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Modatima
Modatima, the “Movement for the Defense of Access to Water, Land and Environmental Protection”, is an organization formed in Chile out of the Province of Petorca Province, Petorca. The organization was created in 2010 as a response to increased water scarcity in the region caused by an ongoing Drought in Chile, drought and alleged water theft by local agribusiness, specifically large-scale avocado farmers. Motadima activists state that their mission is to make visible the conflicts over water in the region at a national scale and bring to light the commodification of water driven by the Water resources management in Chile, 1981 Water Code. Motadima has spoken at universities and held demonstrations across the country for their cause. The organization has expanded their presence to the regions of O'Higgins Region, O’Higgins, Los Lagos Region, Los Lagos, Arica y Parinacota Region, Arica & Parinacota and Metropolitana Region of Chile, Metropolitana. Modatima has also joined La ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Rodrigo Mundaca
Rodrigo Eduardo Alexis Mundaca Cabrera (born 13 May 1961) is a Chilean politician, agricultural engineer and environmental activist. He is the Governor of the Valparaíso Region since July 14, 2021. Mundaca has been director and spokesperson of the environmental organization Modatima. In 2017 he and his partner Verónica Vilches claim to have received death threat A death threat is a threat, often made anonymously, by one person or a group of people to kill another person or group of people. These threats are often designed to intimidate victims in order to manipulate their behaviour, in which case a d ...s for their activism against unfair water extraction by landowners. In 2019 he won the Nuremberg International Human Rights Award. References Living people 1961 births Chilean environmentalists Governors of Valparaíso Region 21st-century Chilean politicians {{environmentalist-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Petorca Water Crisis
200px, View of Petorca in the mid-2010s. Petorca in Chile has experienced a drought as part of the Chilean water crisis since 2010. It is the longest and most intense drought in the area in the last 700 years. By 2018 the Ministry of Public Works had decreed Petorca a "zone of water scarcity" for fourteen years in a row. The drought has mainly affected the lowlands and foothills while many surrounding hills maintain a healthy cover of avocado plantations. Lorena Donaire of the environmental organisation Modatima recalls 1985 as the first year Petorca River dried. The military dictatorship's agrarian counter-reform in the 1970s and 1980s and the Constitution of Chile of 1980 have been blamed for an increased concentration in the ownership of land around Petorca. Further, the Chilean Water Code of 1981 separated the ownership of land from that of water allowing for the ownership of water rights to be more easily concentrated. These legal changes would have allowed a few wealthy l ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Chile
Chile, officially the Republic of Chile, is a country in western South America. It is the southernmost country in the world and the closest to Antarctica, stretching along a narrow strip of land between the Andes, Andes Mountains and the Pacific Ocean. Chile had a population of 17.5 million as of the latest census in 2017 and has a territorial area of , sharing borders with Peru to the north, Bolivia to the northeast, Argentina to the east, and the Drake Passage to the south. The country also controls several Pacific islands, including Juan Fernández Islands, Juan Fernández, Isla Salas y Gómez, Desventuradas Islands, Desventuradas, and Easter Island, and claims about of Antarctica as the Chilean Antarctic Territory. The capital and largest city of Chile is Santiago, and the national language is Spanish language, Spanish. Conquest of Chile, Spain conquered and colonized the region in the mid-16th century, replacing Incas in Central Chile, Inca rule; however, they Arauco War ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Petorca Province
Petorca Province () is one of eight provinces of the central Chilean region of Valparaíso (V). Its capital is the city of La Ligua. Administration As a province, Petorca is a second-level administrative division, governed by a provincial delegate who is appointed by the president. Communes The province comprises five communes ( Spanish: ''comunas''), each governed by a municipality consisting of an alcalde and municipal council: * La Ligua * Cabildo * Zapallar * Papudo * Petorca Geography and demography The province spans an area of , the largest in the Valparaíso Region. According to the 2002 census, Petorca is the second least populous province in the region under Isla de Pascua (Easter Island) with a population of 70,610. At that time, there were 50,289 people living in urban areas, 20,321 people living in rural area In general, a rural area or a countryside is a geographic area that is located outside towns and cities. Typical rural areas have a low population den ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Water Scarcity
Water scarcity (closely related to water stress or water crisis) is the lack of fresh water resources to meet the standard water demand. There are two types of water scarcity. One is ''physical.'' The other is ''economic water scarcity''. Physical water scarcity is where there is not enough water to meet all demands. This includes water needed for ecosystems to function. Regions with a desert climate often face physical water scarcity. Central Asia, West Asia, and North Africa are examples of arid areas. Economic water scarcity results from a lack of investment in infrastructure or technology to draw water from rivers, aquifers, or other water sources. It also results from weak human capacity to meet water demand.Caretta, M.A., A. Mukherji, M. Arfanuzzaman, R.A. Betts, A. Gelfan, Y. Hirabayashi, T.K. Lissner, J. Liu, E. Lopez Gunn, R. Morgan, S. Mwanga, and S. Supratid, 2022Chapter 4: Water InClimate Change 2022: Impacts, Adaptation and Vulnerability. Contribution of Working Grou ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Drought In Chile
Through its history, Chile was regularly affected by droughts. In the more arid parts of Chile droughts are produced when there are low amounts of snow accumulation in the Andes. Chilean coastal drainage basins without snow accumulation are particularly vulnerable to drought. The territory of Central Chile has been affected by long-term droughts in 1280–1450, 1570–1650, 1770–1820 and 2010–present. Historical droughts Drought of 1770–82 The 1770–1782 period was one of general drought in Central Chile with a total of three non-consecutive years of extreme drought. In 1772 vineyards and cropfields along Mapocho River in Santiago could not be irrigated.Urrutia & Lanza 1993, pp. 67-68. This drought led the authorities to begin the construction of the long-planned San Carlos Canal in 1772 to divert water from Maipo River to Mapocho River. Drought of 1924 In 1924 a drought spread between Coquimbo and Maule provinces.Urrutia & Lanza 1993, pp. 201-203. In Coquimbo Province ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Water Resources Management In Chile
Water Resources Management (WRM) in Chile is widely known for its 1981 Water Code—written after General Augusto Pinochet took control through a military coup d'état. Free-market mechanisms became the economic philosophy in WRM, including the development of water markets and tradable water permits. A major reform to the 1981 Water Code was signed in 2005 to address social equity and environmental protection concerns. Water resources management in Chile is shared among the private sector which provides investment for infrastructure and distribution, and agencies provide regulatory oversight, maintain records, and issue water rights. Chile is negotiating formalized agreements with both Bolivia and Argentina to manage shared resources and water storage projects. Chile is also supported in rural water supply with $150 million in loans by the World Bank and the Inter-American Development Bank. Chile has three distinct hydrological regions: # The dry northern regions, including the A ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
O'Higgins Region
The Libertador General Bernardo O'Higgins Region (, ), often shortened to O'Higgins Region (), is one of Chile's 16 first order administrative divisions. It is subdivided into three provinces. It is named in honour of Bernardo O'Higgins Riquelme, one of Chile's founding fathers. The Libertador General Bernardo O'Higgins Region is bordered to the west by the Pacific Ocean, to the east by the Republic of Argentina, to the north by the Valparaíso and Santiago Metropolitan Regions, and to the south by the Maule Region. It extends approximately between the parallels of 33° 51' and 35° 01' south latitude, and between the meridian of 70° 02' west longitude and the Pacific Ocean. The capital and largest city of the region is Rancagua. The second major town is San Fernando. Geography In pre-Quaternary times extensive Nothofagus forests covered much of Libertador General Bernardo O'Higgins Region. The Libertador General Bernardo O'Higgins Region is part ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Los Lagos Region
Los Lagos Region ( , 'Region of the Lakes') is one of regions of Chile, Chile's 16 regions, which are first order administrative divisions, and comprises four provinces: Chiloé Province, Chiloé, Llanquihue Province, Llanquihue, Osorno Province, Osorno and Palena Province, Palena. The region contains the country's second-largest island, Chiloé Island, Chiloé, and the second-largest lake, Llanquihue Lake, Llanquihue. Its capital is Puerto Montt, Chile, Puerto Montt; other important cities include Osorno, Chile, Osorno, Castro, Chile, Castro, Ancud, Chile, Ancud, and Puerto Varas, Chile, Puerto Varas. Los Lagos Region is considered part of Patagonia. Historically, the Huilliche have called this territory between Bueno River and Reloncaví Sound Futahuillimapu, meaning "great land of the south". The region hosts Monte Verde, one of the oldest archaeological sites of the Americas. The largest indigenous group of the region are the Huilliche people, Huilliche who lived in the are ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Arica Y Parinacota Region
The Arica y Parinacota Region ( ) is one of Chile's 16 first order administrative divisions. It comprises two provinces, Arica Province, Arica and Parinacota Province, Parinacota. It borders Peru's Department of Tacna to the north, Bolivia's La Paz Department (Bolivia), La Paz and Oruro Department, Oruro departments to the east and Chile's Tarapacá Region to the south. Arica y Parinacota is the Ranked lists of Chilean regions#By area, 5th smallest, the Ranked lists of Chilean regions#By population, 3rd least populous and the Ranked lists of Chilean regions#By population density, 6th least densely populated of the regions of Chile. Arica is the region's capital and largest city. The region was a former Tarapacá Province (Peru), Peruvian province, which was occupied by Chile under the 1883 Treaty of Ancón at the close of the War of the Pacific, and then formally annexed in 1929 by the Treaty of Lima (1929), Treaty of Lima. Following annexation, Arica y Parinacota went through a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Metropolitana Region Of Chile
Santiago Metropolitan Region () is one of Chile's 16 first-order administrative divisions. It is the country's only landlocked administrative region and contains the nation's capital, Santiago. Most commercial and administrative centers are located in the region, including Chile's main international airport, Arturo Merino Benítez International Airport. With an area of and population over seven million, it is Chile's most populated and most densely populated region. History The region's history of European influence started in 1542, a few days after Santiago was founded. When the Santiago cabildo was built, its function was to supervise the entire territory. Later, with the creation of the cities of La Serena and Concepción and the creation of their respective cabildos, its territorial reach was reduced. On 30 August 1826, 8 provinces were created, with the Santiago Province being one of them, but it wasn't until 1980 that the Metropolitan Region was created. Geography ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
