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Muhammad Shah
Mirza Nasir-ud-Din Muḥammad Shah (born Roshan Akhtar; 7 August 1702 – 26 April 1748) was the thirteenth Mughal emperor from 1719 to 1748. He was son of Khujista Akhtar, the fourth son of Bahadur Shah I. After being chosen by the Sayyid Brothers of Barha, he ascended the throne at the young age of 16, under their strict supervision. He later got rid of them with the help of Nizam-ul-Mulk, Asaf Jah I – Syed Hussain Ali Khan was murdered at Fatehpur Sikri in 1720 and Sayyid Hassan Ali Khan Barha was captured in battle in 1720 and fatally poisoned in 1722. Muhammad Shah was a great patron of the arts, including musical, cultural and administrative developments, he is thus often referred to as Muhammad Shah Rangila (). His pen-name was "Sadrang" and he is also sometimes referred to as "Bahadur Shah Rangila" after his grand father Bahadur Shah I. Muhammad Shah's reign was marked by rapid and irreversible decline of the Mughal Empire that was exacerbated by Nader Shah's ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Padishah
Padishah (; ) is a superlative sovereign title of Persian origin. A form of the word is known already from Middle Persian (or Pahlavi) as ''pātaxšā(h)'' or ''pādixšā(y)''. Middle Persian ''pād'' may stem from Avestan ''paiti'', and is akin to Pati (title). ''Xšāy'' 'to rule' and ''xšāyaθiya'' 'king' are both from Old Persian. It was adopted by several monarchs claiming the highest rank, roughly equivalent to the ancient Persian notion of " Great King", and later adopted by post- Achaemenid and the Mughal emperors of India. However, in some periods it was used more generally for autonomous Muslim rulers, as in the '' Hudud al-'Alam'' of the 10th century, where even some petty princes of Afghanistan are called ''pādshā(h)''/''pādshāʼi''/''pādshāy''. The rulers on the following thrones – the first two effectively commanding major West Asian empires – were styled Padishah: * The Shahanshah of Iran, originating mainly with the Safavids * The Padishah ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Badshah Begum
Badshah Begum ( 1703 – 14 December 1789) was the first wife and chief consort of the Mughal emperor Muhammad Shah. She is popularly known by her title Malika-uz-Zamani ("Queen of the Age") which was conferred upon her by her husband, immediately after their marriage. Badshah Begum was a second-cousin of her husband and was a Mughal princess by birth. She was the daughter of Mughal emperor Farrukhsiyar and his first wife, Gauhar-un-Nissa Begum. She wielded major political influence in the Mughal court during her husband's reign and was his most influential wife. It was through her efforts that her step-son, Ahmad Shah Bahadur, was able to ascend the Mughal throne. Family and lineage Badshah Begum was born c.1703, during the reign of her great-great-grandfather Aurangzeb. She was the daughter of the later Mughal emperor Farrukhsiyar and his first wife, Gauhar-un-Nissa Begum. Farrukhsiyar was the second son of Prince Azim-ush-Shan born to his wife Sahiba Niswan Begum. Azi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sayyid Brothers
The Sayyid brothers were Hassan Ali Khan Barha, Abdullah Khan II and Hussain Ali Khan Barha, Syed Hussain Ali Khan, two powerful Mughal Empire, Mughal nobles who were active during the decline of the Mughal Empire. They were Punjabi Muslims belonging to the Sadaat-e-Bara clan of the Barha dynasty, who claimed to be Sayyids or the descendants of the Islamic prophet Muhammad. Their claim was generally not accepted, and they were said to be descendants of peasants from Punjab who migrated to the eastern part of Muzaffarnagar, Uttar Pradesh. According to historian Richard M. Eaton, they were "as native to South Asia as were Jats, Rajputs or Marathas." The brothers became highly influential in the Mughal court after Aurangzeb's death in 1707 and became de facto sovereigns of the empire when they began to seat and unseat emperors. They restored Mughal authority to Ajmer in Rajasthan with the surrender of Maharaja Ajit Singh, and the Jat leader Churaman. During their rule, the Sikh reb ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bahadur Shah I
Bahadur Shah I (Muhammad Mu'azzam; 14 October 1643 – 27 February 1712) or Shah Alam I, was the eighth Mughal Emperor from 1707 to 1712. He was the second son of the sixth Mughal emperor Aurangzeb, who he conspired to overthrow in his youth. He was also the governor of the imperial provinces of Agra, Kabul and Lahore and had to face revolts of Rajputs and Sikhs. After Aurangzeb's death, Muhammad Azam Shah, his third son by his chief consort Nawab Bai declared himself successor, but was shortly defeated in one of the largest battles of India, the Battle of Jajau and overthrown by Bahadur Shah. During the reign of Bahadur Shah, the Rajput kingdoms of Jodhpur and Amber were annexed again after they had declared independence a few years prior. Bahadur Shah also sparked an Islamic controversy in the '' khutba'' by inserting the declaration of Ali as ''wali''. His reign was disturbed by several rebellions, the Sikhs under the leadership of Banda Singh Bahadur, Rajputs under D ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Jahan Shah I
Mirza Khujista Akhtar Jahan Shah (Persian: میرزا خجسته اختر جهان شاه) (4 October 1673 – 30 March 1712/30) was the fourth son of Emperor Bahadur Shah I. The birthdate of Mirza Khujista Akhtar Jahan Shah is debated, according to his found memoir his death date is now set on 1730. Both dates are correct otherwise then. Life He was made Subahdar of Malwa (1707–1712) and raised to an Imperial ''Mansab'' of 30,000 ''Zat'' and 20,000 ''Sawar''. After his father's death, he sided with his brother Mu'izz-ud-Din and defeated his other brother, Azim-ush-Shan in 1712. But Mu'izz-ud-Din disagreed with him over the distribution of the Imperial treasury and fought a battle against him in which he was supposed to be killed along with his eldest son Farkhunda Akhtar. His youngest son Muhammad Shah later ruled as emperor for 28 years. Family One of his wives was Zakiyat-un-nissa Begum, the daughter of Prince Muhammad Akbar. He had married her at Agra in 1695, at the s ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mughal Emperors
The emperors of the Mughal Empire, who were all members of the Timurid dynasty ( House of Babur), ruled the empire from its inception on 21 April 1526 to its dissolution on 21 September 1857. They were supreme monarchs of the Mughal Empire in the Indian subcontinent, mainly corresponding to the modern day countries of India, Pakistan, Afghanistan, and Bangladesh. They ruled many parts of India from 1526 and by 1707, they ruled most of the subcontinent. Afterwards, they declined rapidly, but nominally ruled territories until the Indian Rebellion of 1857, where they gave their last stand against the British forces in India. The Mughal dynasty was founded by Babur (), a Timurid prince from the Fergana Valley (modern-day Uzbekistan). He was a direct descendant of both Timur and Genghis Khan. The Mughal emperors had significant Indian and Persian ancestry through marriage alliances as emperors were born to Persian princesses. During the reign of 6th Mughal Emperor Aurangze ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Delhi
Delhi, officially the National Capital Territory (NCT) of Delhi, is a city and a union territory of India containing New Delhi, the capital of India. Straddling the Yamuna river, but spread chiefly to the west, or beyond its Bank (geography), right bank, Delhi shares borders with the state of Uttar Pradesh in the east and with the state of Haryana in the remaining directions. Delhi became a union territory on 1 November 1956 and the NCT in 1995. The NCT covers an area of . According to the 2011 census, Delhi's city proper population was over 11 million, while the NCT's population was about 16.8 million. The topography of the medieval fort Purana Qila on the banks of the river Yamuna matches the literary description of the citadel Indraprastha in the Sanskrit epic ''Mahabharata''; however, excavations in the area have revealed no signs of an ancient built environment. From the early 13th century until the mid-19th century, Delhi was the capital of two major empires, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Nizamuddin Dargah
The Hazrat Nizamuddin Dargah is the dargah and mosque complex of the Sufi saint Nizamuddin Auliya, located in the Nizamuddin West area of Delhi, India. The dargah, or mausoleum, is a Sufi shrine and is visited by thousands of pilgrims every week. The site is also known for its evening ''qawwali'' devotional music sessions. The complex comprises the Hazrat Nizamuddin Dargah, including several tombs, the Jamat Khana Masjid (or Khilji Mosque), and a '' baoli''. Many of the structures are Monuments of National Importance, administered by the Archaeological Survey of India. Architecture The tombs of Amir Khusrau, Nizamuddin's disciple, and Jehan Ara Begum, Shah Jahan's daughter, are located at the entrance to the complex. Ziauddin Barani and Muhammad Shah are also buried here. Overall, the dargah complex has more than 70 graves. The complex was renovated and restored in by the Aga Khan Trust for Culture. Dargah Nizamuddin's tomb has a white dome. The main structure was built ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mughal Dynasty
The Mughal dynasty () or the House of Babur (), was a Central Asian dynasty of Turco-Mongol tradition, Turco-Mongol origin that ruled large parts of the Indian subcontinent from the early 16th to the 19th century. The dynasty was a cadet branch of the Timurid dynasty, which had ruled in parts of Central Asia and Iran in the 14th and 15th centuries. The Mughals originated as a branch of the Central Asian Timurid dynasty, Timurid Dynasty which belonged to the Barlas, Barlas tribe, which was a branch of the Borjigin Clan. Babur (1483–1530), the founder of the Mughal dynasty, was a direct descendant of the Asian conqueror Timur, Timur (Tamerlane) through his father and Mongol emperor Genghis Khan through his mother. Many of the later Mughal emperors had significant Indian and Persian ancestry through marriage alliances. During much of the Empire's history, the emperor functioned as the absolute Head of State, Head of government and Head of the military, while during its declinin ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Qudsia Begum
Qudsia Begum (dead 1768) was a wife of Mughal emperor Muhammad Shah and mother of emperor Ahmad Shah Bahadur. She was early born an administrator and served as de facto regent from 1748 to 1754. Early years She had a brother named Man Khan. She was introduced to Muhammad Shah's attention by Khadija Khanum, the daughter of Umdat-Ul-Mulk, Amir Khan. The emperor was so fascinated by her, that he raised her to the dignity of an empress. She gave birth to Muhammad Shah's only surviving son, Ahmad Shah Bahadur on 23 December 1725. Her son was, however, brought up by Muhammad Shah's empresses Badshah Begum and Sahiba Mahal. Empress dowager In April 1748, Muhammad Shah died. Her son, Ahmad Shah Bahadur, who was in camp with Safdar Jang near Panipat to return to Delhi and claim the throne. On Safdar Jang's advice, he was enthroned at Panipat and returned to Delhi a few days later. Ahmad Shah Bahadur proved to be an ineffective ruler and was strongly influenced by his mother. A seri ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sahiba Mahal
Sahiba Mahal ( 1795) was the second wife of Mughal emperor Muhammad Shah. Early years Sahiba Mahal was the daughter of Sayid Salabat Khan (died 1753), the son of Sadat Khan, a Mughal noble of Turkish origin, who had been ''Mir Atish'' (head of artillery) under emperor Farrukhsiyar. Her mother was Safa Begum. Her aunt, Fakhr-un-Nissa Begum also known as Gauhar-un-Nissa Begum was married to Farrukhsiyar, and bore him a daughter, Badshah Begum, who became first wife of Muhammad Shah. Marriage Sahiba Mahal married Muhammad Shah as his second wife. To commemorate her wedding to Muhammad Shah, her father was treated with special favour, and was given the rank of 4000, and the post of '' Bakhshi'' of the Ahdis. She was the mother of Muhammad Shah's only daughter, Princess Hazrat Begum, born in 1740. She and Badshah Begum, brought up Muhammad Shah's son Ahmad Shah Bahadur from the dancing girl, Qudsia Begum, as their own. Dowager In April 1748, Muhammad Shah died. His son, Ahma ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hanafi
The Hanafi school or Hanafism is the oldest and largest Madhhab, school of Islamic jurisprudence out of the four schools within Sunni Islam. It developed from the teachings of the Faqīh, jurist and theologian Abu Hanifa (), who systemised the use of reasoning (). Hanafi legal theory primarily derives law from the Quran, the sayings and practices of Muhammad (''sunnah''), scholarly consensus () and analogical reasoning (), but also considers juristic discretion () and local customs (). It is distinctive in its greater usage of ''qiyas'' than other schools. The school spread throughout the Muslim world under the patronage of various Islamic empires, including the Abbasids and Seljuk Empire, Seljuks. The Central Asian region of Transoxiana emerged as a centre of classical Hanafi scholarship between the 10th and 12th centuries, which gave rise to the Maturidi school of theology. The Ottoman Empire adopted Hanafism as its official school of law and influenced the legal thought of th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
