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Monomania (Clarice Falcão Album)
In 19th-century psychiatry, monomania (from Greek , "one", and , meaning "madness" or "frenzy") was a form of partial insanity conceived as single psychological obsession in an otherwise sound mind. Types Monomania may refer to: * Erotomania (also known as De Clérambault's syndrome): Delusion that a particular person is in love with the patient. This can occur without reinforcement or even acquaintanceship with the love object. * Idée fixe: Domination by an overvalued idea, for example, "staying thin" in anorexia nervosa * Kleptomania: Irresistible urge to steal * Pyromania: Impulse to deliberately start fires * Lypemania: Early elaboration later to become modern concept of depression * Narcissism: Pursuit of gratification from one's own attributes * Homicidal monomania: According to Étienne-Jean Georget, an abrupt "lesion of the will" capable of driving an otherwise sane person to murder History Partial insanity, variations of which enjoyed a long prehistory in jurisp ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Insane Woman
''Monomaniac of Envy'' (''Monomane de l’envie''), also known by the name of ''Hyena of Salpêtrière,'' ''Portrait of a Woman Suffering from Obsessive Envy,'' and ''Manic Envy,'' is an oil-on-canvas painting by the French Romanticism, Romantic artist Théodore Géricault. Painted as part of his series of ten portraits on the mentally ill, it is one of only five known to survive today. It is currently housed in the Museum of Fine Arts of Lyon, France. Background Mental aberration and irrational states of mind interested Romantic artists who questioned Age of Enlightenment, Enlightenment rationality. Géricault, like many of his contemporaries, examined the influence of mental states on the human face and shared the belief, common in his time, that a face more accurately revealed character, especially in madness and at the moment of death. In addition to analyzing faces of patients in hospitals and institutions for the criminally insane, he also studied the heads of guillotine v ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Narcissism
Narcissism is a self-centered personality style characterized as having an excessive preoccupation with oneself and one's own needs, often at the expense of others. Narcissism, named after the Greek mythological figure ''Narcissus'', has evolved into a psychological concept studied extensively since the early 20th century, and it has been deemed highly relevant in various societal domains. Narcissism exists on a continuum that ranges from normal to abnormal personality expression. While many psychologists believe that a moderate degree of narcissism is healthy narcissism, normal and healthy in humans, there are also more extreme forms, observable particularly in people who have a personality condition like narcissistic personality disorder (NPD), where one's narcissistic qualities become pathological, leading to functional impairment and psychosocial disability. It has also been discussed in dark triad studies, along with subclinical psychopathy and Machiavellianism (psychology ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Moral Insanity
Moral insanity referred to a type of mental disorder consisting of abnormal emotions and behaviours in the apparent absence of intellectual impairments, delusions, or hallucinations. It was an accepted diagnosis in Europe and America through the second half of the 19th century. The physician James Cowles Prichard first used the phrase to describe a mental disorder in 1835 in his ''Treatise on insanity and other disorders affecting the mind''. He defined moral insanity as: "madness consisting in a morbid perversion of the natural feelings, affections, inclinations, temper, habits, moral dispositions, and natural impulses, without any remarkable disorder or defect of the interest or knowing and reasoning faculties, and particularly without any insane illusion or hallucinations." The concept of moral insanity was indebted to the work of physician Philippe Pinel, which was acknowledged by Prichard. Pinel had described mental diseases of only partial, affective, insanity. His concept ' ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Obsessive Compulsive Disorder
Obsession may refer to: Psychology * Celebrity worship syndrome, obsessive addictive disorder to a celebrity's personal and professional life * Obsession (psychology), a persistent attachment to an object or idea * Fixation (psychology), persistence of anachronistic sexual traits * Idée fixe (psychology), a preoccupation of mind believed to be firmly resistant to any attempt to modify it * Obsessive love disorder, an overwhelming, obsessive desire to possess another person * Obsessive–compulsive disorder, a mental disorder triggering obsessive thoughts Arts, entertainment, and media Films * '' Ossessione'' (1943), an Italian crime drama * ''Obsession'' (1949 film), a British thriller also released as ''The Hidden Room'' * ''Obsession'' (1954 film), a French-language crime drama * ''Obsession'' (1976 film), a psychological thriller/mystery directed by Brian De Palma * ''Junoon'' (1978 film), or ''The Obsession'', a 1979 Indian drama film by Shyam Benegal * ''Obsession' ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder
Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterised by symptoms of inattention, hyperactivity, impulsivity, and emotional dysregulation that are excessive and pervasive, impairing in multiple contexts, and Developmental psychology, developmentally inappropriate. ADHD symptoms arise from executive dysfunction. Impairments resulting from deficits in self-regulation such as time management, Cognitive inhibition, inhibition, task initiation, and sustained attention can include poor professional performance, relationship difficulties, and numerous health risks, collectively predisposing to a diminished Quality of life (healthcare), quality of life and a reduction in life expectancy. As a consequence, the disorder costs society hundreds of billions of US dollars each year, worldwide. It is associated with other mental disorders as well as non-psychiatric disorders, which can cause additional impairment. While ADHD involves a lack of su ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Addictive Behaviour
An addictive behavior is a behavior, or a stimulus related to a behavior (e.g., sex or food), that is both rewarding and reinforcing, and is associated with the development of an addiction. There are two main forms of addiction: substance use disorders (including alcohol, tobacco, and cannabis) and behavioral addiction (including sex, gambling, eating, and shoplifting). The parallels and distinctions between behavioral addictions and other compulsive behavior disorders like bulimia nervosa and obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) are still being researched by behavioral scientists. Defining addictive behavior presents a challenge, as the concept encompasses diverse behaviors, and therefore its usage has been contentious. Although, central to the definition is excessive dependence on a specific substance or activity, derived from the Latin term ‘to enslave.' Furthermore, addictive behavior describes patterns characterized by a loss of control and a compulsion to accept a reward ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Autism
Autism, also known as autism spectrum disorder (ASD), is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by differences or difficulties in social communication and interaction, a preference for predictability and routine, sensory processing differences, focused interests, and repetitive behaviors, which may include stimming. Formal diagnosis requires significant challenges in multiple domains of life, with characteristics that are atypical or more pronounced than expected for one's age and sociocultural context.(World Health Organization: International Classification of Diseases version 11 (ICD-11)): https://icd.who.int/browse/2024-01/mms/en#437815624 Motor coordination difficulties are common but not required for diagnosis. Autism is a spectrum disorder, resulting in wide variations in presentation and support needs, such as that between speaking and non-speaking populations. Increased estimates of autism prevalence since the 1990s are primarily attributed to broader c ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Idée Fixe (psychology)
In psychology, an ''idée fixe'' (; ) is a preoccupation of mind believed to be firmly resistant to any attempt to modify it, a fixation. Background According to intellectual historian Jan E. Goldstein, the initial introduction of ''idée fixe'' as a medical term occurred around 1812 in connection with monomania. The French psychiatrist Jean-Étienne Dominique Esquirol considered an ''idée fixe'' – in other words an unhealthy fixation on a single object – to be the principal symptom of monomania. The term ''idée fixe'' had already seeped from psychiatric discourse into literary language before Hector Berlioz employed it in a musical contextIn music, the term ''idée fixe'' refers to a compositional device similar to that of a ''leitmotif''. See: in his programmatic ''Symphonie fantastique'' (subtitled ''Episode in the Life of an Artist...'') of 1830 to denote a recurring melodic theme that references the composer's own romantic obsession (or erotomania) with the actress ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Jean-Étienne Dominique Esquirol
Jean-Étienne Dominique Esquirol (3 February 1772 – 12 December 1840) was a French psychiatrist. Early life and education Born and raised in Toulouse, Esquirol completed his education at Montpellier. He came to Paris in 1799 where he worked at the Salpêtrière Hospital and became a favorite student of Philippe Pinel. To enable Esquirol to take up the intensive study of insanity in an appropriate setting, Pinel reportedly put up the security for the house and garden on Rue de Buffon where Esquirol established a '' maison de santé'' or private asylum in 1801 or 1802. Esquirol's ''maison'' was quite successful, being ranked, in 1810, as one of the three best such institutions in Paris. In 1805 he published his thesis ''The passions considered as causes, symptoms and means of cure in cases of insanity''. Esquirol, like Pinel, believed that the origin of mental illness could be found in the passions of the soul and was convinced that madness does not fully and irremediably a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Psychiatrist
A psychiatrist is a physician who specializes in psychiatry. Psychiatrists are physicians who evaluate patients to determine whether their symptoms are the result of a physical illness, a combination of physical and mental ailments or strictly mental issues. Sometimes a psychiatrist works within a multi-disciplinary team, which may comprise clinical psychologists, social workers, occupational therapists, and nursing staff. Psychiatrists have broad training in a biopsychosocial approach to the assessment and management of mental illness. As part of the clinical assessment process, psychiatrists may employ a mental status examination; a physical examination; brain imaging such as a computerized tomography, magnetic resonance imaging, or positron emission tomography scan; and blood testing. Psychiatrists use pharmacologic, psychotherapeutic, or interventional approaches to treat mental disorders. Subspecialties The field of psychiatry has many subspecialties that ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Jurisprudence
Jurisprudence, also known as theory of law or philosophy of law, is the examination in a general perspective of what law is and what it ought to be. It investigates issues such as the definition of law; legal validity; legal norms and values; and the relationship between law and other fields of study, including Law and economics, economics, Applied ethics, ethics, Legal history, history, Sociology of law, sociology, and political philosophy. Modern jurisprudence began in the 18th century and was based on the first principles of natural law, Civil law (legal system), civil law, and the law of nations. Contemporary philosophy of law addresses problems internal to law and legal systems and problems of law as a social institution that relates to the larger political and social context in which it exists. Jurisprudence can be divided into categories both by the type of question scholars seek to answer and by the theories of jurisprudence, or schools of thought, regarding how those ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Étienne-Jean Georget
Étienne-Jean Georget (2 April 1795 – 14 May 1828) was a French psychiatrist. He is known for writing on monomania. He is also the pioneer of forensic psychiatry, and was the first psychiatrist to discuss the defence of insanity to criminal charges. Biography Georget was born in Vernou-sur-Brenne (Indre-et-Loire), into a poor farming family. He was poorly educated, which he felt handicapped his career.Semelaigne, p. 188 He studied medicine in , then in Paris where he was a student of Philippe Pinel and |
