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Mykolas Kęsgaila (died 1476)
Mykolas Kęsgaila (; died 1476) was an influential Lithuanian nobleman from the Kęsgailos family. Together with his brother Jonas Kęsgaila, Mykolas dominated the politics of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania for three decades. Mykolas Kęsgaila was Chancellor of Lithuania (1444–1476), regent of Smolensk (1450–1458) and Voivode of Vilnius The Voivode of Vilnius (, ) was a high-ranking Voivode#Commonwealth of Poland–Lithuania, officer in the Grand Duchy of Lithuania who governed the Vilnius Voivodeship from 1413. He was considered as the most influential member of the Lithuanian Co ... (1459–1476). References 1476 deaths Year of birth unknown Mykolas Grand chancellors of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania Voivode of Vilnius 15th-century government officials {{Lithuania-noble-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Lithuanian Nobility
The Lithuanian nobility () or ''szlachta'' of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania (, ) was historically a legally privileged hereditary elite class in the Grand Duchy of Lithuania and Polish Lithuanian Commonwealth (including during period of foreign rule 1795–1918) consisting of Lithuanians from Lithuania Proper; Samogitians from Duchy of Samogitia; following Lithuania's eastward expansion into what is now Belarus, Ukraine and Russia, many ethnically Ruthenian noble families (''boyars''); and, later on, predominantly Baltic German families from the Duchy of Livonia and Inflanty Voivodeship.Krzysztof Buchowski, ''Litwomani i polonizatorzy'', p. 20–50, 2006 Białystok, Uniwersytet w Białymstoku, Initially, the privileged social group of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania was called ''boyars''. Boyars became part of the szlachta (nobility) during the Union of Horodło on October 2, 1413, initiating nobility in the Grand Duchy of Lithuania following the Western European model (wi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Jonas Kęsgaila
Jonas Kęsgaila or Kęsgailaitis (, , died 1485) was a Lithuanian nobleman, son of Mykolas Kęsgaila of the Kęsgaila family He fathered two sons (Stanislovas Kęsgaila and Mykolas Kęsgaila) and two daughters. Jonas Kęsgaila was Elder of Samogitia (1449–1485), castellan of Trakai (1477) and Vilnius (1478–1485). Jonas was a powerful magnate in Samogitia and even conducted independent foreign policy with the Teutonic Knights. During the Thirteen Years' War (1454–1466), the Samogitians attacked the Knights, including their stronghold in Klaipėda (Memel) in 1455. The Samogitian border was closed, disrupting communication between the Teutonic Knights in Prussia and its branch in Livonia. These actions are usually interpreted as direct support to Casimir IV Jagiellon, King of Poland. However, this might be oversimplification as the attacks were possibly carried out by unruly Samogitians looking for loot, closing of the border was not considered an act of war, and Lithuanian nob ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Grand Duchy Of Lithuania
The Grand Duchy of Lithuania was a sovereign state in northeastern Europe that existed from the 13th century, succeeding the Kingdom of Lithuania, to the late 18th century, when the territory was suppressed during the 1795 Partitions of Poland, partitions of Poland–Lithuania. The state was founded by Lithuanians (tribe), Lithuanians, who were at the time a Lithuanian mythology, polytheistic nation of several united Baltic tribes from Aukštaitija. By 1440 the grand duchy had become the largest European state, controlling an area from the Baltic Sea in the north to the Black Sea in the south. The grand duchy expanded to include large portions of the former Kievan Rus' and other neighbouring states, including what is now Belarus, Lithuania, most of Ukraine as well as parts of Latvia, Moldova, Poland and Russia. At its greatest extent, in the 15th century, it was the largest state in Europe. It was a multinational state, multi-ethnic and multiconfessionalism, multiconfessional sta ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kanclerz
The Chancellor of Poland ( - , from ), officially, the Grand Chancellor of the Crown between 1385 and 1795, was one of the highest officials in the historic Crown of the Kingdom of Poland. This office functioned from the early Polish kingdom of the 12th century until the end of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth in 1795. A respective office also existed in the Grand Duchy of Lithuania since the 16th century. Today the office of the chancellor has been replaced by that of the Prime Minister. The Chancellors' powers rose together with the increasing importance of written documents. In the 14th century the office of Chancellor of Kraków () evolved into the Chancellor of the Crown () and from that period the chancellor powers were greatly increased, as they became responsible for the foreign policy of the entire Kingdom (later, the Commonwealth). The Chancellor was also supposed to ensure the legality of monarch's actions, especially whether or not they could be considered illeg ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Smolensk
Smolensk is a city and the administrative center of Smolensk Oblast, Russia, located on the Dnieper River, west-southwest of Moscow. First mentioned in 863, it is one of the oldest cities in Russia. It has been a regional capital for most of the past millennium, beginning as the capital of an eponymous principality in the 11th-15th centuries, then the Smolensk Voivodeship of Lithuania and Poland, and Smolensk Governorate and Oblast within Russia. It was the main stronghold of the Smolensk Gate, a geostrategically significant pass between the Daugava and Dnieper rivers, and as such was an important point of contention in the struggle for dominance in Eastern Europe, passing at various times between Lithuania, Poland and Russia. In more recent history, it was captured by Napoleon's Franco–Polish forces and Hitler's Germany during their marches towards Moscow, and was the place of the Smolensk air disaster of 2010. It has a population of Etymology The name of the c ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Voivode Of Vilnius
The Voivode of Vilnius (, ) was a high-ranking Voivode#Commonwealth of Poland–Lithuania, officer in the Grand Duchy of Lithuania who governed the Vilnius Voivodeship from 1413. He was considered as the most influential member of the Lithuanian Council of Lords. After the Union of Lublin in 1569, the Voivodes of Vilnius (who were senators of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth) were ranked as the fourth highest, while the Castellans of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth, Castellans of Vilnius were ranked as the sixth highest officers among the Subdivisions of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth, Voivodeships of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth. After the Third Partition of Poland, Third Partition of the Commonwealth, the Vilnius Voivodeship was annexed by the Russian Empire and this position was annulled. Elders of Vilnius Voivodes of Vilnius 15th century 16th century 17th century 18th century References {{reflist Voivode of Vilnius, Vilnius Voivod ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
History Of Lithuania (book)
''History of Lithuania'' () or ''Academic History of Lithuania'' () is a thirteen-volume series of books dedicated to the history of Lithuania. The project is organised by the Lithuanian Institute of History, with the assistance of various Lithuanian universities. The first volume was published in 2005, and its last volume is scheduled for publication in 2011. After its completion, it will be the largest and the most comprehensive academic publication covering Lithuania's history ever released. As of 2011, five volumes had been released. Background After Lithuania regained its independence from the Soviet Union in 1990, a number of academic works were published by prominent historians of the state's history. These included Edvardas Gudavičius‘ "''Lietuvos istorija. Nuo seniausių laikų iki 1569 metų''" () in 1999; Zigmantas Kiaupa's "''Lietuvos valstybės istorija''" () in 2004; and Alfredas Bumblauskas’ "''Senosios Lietuvos istorija 1009–1795''" () in 2005. Howe ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Baltos Lankos
Baltos lankos (literally: ''White Plains'' originating from a popular folk riddle White Plains'', black sheep''), founded in 1992, is a Lithuania-based publishing house specializing in the humanities and literature. It is one of Lithuania's best-known publishers, and has printed the works of Tomas Venclova and Jonas Mekas, along with its own periodical. Baltos lankos is responsible for publishing multi volume ''History of Lithuania History is the systematic study of the past, focusing primarily on the human past. As an academic discipline, it analyses and interprets evidence to construct narratives about what happened and explain why it happened. Some theorists categ ....'' List of published books * Kristina Sabaliauskaitė ** ''Silva Rerum'' ** ''Silva Rerum II'' ** ''Silva Rerum III'' ** ''Silva Rerum IV'' ** ''Petro imperatorė I'' ** ''Petro imperatorė II'' * Undinė Radzevičiūtė ** ''Žuvys ir drakonai'' ** ''180'' ** ''Baden Badeno nebus'' ** ''Grožio ir ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1476 Deaths
Year 1476 (Roman numerals, MCDLXXVI) was a leap year starting on Monday of the Julian calendar. Events January–December * March 1 – Battle of Toro (War of the Castilian Succession): Although militarily inconclusive, this ensures the Catholic Monarchs the Crown of Castile, forming the basis for modern-day Spain. * March 2 – Battle of Grandson (Burgundian Wars): Swiss forces defeat Kingdom of Burgundy, Burgundy. * June 22 – Battle of Morat (Burgundian Wars): The Kingdom of Burgundy, Burgundians suffer a crushing defeat, at the hands of the Swiss. * July 26 – Battle of Valea Albă (Moldavian–Ottoman Wars): The Ottoman Sultan Mehmed II defeats Stephen III of Moldavia. * November 26 – Vlad the Impaler declares himself reigning ''Voivode'' (Prince) of Wallachia for the third and last time. He is killed on the march to Bucharest, probably before the end of December. His head is sent to his old enemy, Ottoman Sultan Mehmed II. Date unknown ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Year Of Birth Unknown
A year is a unit of time based on how long it takes the Earth to orbit the Sun. In scientific use, the tropical year (approximately 365 solar days, 5 hours, 48 minutes, 45 seconds) and the sidereal year (about 20 minutes longer) are more exact. The modern calendar year, as reckoned according to the Gregorian calendar, approximates the tropical year by using a system of leap years. The term 'year' is also used to indicate other periods of roughly similar duration, such as the lunar year (a roughly 354-day cycle of twelve of the Moon's phasessee lunar calendar), as well as periods loosely associated with the calendar or astronomical year, such as the seasonal year, the fiscal year, the academic year, etc. Due to the Earth's axial tilt, the course of a year sees the passing of the seasons, marked by changes in weather, the hours of daylight, and, consequently, vegetation and soil fertility. In temperate and subpolar regions around the planet, four seasons ar ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kęsgaila Family
Kęsgaila is a Pre-Christian Lithuanian name belonging to the Lithuanian noble Kęsgaila family. It was Polonized as Kieżgajło. It may also be pronounced as Kensgaila, Kenzgaila, or Kinzgaila. Notable people with the surname include: * Jonas Kęsgaila (died 1485), nobleman of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania * (1549–1594) * (1895–1979), Lithuanian doctor, lieutenant colonel of the medical service * Mykolas Kęsgaila (died 1450), nobleman of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania * Mykolas Kęsgaila (died 1476), nobleman of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania *Stanislovas Kęsgaila Stanislovas Jonavičius Kęsgaila (; died 1527) was a Lithuanian nobility, Lithuanian nobleman, son of Jonas Kęsgaila from the Kęsgaila family. Stanislovas Kęsgaila was the Elder of Samogitia (1486–1522), Grand Hetman of Lithuania (1501–150 ... (died 1527), nobleman of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania * Stanislovas Kęsgaila (died 1532) (died 1532), nobleman of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania * (died 1554). noblema ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
