Mohamed El Naschie
Mohamed El Naschie ( ar, محمد النشائي, born 1943) is an Egyptian engineer and the former editor of a controversial journal, ''Chaos, Solitons & Fractals''. The controversy concerned El Naschie's publication, over many years, of over 300 papers of questioned scientific merit authored by himself in his own journal with little or no apparent peer review. Published reports of his eventual departure from the editorship of the journal led to a lengthy libel court case that raised questions about the libel laws in Great Britain. The controversy has also played a role in discussions of the "impact factor" as a quality measure for scientific journals, and of the methodology of university rankings. Early life and education El Naschie grew up in Germany. His initial training was as an engineer, obtaining an engineering degree from Leibniz University Hannover.
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Engineer
Engineers, as practitioners of engineering, are professionals who invent, design, analyze, build and test machines, complex systems, structures, gadgets and materials to fulfill functional objectives and requirements while considering the limitations imposed by practicality, regulation, safety and cost. "Science is knowledge based on our observed facts and tested truths arranged in an orderly system that can be validated and communicated to other people. Engineering is the creative application of scientific principles used to plan, build, direct, guide, manage, or work on systems to maintain and improve our daily lives." The word ''engin