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Min Saw Mon
Narameikhla Min Saw Mon, ( Arakanese:နရမိတ်လှ မင်းစောမွန်, , Arakanese transliteration: Meng Sao Mwan, Arakanese pronunciation: ; also known as Suleiman Shah; 1380–1433) was the last king of the Launggyet Dynasty and the founder of the Mrauk-U Dynasty of Arakan, a former state in Myanmar (Burma). He became king in 1404 but was driven out of Launggyet in 1406 by Crown Prince Minye Kyawswa of Ava. He sought refuge in the Bengal Sultanate, and later entered the military service of Sultan Jalaluddin Muhammad Shah. In 1429, he reclaimed the Arakanese throne with the help of the sultan, and ruled the kingdom. He founded a new capital, Mrauk-U, in 1430 at a more strategic location. The king died in 1433, and was succeeded by his younger brother Khayi. Early life The future king was born in 1380/81 (742 ME) to Prince Razathu II () and Princess Saw Nyet Htwa () of Launggyet Kingdom, located in modern northern Rakhine State. The young prince w ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] [Amazon] |
List Of Arakanese Monarchs
The following is a list of monarchs of Rakhine State, Arakan, covering the monarchs of the major kingdoms of Arakanese that existed in the present day Rakhine State. For the Dhanyawadi and Waithali Kingdom, Waithali periods, various royal chronicles suggest that the dynasties were likely influenced by Indian rulers, with legends originating it from Sanskrit or Pali sources. These chronicles often connect the rulers to Indian Kingdoms. However, many of these accounts are also a blend of myths and historically based legendary figures, with different chronicles presenting varying dates and lists of kings. Early Periods (2666 BCE) *See List of early and legendary monarchs of Burma#Rulers of Arakan, List of early and legendary monarchs of Arakan Lemro Period (818–1406) Unless otherwise noted, the regnal dates in this section are abbreviated to the first Western calendar year only although the Burmese calendar straddles the Western calendar. For example, the start of King Khi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] [Amazon] |
Administrative Divisions Of Myanmar
Myanmar is divided into 21 administrative divisions, which include #Regions, States, and Union Territory, seven regions, #Regions, States, and Union Territory, seven states, Naypyidaw Union Territory, one union territory, Wa Self-Administered Division, one self-administered division, and self-administered zone, five self-administered zones. Table Following is the table of government subdivisions and its organizational structure based on different regions, states, the union territory, the self-administered division, and the self-administered zones: The regions were called divisions prior to August 2010, and four of them are named after their capital city, the exceptions being Sagaing Region, Ayeyarwady Region and Tanintharyi Region. The regions can be described as ethnically predominantly Bamar people, Burman (Bamar), while the states, the zones and Wa Division are dominated by ethnic minorities. Yangon Region has the largest population and is the most densely populated. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] [Amazon] |
Rakhine Razawin Thit
''Rakhine Razawin Thit'' (, , Arakanese pronunciation: ) is a Burmese chronicle covering the history of Arakan from time immemorial to the First Anglo-Burmese War (1824–1826). The author was Ven. Sandamala Linkara (), the ''Sayadaw'' (Chief Abbot) of Dakhina Vihara Rama Buddhist Monastery in Ranbye Kyun in then British Burma British may refer to: Peoples, culture, and language * British people, nationals or natives of the United Kingdom, British Overseas Territories and Crown Dependencies. * British national identity, the characteristics of British people and cultur .... Published in 1931, it is a compilation of all extant prior Arakanese chronicles in a single narrative.Sandamala Linkara Vol. 1 1997: 12–13 The original 1931 publication consisted of seven volumes. The first four volumes were published in a single enlarged volume in 1997 and the remaining three were published in another enlarged volume in 1999.See publication information sections in (Sandamala Linkara 199 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] [Amazon] |
Arakanese Chronicle
The royal chronicles of Myanmar ( ; also known as Burmese chronicles) are detailed and continuous chronicles of the monarchy of Myanmar (Burma). The chronicles were written on different media such as parabaik paper, palm leaf, and stone; they were composed in different literary styles such as prose, verse, and chronograms. Palm-leaf manuscripts written in prose are those that are commonly referred to as the chronicles. Other royal records include administrative treatises and precedents, legal treatises and precedents, and censuses. The chronicle tradition was maintained in the country's four historical polities: Upper Burma, Lower Burma, Arakan and the Shan states. The majority of the chronicles did not survive the country's numerous wars as well as the test of time. The most complete extant chronicles are those of Upper Burma-based dynasties, with the earliest extant chronicle dating from the 1280s and the first standard national chronicle from the 1720s. The subject matter ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] [Amazon] |
Razadarit
Razadarit (, ; , or ; also spelled Yazadarit, "king of kings"; 1368–1421) was king of Kingdom of Hanthawaddy, Hanthawaddy Pegu from 1384 to 1421. He successfully unified his Mon language, Mon-speaking kingdom, and fended off major assaults by the Burmese language, Burmese-speaking Kingdom of Ava, Ava Kingdom (Inwa) in the Forty Years' War. The king also instituted an administrative system that left his successors with a far more integrated kingdom. He is one of the most famous List of Burmese monarchs, kings in Burmese history. Razadarit came to power at 16 after a rebellion against his father King Binnya U (r. 1348–1384), barely controlling the Pegu province. By his sheer will and military leadership, the young king not only defeated Ava's Ava–Hanthawaddy War (1385–1391), first wave of invasions (1385–1391) but also unified his kingdom in the process. After presiding over Pegu's emergence as a regional power, he twice renewed the war with Ava in the 1400s, and outla ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] [Amazon] |
Thandwe
Thandwe ("Thandway" in Arakanese; ; formerly Sandoway), historically called Dwaraddy, is a town and major seaport in Rakhine State, the westernmost part of Myanmar. Recent history During the Myanmar civil war, the town was the site of clashes between the Arakan Army and Myanmar's military, with the Arakan Army taking control of Ngapali Beach and several military outposts surrounding the town. According to reports, the Arakan Army seized the town's prison on 15 July 2024, with the town's remaining military battalions falling the next day and giving the Arakan Army full control of the town. Geography Thandwe is very ancient, and is said to have been at one time the capital of Rakhine State, then called Arakan. The district has an area of . The area is mountainous, and spurs of the Arakan Mountains reach the coast. Some of the peaks in the north are over high. The streams are only mountain torrents to within a few miles of the coast; the mouth of the Khwa forms a good anchorage fo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] [Amazon] |
Kalay
Kalay (; , ''Kalü''), also known as Kale, is a town in the Sagaing Region of Myanmar. It is located upstream from Mandalay and Monywa on the Myittha River, a tributary of the Chindwin River. The town is the district headquarters of the Kalay District. It has gained importance with trans border movement enabled between Myanmar and India following the Tamu, Myanmar, Tamu–Kalay section of India–Myanmar–Thailand Trilateral Highway built by the Border Roads Organization of India under the India–Myanmar barrier#Look-East Connectivity, Look-East Connectivity policy. Consequently, Kalay is now one of the fastest developing towns in Myanmar. Kalay has several notable prisons, to which people from all across the region are transported. Etymology The earlier name of the town ‘Karlaymyo,’ renamed now as ‘Kalaymyo,’ means “a town surrounded by four satellite towns” in the Burmese language. "Kalaymyo" means "town of children" in Burmese. History According to tradition, Kal ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] [Amazon] |
Minkhaung I
Minkhaung I of Ava ( ; also spelled Mingaung; 1373–1421) was king of Ava Kingdom, Ava from 1400 to 1421. He is best remembered in History of Myanmar, Burmese history for his epic struggles against King Razadarit of Hanthawaddy Kingdom, Hanthawaddy Pegu in the Forty Years' War (1385–1424). As king, Minkhaung continued his father Swa Saw Ke's policy to restore the Pagan Empire. Under the military leadership of his eldest son Minye Kyawswa, Ava nearly succeeded. While he ultimately failed to conquer Hanthawaddy and Launggyet Kingdom, Launggyet Arakan, he was able to bring in most of cis-Salween Shan states to the Ava orbit. Early life The future king was born in a small village called Kanbalu Township, Gazun-Nyeint (present-day northern Sagaing Region) on 13 September 1373. His father King Swa Saw Ke of Ava Kingdom, Ava had met his commoner mother Saw Beza earlier in the year during a military campaign against Mohnyin.Maha Yazawin Vol. 1 2006: 285Hmannan Vol. 1 2003: 410 Chro ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] [Amazon] |
Forty Years' War
The Forty Years' War (; 1385 – 1423; also Ava–Pegu War or the Mon–Burmese War) was a military war fought between the Burmese-speaking Kingdom of Ava and the Mon-speaking Kingdom of Hanthawaddy. The war was fought during two separate periods: 1385 to 1391, and 1401 to 1424, interrupted by two truces of 1391–1401 and 1403–1408. It was fought primarily in today's Lower Burma and also in Upper Burma, Shan State, and Rakhine State. It ended in a stalemate, preserving the independence of Hanthawaddy, and effectively ending Ava's efforts to rebuild the erstwhile Pagan Kingdom. First half The war's origins can be traced to Hanthawaddy Pegu's political turmoil, which intensified after King Razadarit's rise to power in 1384 through a rebellion against his ailing father. Governor Smin Sam Lek of Donwun and Viceroys Laukpya of Myaungmya and Byattaba of Martaban refused to recognize the new king. Laukpya would invite King Swa Saw Ke of the Ava Kingdom to ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] [Amazon] |
Saw Mon II Of Launggyet
A saw is a tool consisting of a tough blade, wire, or chain with a hard toothed edge used to cut through material. Various terms are used to describe toothed and abrasive saws. Saws began as serrated materials, and when mankind learned how to use iron, it became the preferred material for saw blades of all kinds. There are numerous types of hand saws and mechanical saws, and different types of blades and cuts. Description A saw is a tool consisting of a tough blade, wire, or chain with a hard toothed edge. It is used to cut through material, very often wood, though sometimes metal or stone. Terminology A number of terms are used to describe saws. Kerf The narrow channel left behind by the saw and (relatedly) the measure of its width is known as the kerf. As such, it also refers to the wasted material that is turned into sawdust, and becomes a factor in measurements when making cuts. For example, cutting an 8-foot (2.4 meter) piece of wood into 1 foot (30 cm) secti ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] [Amazon] |
Jalaluddin Muhammad Shah
Jalaluddin Muhammad Shah (; born as Jadu/যদু) was a 15th-century Sultan of Bengal and an important figure in medieval Bengali history. Born a Hindu to his aristocratic father Raja Ganesha, the patriarch of the Ganesha dynasty, he assumed the throne of Bengal after a coup which overthrew the Ilyas Shahi dynasty. He converted to Islam and ruled the Bengal Sultanate for 16 years. As a Muslim king, he brought Kingdom of Arakan, Arakan under Bengali suzerainty and consolidated the kingdom's domestic administrative centres. He pursued relations with the Timurid Empire, Mamluk Egypt and Ming China. Bengal grew in wealth and population during his reign. He also combined Bengali and Islamic architecture. First phase (1415–1416) According to Goron and Goenka, Raja Ganesha seized control over Bengal soon after the death of Shihabuddin Bayazid Shah, Sultan Bayazid (1412–1414). Facing an imminent threat of invasion at the behest of a powerful Muslim holy man named Nur Qutb Alam, he ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] [Amazon] |
