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Modified Atwater
The Atwater system, named after Wilbur Olin Atwater, or derivatives of this system are used for the calculation of the available food energy, energy of foods. The system was developed largely from the experimental studies of Atwater and his colleagues in the later part of the 19th century and the early years of the 20th at Wesleyan University in Middletown, Connecticut. Its use has frequently been the cause of dispute, but few alternatives have been proposed. As with the calculation of protein from total nitrogen, the Atwater system is a convention and its limitations can be seen in its derivation. Derivation Available energy (as used by Atwater) is equivalent to the modern usage of the term Metabolisable Energy, metabolisable energy (ME). = \left(\text\right) - \left(\text\right). In most studies on humans, losses in secretions and gases are ignored. The gross energy (GE) of a food, as measured by Calorimeter#Bomb calorimeters, bomb calorimetry is equal to the sum of the Heat ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Food And Agriculture Organization
The Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations; . (FAO) is a specialized agency of the United Nations that leads international efforts to defeat hunger and improve nutrition and food security. Its Latin motto, , translates to "let there be bread". It was founded on 16 October 1945. The FAO comprises 195 members, including 194 countries and the European Union. Its headquarters is in Rome, Italy, and it maintains regional and field offices worldwide, operating in over 130 countries. It helps governments and development agencies coordinate their activities to improve and develop agriculture, forestry, fisheries, and land and water resources. It also conducts research, provides technical assistance to projects, operates educational and training programs, and collects agricultural output, production, and development data. The FAO is governed by a biennial conference representing each member country and the European Union, which elects a 49-member executive cou ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Apparent Digestibility (or ostensible authority) relates to the doctrines of the law of agency
*Apparent, apparently
{{disambiguation ...
Apparent may refer to: *Apparent magnitude, a measure of brightness of a celestial body as seen by an observer on Earth *Apparent places, the actual coordinates of stars as seen from Earth *Heir apparent, a person who is first in line of succession *Apparent death, an antipredator behavior known as playing dead *Apparent wind, a wind experienced by a moving object *Eire Apparent, a band from Northern Ireland *Apparent authority In law, apparent authority (also called "ostensible authority") relates to the doctrines of the law of agency. It is relevant particularly in corporate law and constitutional law. Apparent authority refers to a situation where a reasonable third pa ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Agricultural Research Service
The Agricultural Research Service (ARS) is the principal in-house research agency of the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA). ARS is one of four agencies in USDA's Research, Education and Economics mission area. ARS is charged with extending the nation's scientific knowledge and solving agricultural problems through its four national program areas: nutrition, food safety and quality; animal production and protection; natural resources and sustainable agricultural systems; and crop production and protection. ARS research focuses on solving problems affecting Americans every day. The ARS Headquarters is located in the Jamie L. Whitten Building on Independence Avenue in Washington, D.C., and the headquarters staff is located at the George Washington Carver Center (GWCC) in Beltsville, Maryland. For 2018, its budget was $1.2 billion. For 2023, the budget grew to $1.9 billion. Mission ARS conducts scientific research for the American public. Their main focus is on research ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Food Energy
Food energy is chemical energy that animals and humans derive from food to sustain their metabolism and muscular activity. Most animals derive most of their energy from aerobic respiration, namely combining the carbohydrates, fats, and proteins with oxygen from air or dissolved in water. Other smaller components of the diet, such as organic acids, polyols, and ethanol (drinking alcohol) may contribute to the energy input. Some diet components that provide little or no food energy, such as water, minerals, vitamins, cholesterol, and fiber, may still be necessary for health and survival for other reasons. Some organisms have instead anaerobic respiration, which extracts energy from food by reactions that do not require oxygen. The energy contents of a given mass of food is usually expressed in the metric (SI) unit of energy, the joule (J), and its multiple the kilojoule (kJ); or in the traditional unit of heat energy, the calorie (cal). In nutritional contexts, the latte ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Food Composition Table
Food composition data (FCD) are detailed sets of information on the nutritionally important components of foods and provide values for energy and nutrients including protein, carbohydrates, fat, vitamins and minerals and for other important food components such as fibre. The data are presented in food composition databases (FCDBs). In the UK, FCD is listed in tables known as The Chemical Composition of Foods, McCance and Widdowson (1940)McCance RA & Widdowson EM (1940) The Chemical Composition of Foods, Medical Research Council Special Report Series No. 235. His Majesty’s Stationery Office: London. and in the first edition the authors stated that: ‘A knowledge of the chemical composition of foods is the first essential in the dietary treatment of disease or in any quantitative study of human nutrition’. This demonstrates the main reason for establishing FCD at that time. To this day, food composition studies remain central to nutrition research into the role of food compon ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Dietary Fibre
Dietary fiber (fibre in Commonwealth English) or roughage is the portion of plant-derived food that cannot be completely broken down by human digestive enzymes. Dietary fibers are diverse in chemical composition and can be grouped generally by their solubility, viscosity and fermentability which affect how fibers are processed in the body. Dietary fiber has two main subtypes: soluble fiber and insoluble fiber which are components of plant-based foods such as legumes, whole grains, cereals, vegetables, fruits, and nuts or seeds. A diet high in regular fiber consumption is generally associated with supporting health and lowering the risk of several diseases. Dietary fiber consists of non-starch polysaccharides and other plant components such as cellulose, resistant starch, resistant dextrins, inulins, lignins, chitins, pectins, beta-glucans, and oligosaccharides. Food sources of dietary fiber have traditionally been divided according to whether they provide soluble or insolubl ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
USDA
The United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) is an United States federal executive departments, executive department of the Federal government of the United States, United States federal government that aims to meet the needs of commercial farming and livestock food production, promotes agricultural trade and production, works to assure food safety, protects natural resources, fosters rural communities and works to end hunger in the United States and internationally. It is headed by the secretary of agriculture, who reports directly to the president of the United States and is a member of the president's Cabinet of the United States, Cabinet. The current secretary is Brooke Rollins, who has served since February 13, 2025. Approximately 71% of the USDA's $213 billion budget goes towards nutrition assistance programs administered by the Food and Nutrition Service (FNS). The largest component of the FNS budget is the Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (formerly ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bernice Watt
Bernice may refer to: Places In the United States * Bernice, Arkansas, an unincorporated community * Bernice, Louisiana, a town * Bernice, Nevada, a ghost town * Bernice, Oklahoma, a town * Bernice Coalfield, a coalfield in Sullivan County, Pennsylvania Elsewhere * Bernice, Manitoba, Canada, a community * Bernice, an Old English name for Bernicia, an Anglo-Saxon kingdom in the 6th and 7th centuries Other uses * Bernice (given name), including a list of people and characters with the name * Hurricane Bernice (other) The name Bernice has been used for five tropical cyclones in the Eastern Pacific Ocean. * Tropical Storm Bernice (1962), made landfall in Baja California * Tropical Storm Bernice (1965), formed south of Puerto Angel, Mexico, and moved parallel to ..., tropical cyclones in the eastern Pacific Ocean * USS ''Mary Alice'' (SP-397), a patrol vessel originally a private steam yacht named ''Bernice'' See also * Berenice (other) {{disambig, geo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Annabel Merrill
Annabel or Annabelle may refer to: Arts and media * ''Annabel'' (Baum novel), a 1906 novel by L. Frank Baum * ''Annabel'' (Winter novel), a 2010 novel by Kathleen Winter * "Annabel", a song by Maria Dimitriadi from the film '' Girls in the Sun'' * "Annabel", a song by Goldfrapp from ''Tales of Us'' * "Annabelle", a song by the Mighty Lemon Drops from '' Sound ... Goodbye to Your Standards'' * ''Annabelle'' (film), a 2014 American horror film inspired by the doll ** '' Annabelle: Creation'', a 2017 prequel film ** ''Annabelle Comes Home'', a 2019 sequel film * ''Annabelle'' (magazine), a German language women's fashion magazine * Annabel (band), an emo band from Ohio People * Annabelle (given name) * Annabell, stage name for Anna Sedokova, Ukrainian actress and singer * Annabel (Japanese singer) (born 1984) * Annabelle (singer) (born 1967), French singer and actress * Annabel, a stage name for Evelyn Draper in the film ''Play Misty for Me'' * Annabell Blakmore (Tiktok I ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Lipid
Lipids are a broad group of organic compounds which include fats, waxes, sterols, fat-soluble vitamins (such as vitamins A, D, E and K), monoglycerides, diglycerides, phospholipids, and others. The functions of lipids include storing energy, signaling, and acting as structural components of cell membranes. Lipids have applications in the cosmetic and food industries, and in nanotechnology. Lipids are broadly defined as hydrophobic or amphiphilic small molecules; the amphiphilic nature of some lipids allows them to form structures such as vesicles, multilamellar/ unilamellar liposomes, or membranes in an aqueous environment. Biological lipids originate entirely or in part from two distinct types of biochemical subunits or "building-blocks": ketoacyl and isoprene groups. Using this approach, lipids may be divided into eight categories: fatty acyls, glycerolipids, glycerophospholipids, sphingolipids, saccharolipids, and polyketides (derived from condensatio ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Coefficients Of Availability
In mathematics, a coefficient is a multiplicative factor involved in some term of a polynomial, a series, or any other type of expression. It may be a number without units, in which case it is known as a numerical factor. It may also be a constant with units of measurement, in which it is known as a constant multiplier. In general, coefficients may be any expression (including variables such as , and ). When the combination of variables and constants is not necessarily involved in a product, it may be called a ''parameter''. For example, the polynomial 2x^2-x+3 has coefficients 2, −1, and 3, and the powers of the variable x in the polynomial ax^2+bx+c have coefficient parameters a, b, and c. A , also known as constant term or simply constant, is a quantity either implicitly attached to the zeroth power of a variable or not attached to other variables in an expression; for example, the constant coefficients of the expressions above are the number 3 and the parameter ' ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
