|
Muftiate
A muftiate is an administrative territorial entity, mainly in the post-Soviet and Southeast European states, under the supervision of a mufti. In the post-Yugoslavia states, spiritual administrations similar to the muftiate are called '' riyasat''. A grand muftiate is more significant than a muftiate, and is presided over by a grand mufti. A grand muftiate or muftiate is responsible for the day-to-day operations of the directorate, and oversees the local boards, clerics, mosques, and trusteeships. The structure of Russian- and south-eastern European muftiates were never prescribed by Islamic doctrine, but instead are based on the principle of an all-encompassing legal and administrative order in parallel fashion to Christian dioceses with the purpose of regulating the Islamic religion. History In 1788 the Russian Empire under Empress Catherine II established the first muftiate in Russia named “The Orenburg Muslim Spiritual Assembly” governed by a supreme mufti who oversaw ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
List Of Islamic Muftiates
This is a growing List of Islamic muftis and territorial muftiates. The mufti is the official head of the muftiate. The Grand Mufti is the official head of a board of regional muftis. Countries Albanian muftiates Algerian muftiates Office of the Grand Mufti of Australia Belarusian muftiates Bosnian muftiates The muftiates of Croatia, Sandžak, and Slovenia are under authority of the Grand Muftiate of Bosnia and Herzegovina Mešihat of Croatia The Mešihat of Croatia is under the authority of the Grand Muftiate of Bosnia and Herzegovina Mešihat of Sandžak The Mešihat of Sandžak is under the authority of the Grand Muftiate of Bosnia and Herzegovina Mešihat of Slovenia The Mešihat of Slovenia is under the authority of the Grand Muftiate of Bosnia and Herzegovina Bulgarian muftiates Muftiates in the Caucasus states The South Caucasus states (Azerbaijan, Armenia, Georgia (country), Georgia) are under authority of the Grand Muftiate of the Caucasus (Bak ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Spiritual Administration Of The Muslims Of Central Asia And Kazakhstan
The Spiritual Administration of the Muslims of Central Asia and Kazakhstan (SADUM) (; ) was the official governing body for Islamic activities in the five Central Asian republics of the Soviet Union. Under strict state control, SADUM was charged with training clergy and publishing spiritual materials, among other tasks. The organization was headquartered in Tashkent, Uzbekistan. Established in 1943, SADUM existed for nearly 50 years. With the dissolution of the Soviet Union, the five newly independent republics reformed their respective branches of SADUM into their own national Islamic institutions. History Background The first spiritual assembly in the Russian Empire was established in 1788 in Orenberg. Like SADUM, the Orenburg Muslim Spiritual Assembly was governed by a supreme mufti, and oversaw the appointment of imams and management of mosques throughout the empire. Russian administrators had been involved in the religious hierarchy of Central Asia since the initial conques ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Orenburg Muslim Spiritual Assembly
The Orenburg Muslim Spiritual Assembly () was a state-controlled religious administration in the Russian Empire that had jurisdiction over certain aspects of Islamic activity in Siberia, the Volga-Ural region, and parts of Central Asia, including the Kazakh steppe. It was established in 1788 by order of Russian Empress Catherine II. It was one of several religious bodies created in the Russian Empire, forming state-allied 'clergies' to manage non-Orthodox religions. History In 1791, the similar Tauride Muslim Spiritual Authority was created, presiding over Crimean Tatars. In the 1830s, the Department of Religious Affairs gave support to the Orenburg Assembly in religious disputes with the Hanafi and Sufi schools of thought The Kazakhs were removed from the assembly's jurisdiction in the 1860s as part of a policy to decrease the exposure of the Kazakhs to Tartar influence. According to statistics from 1883, the Orenburg Muslim Spiritual Assembly presided over 4,093 mosques, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Qadiyat
Qadiyat or Qaziyat (alternative spellings: ''Kadiyat'' or ''Kaziyat'') () in Islam is a territorial division associated with a qadi; in some cases subordinate to the mufti and muftiate. In analogy to Christianity, a qadiyat would be considered a diocese. As Sunni Islam does not prescribe any formal hierarchy or priesthood, qadiyats are primarily found in European- and Central Asian Islamic organizations, particularly in south-eastern Europe and countries deriving from the former Soviet Union. In Russia and in other parts of the former Soviet Union, a muhtasibat is directly subordinate to a qadiyat. ISLAMIC REVIVALISM AND POLITICAL ATTITUDES IN UZBEKISTAN http://www.ucis.pitt.edu/nceeer/2007_819-01g_Collins.pdf The Ottoman empire had a similar territorial division called a kadiluk, which was more concerned with justice and taxation than religion. See also * Qadi * Mufti * Muftiate * Muhtasibat * Mahallah is an Arabic word variously translated as district, Quarter (country ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mufti
A mufti (; , ) is an Islamic jurist qualified to issue a nonbinding opinion ('' fatwa'') on a point of Islamic law (''sharia''). The act of issuing fatwas is called ''iftāʾ''. Muftis and their ''fatāwa'' have played an important role throughout Islamic history, taking on new roles in the modern era. Tracing its origins to the Quran and early Islamic communities, the practice of ''ifta'' crystallized with the emergence of the traditional legal theory and schools of Islamic jurisprudence ('' madhahib''). In the classical legal system, fatwas issued by muftis in response to private queries served to inform Muslim populations about Islam, advise courts on difficult points of Islamic law, and elaborate substantive law. In later times, muftis also issued public and political fatwas that took a stand on doctrinal controversies, legitimized government policies or articulated grievances of the population. Traditionally, a mufti was seen as a scholar of upright character who poss ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Muhtasib
A muḥtasib (, from the root ''ḥisbah'', or "accountability"Sami Zubaida (2005), Law and Power in the Islamic World, , pages 58-60) was "a holder of the office of al-hisbah in classical Islamic administrations", according to Oxford Islamic Studies. Also called ''‘amil al-suq'' or ''sahib al-suq'', the ''muḥtasib'' was a supervisor of bazaars and trade, the inspector of public places and behavior in towns in the medieval Islamic countries, appointed by the sultan, imam, or other political authority. His duty was to ensure that public business was conducted in accordance with the law of sharia. '' Hisbah'', the office and root of ''muḥtasib'', is an Islamic doctrine referring to " enjoining good and forbidding wrong" of shariah law, and "by extension, to the maintenance of public law and order and supervising market transactions". But whether muḥtasibs devoted themselves to ''hisbah'' frequently or vigorously in every region of the Muslim world, or focused instead on ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Riyasat (Islam)
Riyasat ( ; ) is a main executive body of the Islamic communities in the Balkan region. The head of the riyasat is Grand Mufti, Reis-ul-ulema (Grand Mufti). History During the Ottoman Empire, all Muslims were subjected to the shaykh al-Islām, the supreme religious authority, even though the sultan maintained the title of kaliph. After Austria-Hungary, Austrian-Hungarian occupation of Condominium of Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bosnia and Herzegovina in 1878, general Josip Filipović, who led the occupation, received instructions that Bosnian Muslims should become independent from the shaykh al-Islām in Istanbul. The Austrian-Hungarian authorities had in plan to make this separation look like a local initiative. After Filipović failed to do so, Gyula Andrássy, at the time foreign minister of Austria-Hungary, tried to do the same through joint Austro-Hungarian Ministry of Finance, which was responsible for Bosnia and Herzegovina, headed by Béni Kállay, and governor of Bosnia and ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Grand Mufti
A Grand Mufti (also called Chief Mufti, State Mufti and Supreme Mufti) is a title for the leading Faqīh, Islamic jurist of a country, typically Sunni, who may oversee other muftis. Not all countries with large Sunni Muslim populations have Grand Muftis; in those that do, the Grand Mufti is typically appointed by the State (polity), state or elected by a council of scholars. The office originated in the early modern era in the Ottoman Empire and has been later adopted in a number of countries that were never part of the Ottoman Empire. Muftis are Islamic jurists qualified to issue a nonbinding opinion (fatwa) on a point of Sharia, Islamic law (sharia). In the 15th century, muftis of the Ottoman Empire, who had acted as independent scholars in earlier times, began to be integrated into a hierarchical bureaucracy of religious institutions and scholars. By the end of the 16th century, the government-appointed mufti of Istanbul came to be recognized under the title ''Shaykh al-Islam ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mufti
A mufti (; , ) is an Islamic jurist qualified to issue a nonbinding opinion ('' fatwa'') on a point of Islamic law (''sharia''). The act of issuing fatwas is called ''iftāʾ''. Muftis and their ''fatāwa'' have played an important role throughout Islamic history, taking on new roles in the modern era. Tracing its origins to the Quran and early Islamic communities, the practice of ''ifta'' crystallized with the emergence of the traditional legal theory and schools of Islamic jurisprudence ('' madhahib''). In the classical legal system, fatwas issued by muftis in response to private queries served to inform Muslim populations about Islam, advise courts on difficult points of Islamic law, and elaborate substantive law. In later times, muftis also issued public and political fatwas that took a stand on doctrinal controversies, legitimized government policies or articulated grievances of the population. Traditionally, a mufti was seen as a scholar of upright character who poss ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Riyasat (Islam)
Riyasat ( ; ) is a main executive body of the Islamic communities in the Balkan region. The head of the riyasat is Grand Mufti, Reis-ul-ulema (Grand Mufti). History During the Ottoman Empire, all Muslims were subjected to the shaykh al-Islām, the supreme religious authority, even though the sultan maintained the title of kaliph. After Austria-Hungary, Austrian-Hungarian occupation of Condominium of Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bosnia and Herzegovina in 1878, general Josip Filipović, who led the occupation, received instructions that Bosnian Muslims should become independent from the shaykh al-Islām in Istanbul. The Austrian-Hungarian authorities had in plan to make this separation look like a local initiative. After Filipović failed to do so, Gyula Andrássy, at the time foreign minister of Austria-Hungary, tried to do the same through joint Austro-Hungarian Ministry of Finance, which was responsible for Bosnia and Herzegovina, headed by Béni Kállay, and governor of Bosnia and ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Grand Mufti
A Grand Mufti (also called Chief Mufti, State Mufti and Supreme Mufti) is a title for the leading Faqīh, Islamic jurist of a country, typically Sunni, who may oversee other muftis. Not all countries with large Sunni Muslim populations have Grand Muftis; in those that do, the Grand Mufti is typically appointed by the State (polity), state or elected by a council of scholars. The office originated in the early modern era in the Ottoman Empire and has been later adopted in a number of countries that were never part of the Ottoman Empire. Muftis are Islamic jurists qualified to issue a nonbinding opinion (fatwa) on a point of Sharia, Islamic law (sharia). In the 15th century, muftis of the Ottoman Empire, who had acted as independent scholars in earlier times, began to be integrated into a hierarchical bureaucracy of religious institutions and scholars. By the end of the 16th century, the government-appointed mufti of Istanbul came to be recognized under the title ''Shaykh al-Islam ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Muhtasibat
A muhtasibat is an Islamic territorial division overseen by a muhtasib and is directly subordinate to a qadi and qadiyat. As Sunni Islam does not prescribe any formal hierarchy or priesthood, muhtasibats are primarily found in Eastern European and Central Asian Islamic organizations, particularly in countries part of the former Soviet Union. Originally, a muhtasib was an Ottoman official charged with supervising proper weights and measures in markets as well as the proper conduct of certain rituals. Today, a muhtasibat is a territory containing several mahallahs or congregations. Religious institutions and Islamic parochial schools fall directly under the supervision of muhtasibats. See also * Mufti * Muftiate * Qadi * Qadiyat * Mahallah is an Arabic word variously translated as district, Quarter (country subdivision), quarter, Ward (country subdivision), ward, or neighborhood in many parts of the Arab world, the Balkans, Western Asia, the Indian subcontinent, and ne ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
