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Moraxella
''Moraxella'' is a genus of gram-negative bacteria in the family Moraxellaceae. It is named after the Swiss ophthalmologist Victor Morax. The organisms are short rods, coccobacilli, or as in the case of '' Moraxella catarrhalis'', diplococci in morphology, with asaccharolytic, oxidase-positive, and catalase-positive properties.Ala'Aldeen, D. A. A. (2007). "Neisseria and moraxella". In Greenwood, David; Slack, Richard; Peitherer, John; & Barer, Mike (Eds.), ''Medical Microbiology'' (17th ed.), p. 258. Elsevier. . ''M. catarrhalis'' is the clinically most important species under this genus. Roles in disease The organisms are commensals of mucosal surfaces and sometimes give rise to opportunistic infection. * '' M. catarrhalis'' usually resides in respiratory tract, but can gain access to the lower respiratory tract in patients with chronic chest disease or compromised host defenses, thus causing tracheobronchitis and pneumonia. For example, it causes a significant proportion ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Moraxella Catarrhalis
''Moraxella catarrhalis'' is a fastidious, nonmotile, Gram-negative, aerobic, oxidase-positive diplococcus that can cause infections of the respiratory system, middle ear, eye, central nervous system, and joints of humans. It causes the infection of the host cell by sticking to the host cell using trimeric autotransporter adhesins. Epidemiology ''Moraxella catarrhalis'' is a human pathogen with an affinity for the human upper respiratory tract and the middle ear. Other primates, such as macaques, might become infected by this bacterium. Rodents including rats, mice, and chinchillas have been used to study ''Moraxella catarrhalis'' with varying degrees of success. History The taxonomy of ''Moraxella catarrhalis'' is a topic that has caused confusion in the past. The bacteria was initially placed in the genus '' Neisseria'', before being moved into a separate genus named '' Branhamella'' in honor of Dr. Sara Branham in 1970. In 1984 this bacterium once again had a c ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Moraxella Boevrei
''Moraxella'' is a genus of gram-negative bacteria in the family Moraxellaceae. It is named after the Swiss ophthalmologist Victor Morax. The organisms are short rods, coccobacilli, or as in the case of '' Moraxella catarrhalis'', diplococci in morphology, with asaccharolytic, oxidase-positive, and catalase-positive properties.Ala'Aldeen, D. A. A. (2007). "Neisseria and moraxella". In Greenwood, David; Slack, Richard; Peitherer, John; & Barer, Mike (Eds.), ''Medical Microbiology'' (17th ed.), p. 258. Elsevier. . ''M. catarrhalis'' is the clinically most important species under this genus. Roles in disease The organisms are commensals of mucosal surfaces and sometimes give rise to opportunistic infection. * '' M. catarrhalis'' usually resides in respiratory tract, but can gain access to the lower respiratory tract in patients with chronic chest disease or compromised host defenses, thus causing tracheobronchitis and pneumonia. For example, it causes a significant proport ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Moraxella Atlantae
''Moraxella atlantae'' is a Gram-negative, oxidase-positive and catalase-positive, rod-shaped, nonmotile bacterium in the genus ''Moraxella''. First described in 1976 it was recognized as a rare opportunistic pathogen in humans starting in 1991. Taxonomy and microbiological characteristics ''Moraxella atlantae'' was first described as a new species in 1976 based on biochemical and microbiological culture , microbiological growth characteristics:Bøvre, K., et al. "Moraxella atlantae sp. nov. and its distinction from Moraxella phenylpyrouvica." International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology 26.4 (1976): 511-521. It resembled ''Moraxella phenylpyruvica'', but differed in "simultaneous lack of urease and phenylalanine and tryptophan deaminase activities, inability to grow on solid medium at 4 to 10°C, relative salt sensitivity, and different behaviour on bile-containing media." In difference it also contains n-octadecanol and mannose. It is a non-fermenter and ha ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Moraxella Osloensis
''Moraxella osloensis'' is a Gram-negative oxidase-positive, aerobic bacterium within the family Moraxellaceae in the gamma subdivision of the purple bacteria. ''Moraxella osloensis'' is a mutualistic symbiont of the slug-parasitic nematode '' Phasmarhabditis hermaphrodita''. In nature, ''Phasmarhabditis hermaphrodita'' vectors ''M. osloensis'' into the shell cavity of the slug host in which the bacteria multiply and kill the slug. Lifecycle This bacterium has been identified as one of the natural symbionts of a bacteria-feeding nematode, ''Phasmarhabditis hermaphrodita'' (Rhabditida: Rhabditidae), which is an endoparasite of slugs, including the slug '' Deroceras reticulatum'' (grey garden slug) which is one of the most serious agricultural and garden slug pests. In nature, bacteria colonize the gut of nematode-infective juveniles which represent a specialized stage of development adapted for survival in the unfavorable environment. The infective juveniles seek out and ent ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Diplococci
Bacterial cellular morphologies are the shapes that are characteristic of various types of bacteria and often key to their identification. Their direct examination under a light microscope enables the classification of these bacteria (and archaea). Generally, the basic morphologies are spheres (coccus) and round-ended cylinders or rod shaped (bacillus). But, there are also other morphologies such as helically twisted cylinders (example '' Spirochetes''), cylinders curved in one plane (selenomonads) and unusual morphologies (the square, flat box-shaped cells of the Archaean genus '' Haloquadratum)''. Other arrangements include pairs, tetrads, clusters, chains and palisades. Types Coccus A coccus (plural ''cocci'', from the Latin ''coccinus'' (scarlet) and derived from the Greek ''kokkos'' (berry)), is any microorganism (usually bacteria) whose overall shape is spherical or nearly spherical. Coccus refers to the shape of the bacteria and can contain multiple genera, such as sta ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Moraxella Nonliquefaciens
''Moraxella nonliquefaciens'' is a Gram-negative bacterium in the genus ''Moraxella'', which was isolated from the upper respiratory tract The respiratory tract is the subdivision of the respiratory system involved with the process of conducting air to the alveoli for the purposes of gas exchange in mammals. The respiratory tract is lined with respiratory epithelium as respiratory ... of humans.The type 4 pilin of Moraxella nonliquefaciens exhibits unique similarities with the pilins of Neisseria gonorrhoeae and Dichelobacter (Bacteroides) nodosus Journal of General Microbiology (1991), 137, 2483-2490. [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Moraxella Oblonga
''Moraxella oblonga'' is a catalase- and oxidase-positive, Gram-negative bacterium in the genus ''Moraxella'', which was isolated from the oral cavity of a sheep Sheep (: sheep) or domestic sheep (''Ovis aries'') are a domesticated, ruminant mammal typically kept as livestock. Although the term ''sheep'' can apply to other species in the genus '' Ovis'', in everyday usage it almost always refers to d .... ''Alysiella'' sp. was transferred to ''M. oblonga''. References External linksType strain of ''Moraxella oblonga'' at Bac''Dive'' - the Bacterial Diversity Metadatabase Moraxellaceae Bacteria described in 2005 {{Pseudomonadales-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Moraxella Bovis
''Moraxella bovis'' is a Gram-negative, aerobic, oxidase-positive rod-shaped bacterium. It is the cause of infectious bovine keratoconjunctivitis, a contagious ocular disease of cattle,George M. Garrity: ''Bergey's Manual of Systematic Bacteriology''. 2. Auflage. Springer, New York, 2005, Volume 2: ''The Proteobacteria, Par`t B: The Gammaproteobacteria'' referred to colloquially as pinkeye or New Forest eye. ''M. bovis'' was first associated with pinkeye in cattle 1915 in Bengal, India The restriction enzyme A restriction enzyme, restriction endonuclease, REase, ENase or'' restrictase '' is an enzyme that cleaves DNA into fragments at or near specific recognition sites within molecules known as restriction sites. Restriction enzymes are one class o ... MboI, widely used in biotechnology, is isolated from this species. References External linksPink-eye in Beef Cattle- Department of Primary IndustriesType strain of ''Moraxella bovis'' at Bac''Dive'' - the Bacterial Dive ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Moraxella Canis
''Moraxella canis'' is a Gram-negative, oxidase-positive bacterium in the genus ''Moraxella.'' The organism is considered normal oral flora of cats and dogs, and it is not commonly attributed to infection in healthy humans. However, the organism has been reported to cause sepsis in an immunocompromised individual. Additionally, ''M. canis'' was isolated from a dog bite wound in Sweden and from an ulcerated supraclavicular lymph node A lymph node, or lymph gland, is a kidney-shaped organ of the lymphatic system and the adaptive immune system. A large number of lymph nodes are linked throughout the body by the lymphatic vessels. They are major sites of lymphocytes that includ ... of a patient. References External linksType strain of ''Moraxella canis'' at Bac''Dive'' - the Bacterial Diversity Metadatabase Moraxellaceae Bacteria described in 1993 {{Pseudomonadales-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
