprus Rauf Denktaş. He was elected to Amnesty International International Executive Committee in September 1974 as the first Turkish and the first ex-prisoner of conscience member ever. He served as the vice-chairman of Amnesty International from 1976 to 1978. He became the first winner of the UNESCO Prize for Human Rights Education in 1978. As a hard-line Kemalist statist, Mümtaz Soysal persistently worked against privatisa ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Yön
''Yön'' () was a weekly Turkish political magazine published between 1961 and 1967. It was a Kemalist and leftist magazine. In fact, ''Yön'' was more than a publication in that its contributors represented a political movement in the 1960s, Yön movement, which was a successor of the leftist-Kemalist movement in the 1930s known as Kadro movement. The latter also gathered around a publication, '' Kadro''. History and profile ''Yön'' started publication in Ankara on 20 December 1961. The founders included Doğan Avcıoğlu, Mümtaz Soysal and Cemal Reşit Eyüpoğlu. The owner of the magazine was Cemal Reşit Eyüpoğlu, and Avcıoğlu edited ''Yön''. The first issue of the magazine contained a declaration of 500 Turkish intellectuals about a formal doctrine of socialism. Therefore, the establishment of the magazine was the first serious attempt to publicize socialist views in Turkish society. ''Yön'' was an organ of Doğan Avcıoğlu's movement, namely direction-revolution ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Constitution Of The Democratic Republic Of The Congo
The Constitution of the Democratic Republic of the Congo () is the basic law governing the Democratic Republic of the Congo. The Constitution has been changed and/or replaced several times since its independence in 1960. Current Constitution The Democratic Republic of the Congo is now under the regime of the constitution which was approved in a referendum by the Congolese people, and promulgated on February 18, 2006 by President Joseph Kabila. It is the Democratic Republic of the Congo's sixth constitution since 1960. General provisions New political subdivisions were brought by this constitution. The country is divided in 25 provinces, and the capital-city of Kinshasa – to take full-effect 36 months after the official installation of the newly elected President, which occurred on December 6, 2006. The motto of the country is : "Justice, Peace, Work". Political pluralism Creating and belonging to a political party is a civil and political right for all Congolese people. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Turkish Constitution Of 1961
The Constitution of 1961, officially titled the Constitution of the Republic of Turkey (), was the fundamental law of Turkey from 1961 to 1982. It was introduced following the 1960 ''coup d'état'', replacing the earlier Constitution of 1924. It was approved in a referendum held on 9 July 1961, with 61.7% of the nation voting in favor. It remained in force until the 1980 ''coup d'état'', following which it was replaced by a new document, the Constitution of 1982, which remains in force today. General principles I. Form of the state Article 1 - The Turkish State is a republic. II. Characteristics of the Republic Article 2 - The Turkish Republic is a nationalistic, democratic, secular and social state, governed by the rule of law, based on human rights and fundamental tenets set forth in the preamble. III. Indivisibility of the State, its official language and its seat of government Article 3 - The Turkish State is an indivisible whole comprising its territory and people. I ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Grand National Assembly Of Turkey
The Grand National Assembly of Turkey ( ), usually referred to simply as the GNAT or TBMM, also referred to as , in Turkish, is the Unicameralism, unicameral Turkey, Turkish legislature. It is the sole body given the legislative prerogatives by the Constitution of Turkey, Turkish Constitution. It was founded in Ankara on 23 April 1920 amid the Turkish War of Independence, National Campaign. This constitution had founded its pre-government known as 1st cabinet of the Executive Ministers of Turkey, 1st Executive Ministers of Turkey (Commitment Deputy Committee) in May 1920. The parliament was fundamental in the efforts of ''Mareşal (Turkey), Mareşal'' Mustafa Kemal Atatürk, 1st President of the Republic of Turkey, and his colleagues to found a new government out of the remnants of the Ottoman Empire. Composition There are 600 members of parliament (deputies) who are elected for a five-year term by the D'Hondt method, a party-list proportional representation system, from 87 el ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Prisoner Of Conscience
A prisoner of conscience (POC) is anyone imprisoned because of their race, sexual orientation, religion, or political views. The term also refers to those who have been imprisoned or persecuted for the nonviolent expression of their conscientiously held beliefs. Most often associated with the human rights organisation Amnesty International, the term was coined by that organisation's founder Peter Benenson in a 28 May 1961 article (" The Forgotten Prisoners") for London newspaper ''The Observer''. Definition The article " The Forgotten Prisoners" by English lawyer Peter Benenson, published in ''The Observer'' on 28 May 1961, launched the campaign "Appeal for Amnesty 1961" and first defined a "prisoner of conscience". The primary goal of this year-long campaign, founded by Benenson and a small group of writers, academics and lawyers, including Quaker peace activist Eric Baker, was to identify individual prisoners of conscience around the world and then campaign for their ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Human Rights Activists
A human rights defender or human rights activist is a person who, individually or with others, acts to promote or protect human rights. They can be journalists, environmentalists, whistleblowers, trade unionists, lawyers, teachers, housing campaigners, participants in direct action, or just individuals acting alone. They can defend rights as part of their jobs or in a voluntary capacity. As a result of their activities, human rights defenders (HRDs) are often subjected to reprisals including smears, surveillance, harassment, false charges, arbitrary detention, restrictions on the right to freedom of association, physical attack, and even murder. In 2020, at least 331 HRDs were murdered in 25 countries. The international community and some national governments have attempted to respond to this violence through various protections, but violence against HRDs continues to rise. Women human rights defenders and environmental human rights defenders (who are very often indigenous) face gr ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Turkish People
Turks (), or Turkish people, are the largest Turkic peoples, Turkic ethnic group, comprising the majority of the population of Turkey and Northern Cyprus. They generally speak the various Turkish dialects. In addition, centuries-old Turkish communities in the former Ottoman Empire, ethnic Turkish communities still exist across other former territories of the Ottoman Empire. Article 66 of the Constitution of Turkey defines a ''Turk'' as anyone who is a citizen of the Turkish state. While the legal use of the term ''Turkish'' as it pertains to a citizen of Turkey is different from the term's ethnic definition, the majority of the Turkish population (an estimated 70 to 75 percent) are of Turkish ethnicity. The vast majority of Turks are Sunni Islam, Sunni Muslims, with a notable minority practicing Alevism. The ethnic Turks can therefore be distinguished by a number of cultural and regional variants, but do not function as separate ethnic groups. In particular, the culture of the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
UNESCO Prize For Human Rights Education
The UNESCO/Bilbao Prize for the Promotion of a Culture of Human Rights, created in 1978 as the UNESCO Prize for Human Rights Education to mark the 30th anniversary of the adoption of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, serves to honour the efforts of organizations or individuals that have made an exemplary contribution to the advancement of knowledge on human rights and building a universal culture of human rights. It was renamed on 5 May 2008 under the terms of a memorandum of understanding with Mayor of Bilbao Iñaki Azkuna whereby the municipality of Bilbao agreed to fund the prize for a period of three years. The prize winner and the other candidates selected for honourable mention are chosen by the UNESCO Director General from a short-list chosen by an international jury composed of six public figures representing the different regions of the world. Now awarded every second year, the prize is worth US$25,000 and is accompanied by a trophy created by Japanese artist ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ankara University, Law School
The Ankara University, Law School ( formerly known ''Ankara Adliye Hukuk Mektebi'' or ''AUHF'') is the faculty of law at Ankara University in Turkey. History Ankara University, Law School was established as part of Turkey's legal reforms, spearheaded by Mahmut Esat Bozkurt. The school was inaugurated by Mustafa Kemal Atatürk, the founder of the Turkish Republic, on November 5, 1925. It was the first university-level higher education institution of the newly founded Republic, and its first cohort of students graduated in 1928. During the opening ceremony, Atatürk expressed his profound sentiment, stating, ''"For no other institution do I feel such felicity as I feel for this institution, which will be the warranty of the Republic, and I am glad to reveal and open it."'' Notable alumni * Ahmet Necdet Sezer – Former President of Turkey * Adnan Menderes – Former Prime Minister of Turkey * Bülent Arınç – Former speaker of the Turkish parliament (2002-2007) * Kemal ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mekteb-i Mülkiye
The Faculty of Political Science of the University of Ankara (, more simply known as "''SBF''") is the oldest institution of administrative sciences in Turkey. It is the successor of the "Mekteb-i Mülkiye" ('), also known simply as "Mülkiye," which was originally established in Istanbul on February 12, 1859, during the reign of Sultan Abdülmecid I. In 1936, the institution was relocated to Ankara and later incorporated into Ankara University on April 3, 1950, under its current name. The faculty offers higher education in Social Science, Public Finance, Economics, Public Administration, Labor Economics, Business Administration, and International Relations. It is regarded as one of the most influential academic institutions in shaping Turkey's political and administrative landscape. History The Faculty of Political Science at Ankara University was originally established in Istanbul in 1859 as an autonomous college by Sultan Abdülaziz. Initially named Mekteb-i Mülkiye-i Şahane ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
