|
Mesannepada
Mesannepada (, [MES-AN-NE2-PAD3-DA]), Mesh-Ane-pada or Mes-Anne-pada ("Youngling chosen by An"; died ) was the first king listed for the First Dynasty of Ur on the Sumerian king list. He is listed to have ruled for 80 years, having overthrown Lugal-kitun of Uruk: "Sumerian King List, Then Unug (Uruk) was defeated and the kingship was taken to Urim (Ur)". In one of his seals, found in the Royal Cemetery at Ur, he is also described as king of Kish (Sumer), Kish. Filiation The "Treasure of Ur" discovered in Mari Mesannepada was a son of Meskalamdug. A lapis-lazuli bead with the name of King Meskalamdug was found in Mari, Syria, Mari, in the so-called "Treasure of Ur", and reads:Description with photograph: File:UNESCO Lapis lazuli bead, National Museum of Damascus, Syria.jpg, The lapis lazuli bead from Mari, National Museum of Damascus, Syria ("King of Ur", side) File:Mesannepada bead from Mari.jpg, Transcription of the Mari bead Initially, it was thought that this bead (re ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mesannepada Seal Drawing
Mesannepada (, ES-AN-NE2-PAD3-DA, Mesh-Ane-pada or Mes-Anne-pada ("Youngling chosen by An"; died ) was the first king listed for the First Dynasty of Ur on the Sumerian king list. He is listed to have ruled for 80 years, having overthrown Lugal-kitun of Uruk: " Then Unug (Uruk) was defeated and the kingship was taken to Urim (Ur)". In one of his seals, found in the Royal Cemetery at Ur, he is also described as king of Kish. Filiation The "Treasure of Ur" discovered in Mari Mesannepada was a son of Meskalamdug. A lapis-lazuli bead with the name of King Meskalamdug was found in Mari, in the so-called "Treasure of Ur", and reads:Description with photograph: File:UNESCO Lapis lazuli bead, National Museum of Damascus, Syria.jpg, The lapis lazuli bead from Mari, National Museum of Damascus, Syria ("King of Ur", side) File:Mesannepada bead from Mari.jpg, Transcription of the Mari bead Initially, it was thought that this bead (reference M. 4439) referred to a gift by Mesanne ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Royal Cemetery At Ur
The Royal Cemetery at Ur is an archaeological site in modern-day Dhi Qar Governorate in southern Iraq. The initial excavations at Ur took place between 1922 and 1934 under the direction of Leonard Woolley in association with the British Museum and the University of Pennsylvania Penn Museum , Museum of Archaeology and Anthropology in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States. Many finds are now in museums, especially the Iraq Museum, Baghdad and the British Museum. Discovery The process was begun in 1922 by digging trial trenches, in order for the archaeologists to get an idea of the layout of the ancient city that would be documented in drawings by Katharine Woolley. In one trench where initially nothing was discovered, head archaeologist Leonard Woolley decided to dig deeper. There, clay vases, limestone bowls, small bronze objects, and assorted beads were found. Woolley thought that there may have been gold beads and, to entice the workers to turn them in when found, Woolley o ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Meskalamdug
Meskalamdug (, ''Meskalamdùg'' es-KALAM-du10/small> "hero of the good land"; ) was an early Sumerian ruler of the First Dynasty of Ur in the 26th century BCE. He does not appear in the ''Sumerian King List'', but is known from a royal cylinder seal found in the Royal Cemetery at Ur, a royal bead inscription found in Mari, both mentioning him as King, and possibly his tomb, grave PG 755 at the Royal Cemetery at Ur. It has been suggested that Puabi may have been his second queen. Royal seal The existence of a "King Meskalamdug" is known for certain, from a seal discovered at the Royal Cemetery of Ur (cylinder seal U 11751, discovered in the tomb of a queen, PG 1054), which bears the title ''Meskalamdug Lugal'' () "King Meskalamdug". The same name of "Meskalamdug" has been found inscribed on the grave goods of tomb PG 755 at the Royal Cemetery of Ur, but without the title "King", which has raised doubts about the identification of King Meskalamdug with the young man found in ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ansud
Ansud (also read as Ianupu, Yanup, Anubu, Gansud, Anusu and Hanusum; died 2416 BC), was an early king (Lugal) of the second Mariote kingdom. Ansud is known for warring against the Eblaites from a letter written by the later Mariote king Enna-Dagan. Reign Identity It has been proposed that a bead (reference M. 4439) discovered at Mari, was sent as a gift by Mesannepada of Ur to king "Hanusum" (Gansud) of Mari. This has now been corrected with new translations only giving Mesannepada as son of Meskalamdug:Description with photograph: It is unclear how this bead came to be in Mari, but this points to some kind of relation between Ur and Mari at that time. The bead was discovered in a jar containing other objects from Ur or Kish. The letter of Enna-Dagan is extremely difficult to read, and the word "Sa'umu" appeared in three passages of it. In the second and third passages, the word referred to Ansud's successor Sa'umu. However, in the first passage, "Sa'umu" was read as a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
A'annepada
A'annepada (; ) was a king of the First Dynasty of Ur. He was a son of Mesannepada. It is thought that his tomb may be tomb PG 580 in the Royal Cemetery at Ur. Votive tablets Several tablets are known that bear his name, in particular dedicated to Ninhursag, and proclaiming Mesannepada as his father: Foundation cone A foundation cone in a copper alloy was found in Ur, bearing the name of "King A'annepada" in a dedication for Inanna, now in the British Museum (BM 90951). The cone was discovered by John George Taylor, John Taylor in 1854 during his excavations in Ur. It has a length of 34.3 centimeters, a diameter of 3.7 centimeters, and weighs 1.7 kilograms. According to the British Museum, it was found together with two other objects, a carved stone with handle and a lapis lazuli portrait, which together probably formed a foundation deposit.:File:Artifacts from Third Dynasty of Ur.jpg, Museum notice The actual content of the inscription had been overlooked, until it was publi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Meskiagnun
Meskiagnun, also Mesh-ki-ang-Nanna (, ''Meskiag̃nun'' es-ki-aŋ₂-nun also , ''Meskiag̃nunna'' Dmes-ki-aŋ₂-nun-na">dingir.html" ;"title="sup>dingir">Dmes-ki-aŋ₂-nun-na ), was the fourth lugal or king of the First Dynasty of Ur, according to the ''Sumerian King List'', which states he ruled for 36 years. Bowl dedication Meskiagnun is mentioned in two bowl dedications by his wife Gan-Saman, with the same inscription: Records of temple dedication to the gods in the Tummal inscription He is also mentioned in the Tummal Inscription with his father Mesannepada, as restoring the Tummal shrine to Enlil and Ninlil in Nippur after it had "fallen into ruin": Chronological discrepancies The Tummal inscription attests to a relative date for Meskiagnun and his father between Enmebaragesi and Gilgamesh, whereas the ''Sumerian King List'' dates the father and son pair generations after Enmebaragesi and Gilgamesh. Samuel Noah Kramer Samuel Noah Kramer (September 28, 1897 – N ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kish (Sumer)
Kish (Sumerian language, Sumerian: Kiš; transliteration: :wikt:𒆧, KišKi (earth), ki; cuneiform: ; , near modern Tell al-Uhaymir) is an important archaeological site in Babil Governorate (Iraq), located south of Baghdad and east of the ancient city of Babylon. The Ubaid period site of Ras al-Amiyah is away. It was occupied from the Ubaid period to the Hellenistic period. In Early Dynastic times the city's patron deity was Ishtar with her consort Ea (Babylonian god), Ea. Her temple, at Tell Ingharra, was (E)-hursag-kalama. By Old Babylonian times the patron deity, patron deities had become Zababa, along with his consort, the goddess Bau (goddess), Bau and Istar. His temple Emeteursag (later Ekišiba) was at Uhaimir. History Kish was occupied from the Ubaid period (c.5300–4300 BC), gaining prominence as one of the pre-eminent powers in the region during the Early Dynastic Period (Mesopotamia), Early Dynastic Period when it reached its maximum extent of 230 hectares. [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sumerian King List
The ''Sumerian King List'' (abbreviated ''SKL'') or ''Chronicle of the One Monarchy'' is an ancient Composition (language), literary composition written in Sumerian language, Sumerian that was likely created and redacted to legitimize the claims to power of various city-states and kingdoms in southern Mesopotamia during the late third and early second millennium BC. It does so by repetitively listing Sumerian cities, the kings that ruled there, and the lengths of their reigns. Especially in the early part of the list, these reigns often span thousands of years. In the oldest known version, dated to the Third Dynasty of Ur, Ur III period () but probably based on Akkadian Empire, Akkadian source material, the ''SKL'' reflected a more linear transition of power from Kish (Sumer), Kish, the first city to receive kingship, to Akkad (city), Akkad. In later versions from the Old Babylonian Empire, Old Babylonian period, the list consisted of a large number of cities between which kingshi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Akalamdug
Akalamdug (, A-KALAM-DUG; ) was an early ruler of the First Dynasty of Ur in the 26th century BCE. He does not appear in the ''Sumerian King List'', but is known from his tomb (Tomb 1332) and an inscription at the Royal Cemetery at Ur. He may have been the father of Meskalamdug, as suggested by the similarity of their names and the chronological proximity of their graves. Alternatively, he may have been the son of Meskalamdug, and therefore brother of the great ruler Mesannepada. Artefacts Several artefacts are known from tomb 1332 at the Royal Cemetery at Ur, such as bull heads and decorated shell plaques from a lyre. Inscription related to Akalamdug at the Ur Royal Cemetery.jpg, Inscription related to Akalamdug at the Royal Cemetery at Ur: ".. Ur King Akalamdug" File:Lyre inlay of shell from the royal cemetery of Ur 2550-2450 BCE.jpg, Shell plaque from a lyre, found in tomb PG 1332, Ur Royal Cemetery See also *Sumer *History of Sumer *Royal Cemetery at Ur *Near Eastern ar ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sumerian King List
The ''Sumerian King List'' (abbreviated ''SKL'') or ''Chronicle of the One Monarchy'' is an ancient Composition (language), literary composition written in Sumerian language, Sumerian that was likely created and redacted to legitimize the claims to power of various city-states and kingdoms in southern Mesopotamia during the late third and early second millennium BC. It does so by repetitively listing Sumerian cities, the kings that ruled there, and the lengths of their reigns. Especially in the early part of the list, these reigns often span thousands of years. In the oldest known version, dated to the Third Dynasty of Ur, Ur III period () but probably based on Akkadian Empire, Akkadian source material, the ''SKL'' reflected a more linear transition of power from Kish (Sumer), Kish, the first city to receive kingship, to Akkad (city), Akkad. In later versions from the Old Babylonian Empire, Old Babylonian period, the list consisted of a large number of cities between which kingshi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Gilgamesh
Gilgamesh (, ; ; originally ) was a hero in ancient Mesopotamian mythology and the protagonist of the ''Epic of Gilgamesh'', an epic poem written in Akkadian during the late 2nd millennium BC. He was possibly a historical king of the Sumerian city-state of Uruk, who was posthumously deified. His rule probably would have taken place sometime in the beginning of the Early Dynastic Period, 2900–2350 BC, though he became a major figure in Sumerian legend during the Third Dynasty of Ur (). Tales of Gilgamesh's legendary exploits are narrated in five surviving Sumerian poems. The earliest of these is likely "Gilgamesh, Enkidu, and the Netherworld", in which Gilgamesh comes to the aid of the goddess Inanna and drives away the creatures infesting her ''huluppu'' tree. She gives him two unknown objects, a ''mikku'' and a ''pikku'', which he loses. After Enkidu's death, his shade tells Gilgamesh about the bleak conditions in the Underworld. The poem '' Gilgamesh and Aga'' de ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Lugal-kitun
Lugal-kitun (, ; (died 2510 BC) was the 12th and last lugal of the first Dynasty of Uruk. He ruled in Mesopotamia in what is now Iraq. Little is known about Lugal-kitun. According to the ''Sumerian King List'', he reigned for 36 years. Lugal-kitun was overthrown by Mesannepada of Ur, ending the First Dynasty of Uruk and founding the First Dynasty of Ur. See also *History of Sumer The history of Sumer spans through the 5th to 3rd millennia BCE in southern Mesopotamia, and is taken to include the prehistoric Ubaid period, Ubaid and Uruk period, Uruk periods. Sumer was the region's earliest known civilization and ended with ... , - References 26th-century BC Sumerian kings Kings of Uruk 3rd-millennium BC births 3rd-millennium BC deaths {{AncientNearEast-bio-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
