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Molla Ramayanam
''Molla Ramayanam'' is a Telugu epic poem composed by the 16th-century poet Molla, based on the Sanskrit ''Ramayana'' by Valmiki. Written in accessible Telugu, this version is notable for its extensive use of ''kandam''-style verse, which led to it also being called "Kanda Ramayanam." Molla's ''Ramayanam'' is considered the first condensed ''Ramayanam'' in Telugu. Authorship and background Molla, whose full name is Atukuri Molla, is the author of this work. A celebrated poet from Gopavaram in the Kadapa district of Andhra Pradesh, she is considered one of the earliest female poets in Telugu literature. Molla identified herself as the daughter of a potter and noted that her father was a devout follower of Siva, a theme that appears in the introductory verses of her work. Literary significance Molla was self-taught and claimed her poetic talent was a divine gift. She did not dedicate her work to any king for fame or fortune, a practice uncommon in her time, emphasizing her p ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Atukuri Molla
Atukuri Molla (ఆతుకూరి మొల్ల) was a 16th-century Telugu language, Telugu poet who authored ''Molla Ramayanam'', a Telugu-language version of Sanskrit ''Ramayana''. Identified by her caste, she was popularly known as Kummari Molla. Mollamamba or Molla was the daughter of Kesana Setti who was a potter by profession. While earlier historians placed her as a contemporary of Tikkana Somayaji during the times of Kakatiya empire, Kandukuri Veeresalingam, Kandukuri Veeresalingam Pantul - in his ''Andhra Kavula Charitra'' - suggests that she was a contemporary of Sri Krishna Deva Raya, which seems to cast doubt on earlier claims that she was the sister of Kummara Gurunatha who was the scribe of Tikkana Somayaji in translating Mahabharata. Her salutations to poets like Srinatha who lived in the periods between the Kakatiya and Vijayanagara empires also suggest that they predated her. [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Nannayya
Nannayya Bhattaraka or Nannayya Bhattu (sometimes spelled Nannaya; ) was a Telugu poet and the author of '' Andhra Mahabharatam'', a Telugu retelling of the Sanskrit-language ''Mahabharata''. Nannaya is generally considered the first poet (''Adi Kavi'') of Telugu language. He was patronized by Rajaraja Narendra of Rajamahendravaram. Rajaraja Narendra was an admirer of ''Mahabharata'' and wanted the message of the Sanskrit epic to reach the Telugu masses in their own language and idiom. He commissioned Nannaya, a scholar well versed in Vedas, Puranas, and Itihasas for the task. Nannaya began his work in and wrote Adi Parvam, Sabaparvam, and a part of Aranyaparvam. Nannaya is the first of the three Telugu poets, called the '' Kavitrayam'' ("trinity of poets"), who wrote ''Andhra Mahabharatam''. His work, which is rendered in the Champu style, is chaste and polished and of a high literary merit. The advanced and well-developed language used by Nannaya suggests that prior ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Medieval Indian Literature
In the history of Europe The history of Europe is traditionally divided into four time periods: prehistoric Europe (prior to about 800 BC), classical antiquity (800 BC to AD 500), the Middle Ages (AD 500–1500), and the modern era (since AD 1500). The first early Euro ..., the Middle Ages or medieval period lasted approximately from the 5th to the late 15th centuries, similarly to the post-classical period of World history (field), global history. It began with the fall of the Western Roman Empire and transitioned into the Renaissance and the Age of Discovery. The Middle Ages is the middle period of the three traditional divisions of Western history: classical antiquity, the medieval period, and the modern period. The medieval period is itself subdivided into the Early Middle Ages, Early, High Middle Ages, High, and Late Middle Ages. Population decline, counterurbanisation, the collapse of centralised authority, invasions, and mass migrations of tribes, which had beg ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Telugu-language Literature
Telugu (; , ) is a Dravidian language native to the Indian states of Andhra Pradesh and Telangana, where it is also the official language. Spoken by about 96 million people (2022), Telugu is the most widely spoken member of the Dravidian language family, and one of the twenty-two scheduled languages of the Republic of India. It is one of the few languages that has primary official status in more than one Indian state, alongside Hindi and Bengali. Telugu is one of the languages designated as a classical language by the Government of India. It is the 14th most spoken native language in the world.Statistics in Modern Standard Telugu is based on the dialect of erstwhile Krishna, Guntur, East Godavari and West Godavari districts of |
Telugu Poetry
Telugu literature includes poetry, short stories, novels, plays, and other works composed in Telugu. There is some indication that Telugu literature dates at least to the middle of the first millennium. The earliest extant works are from the 11th century when the Mahabharata was first translated to Telugu from Sanskrit by Nannaya. The language experienced a golden age under the patronage of the Vijayanagara Emperor-Poet Krishnadevaraya. Historiography There are various sources available for information on early Telugu writers. Among these are the prologues to their poems, which followed the Sanskrit model by customarily giving a brief description of the writer, a history of the king to whom the book is dedicated, and a chronological list of the books he published. In addition, historical information is available from inscriptions that can be correlated with the poems; there are several grammars, treatises, and anthologies that provide illustrative stanzas; and there is als ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ravana
According to the Mahakavya, Hindu epic, ''Ramayana'', Ravana was a kingJustin W. Henry, ''Ravana's Kingdom: The Ramayana and Sri Lankan History from Below'', Oxford University Press, p.3 of the island of Lanka, in which he is the chief antagonist and is considered to be a Rakshasa (demon). In the ''Ramayana'', Ravana is described as the eldest son of sage Vishrava and Kaikesi, Kaikasi. He abducted Rama's wife, Sita, and took her to his kingdom of Lanka, where he held her in the Ashok Vatika, Ashoka Vatika. Rama, with the support of vanara King Sugriva and his army of vanaras, launched a rescue operation for Sita against Ravana in Lanka. Ravana was subsequently slain, and Rama rescued his beloved wife Sita. Ravana was well-versed in the six shastras and the four Vedas, including the Shiva Tandava Stotra. Ravana is also considered to be the most revered devotee of Shiva. Images of Ravana are often seen associated with Shiva at temples. He also appears in the Buddhist Mahayana t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Dasharatha
Dasharatha (, IAST: Daśaratha; born Nemi) was the king of Kosala, with its capital at Ayodhya, in the Hindu epic ''Ramayana''. Dasharatha married Kausalya, Sumitra and Kaikeyi. He was the father of Rama, the protagonist of the epic Ramayana, Bharata, Lakshmana, and Shatrughna. Dasharatha also finds mention in the ''Vishnu Purana''. Legend Early life and marriage King Dasharatha was believed to be an incarnation of Svayambhuva Manu, the son of the Hindu creator god, Brahma. Dasharatha was born as the son of King Aja of Kosala and Indumati of Vidarbha. He was originally named Nemi, but he acquired the moniker ''Dasharatha'' ('ten chariots') as his chariot could move in all ten directions, fly, and return to earth, and he could fight with ease in all of these directions. Dasharatha became the ruler of Kosala after the death of his father. He was a great warrior who subjugated many of the neighbouring kingdoms with his prowess and slew many asuras in battle. According ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ayodhya
Ayodhya () is a city situated on the banks of the Sarayu river in the Indian state of Uttar Pradesh. It is the administrative headquarters of the Ayodhya district as well as the Ayodhya division of Uttar Pradesh, India. Ayodhya became the top tourist destination of Uttar Pradesh with 110 million visitors in the first half of 2024, surpassing Varanasi. Ayodhya was historically known as Saketa until renamed Ayodhya, by Skandagupta. The early Buddhist and Jain canonical texts mention that the religious leaders Gautama Buddha and Mahavira visited and lived in the city. The Jain texts also describe it as the birthplace of five tirthankaras namely, Rishabhanatha, Ajitanatha, Abhinandananatha, Sumatinatha and Anantanatha, and associate it with the legendary Bharata Chakravarti. From the Gupta period onwards, several sources mention Ayodhya and Saketa as the name of the same city. The legendary city of Ayodhya, popularly identified as the present-day Ayodhya, is iden ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pothana
Bammera Pothana (1450–1510) was a Telugu poet best known for his translation of the Srimad Bhaagavatam from Sanskrit to Telugu. He was a Telugu and Sanskrit Scholar. His work, Srimad Bhagavatamu, is popularly called as Pothana Bhagavatam in Telugu. Early life Pothana was born into a Niyogi Brahmin family at Bammera Village in Jangaon District of Telangana. Historians has some differences about the exact birth place of Pothana, some claim it is as present day Bammera Village in Janagama District of Telangana and some claim it as present day Vontimitta in Kadapa district of Andhra Pradesh. His father was Kesana and his mother Lakkamamba. He was considered to be a 'Sahaja Kavi' (natural poet), needing no teacher. He was known to be very polite and was an agriculturist by occupation. Though he was a great scholar, he never hesitated to work in the agricultural fields. Literary career At an early age he wrote ''Bhogini Dhandakam'', a poem written in the praise of king Sri Sin ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tikkana
Tikkana (1205–1288), also known as Tikkana Somayaji, was a 13th century Telugu poet. Born into a Telugu-speaking Niyogi Brahmin family . He was the second poet of the "Trinity of Poets ( Kavi Trayam)" that translated ''Mahabharata'' into Telugu. Nannaya Bhattaraka, the first, translated two and a half chapters of ''Mahabharata''. Tikkana translated the final 15 chapters, but did not undertake translating the half-finished ''Aranya Parvamu''. The Telugu people remained without this last translation for more than a century, until it was translated by Errana. Tikkana is also called Tikkana Somayaji, as he completed the Somayaga. Tikkana's titles were ''Kavibrahma'' and ''Ubhaya Kavi Mitrudu''. Religious conflict Tikkana was born in 1205 in Patur village, Kovur, Nellore district during the Golden Age of the Kakatiya dynasty. During this time conflict occurred between the two sects of Sanātana Dharma, Shaivism and Vaishnavism. Tikkana attempted to bring peace to the warr ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Nidadavolu Malathi
Nidadavolu Malathi is a Telugu writer from Andhra Pradesh, India. She is a short story writer, essayist, literary critic, and translator. Her daughter Sarayu Rao is a Hollywood actress. Early life and education Nidadavolu Malathi hails from Visakhapatnam, Andhra Pradesh, India. She was born to Sri Nidadavolu Jagannatha Rao and Seshamma on 26 June 1937. Her father worked as a Maths teacher in Theosophical Society High school, Adyar, Madras. Both her parents cherished progressive views, which are reflected in their children's upbringing. Malathi has Masters's degrees in English Language and Literature from Andhra University and Sri Venkateswara University; and master's degree in Library Science from University of Delhi The Delhi University (DU, ISO 15919, ISO: ), also and officially known as the University of Delhi, is a collegiate university, collegiate research university, research Central university (India), central university located in Delhi, India. It .... She work ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Telugu Language
Telugu (; , ) is a Dravidian languages, Dravidian language native to the Indian states of Andhra Pradesh and Telangana, where it is also the official language. Spoken by about 96 million people (2022), Telugu is the most widely spoken member of the Dravidian language family, and one of the twenty-two Languages with legal status in India, scheduled languages of the Republic of India. It is one of the few languages that has primary official status in more than one States and union territories of India, Indian state, alongside Hindi and Bengali language, Bengali. Telugu is one of the languages designated as a Classical Languages of India, classical language by the Government of India. It is the 14th most spoken native language in the world.Statistics in Modern Standard Telugu is based on the dialect of erstwhile Krishna, Guntur, East Godavari and ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
