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Mensú
Mensú, also known as mineros, were indentured laborers of the rural, jungle yerba mate plantations in the Alto Paraná Department of Paraguay and Argentina from 1880 to 1950. Their inhospitable work conditions were the subject of social critics Rafael Barrett and Leopoldo Ramos Giménez Leopoldo Ramos Giménez was a libertarian anarchist and poet from Paraguay. He was a prominent critic of mensú yerba mate Yerba mate or yerba maté (), ''Ilex paraguariensis'', is a plant species of the holly genus native to South Ameri .... The term ''mensú'' comes from ''mensualero'', meaning "paid monthly". References {{reflist Indentured servitude in the Americas Yerba mate Labor in Paraguay Labor in Argentina ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Yerba Mate
Yerba mate or yerba maté (), ''Ilex paraguariensis'', is a plant species of the holly genus native to South America. It was named by the French botanist Augustin Saint-Hilaire. The leaves of the plant can be steeped in hot water to make a beverage known as mate (drink), mate. Brewed cold, it is used to make ''tereré''. Both the plant and the beverage contain caffeine. The indigenous Guaraní people, Guaraní and some Tupi people, Tupi communities (whose territory covered present-day Paraguay) first cultivated and consumed yerba mate prior to European colonization of the Americas. Its consumption was exclusive to the natives of only two regions of the territory that today is Paraguay, more specifically the departments of Amambay Department, Amambay and Alto Paraná Department, Alto Paraná. After the Jesuits discovered its commercialization potential, yerba mate became widespread throughout the province and even elsewhere in the Spanish Crown. Mate is traditionally consumed i ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Alto Paraná Department
The musical term alto, meaning "high" in Italian (Latin: '' altus''), historically refers to the contrapuntal part higher than the tenor and its associated vocal range. In four-part voice leading alto is the second-highest part, sung in choruses by either low women's or high men's voices. In vocal classification these are usually called contralto and male alto or countertenor. Etymology In choral music for mixed voices, "alto" describes the lowest part commonly sung by women. The explanation for the anomaly of this name is to be found not in the use of adult falsettists in choirs of men and boys but further back in innovations in composition during the mid-15th century. Before this time it was usual to write a melodic ''cantus'' or ''superius'' against a tenor (from Latin ''tenere'', to hold) or 'held' part, to which might be added a contratenor, which was in counterpoint with (in other words, against = contra) the tenor. The composers of Ockeghem's generation wrote tw ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Paraguay
Paraguay, officially the Republic of Paraguay, is a landlocked country in South America. It is bordered by Argentina to the Argentina–Paraguay border, south and southwest, Brazil to the Brazil–Paraguay border, east and northeast, and Bolivia to the northwest. It has a population of around 6.1 million, nearly 2.3 million of whom live in the Capital city, capital and largest city of Asunción, and its surrounding metro area. Spanish conquistadores arrived in 1524, and in 1537 established the city of Asunción, the first capital of the Governorate of the Río de la Plata. During the 17th century, Paraguay was the center of Reductions, Jesuit missions, where the native Guaraní people were converted to Christianity and introduced to European culture. After the Suppression of the Society of Jesus, expulsion of the Jesuits from Spanish territories in 1767, Paraguay increasingly became a peripheral colony. Following Independence of Paraguay, independence from Spain ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Argentina
Argentina, officially the Argentine Republic, is a country in the southern half of South America. It covers an area of , making it the List of South American countries by area, second-largest country in South America after Brazil, the fourth-largest country in the Americas, and the List of countries and dependencies by area, eighth-largest country in the world. Argentina shares the bulk of the Southern Cone with Chile to the west, and is also bordered by Bolivia and Paraguay to the north, Brazil to the northeast, Uruguay and the South Atlantic Ocean to the east, and the Drake Passage to the south. Argentina is a Federation, federal state subdivided into twenty-three Provinces of Argentina, provinces, and one autonomous city, which is the federal capital and List of cities in Argentina by population, largest city of the nation, Buenos Aires. The provinces and the capital have their own constitutions, but exist under a Federalism, federal system. Argentina claims sovereignty ov ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Rafael Barrett
Rafael Ángel Jorge Julián Barrett y Álvarez de Toledo (1876–1910) was a Spanish journalist and writer, and a major figure in 20th century Paraguayan literature. Biography Rafael Barrett was born on 7 January 1876, in the Cantabrian city of Torrelavega; he was the son of the Englishman George Barrett and Carmen Alvarez de Toledo, whose family had distant links to the Spanish nobility. In his early life, Barrett studied languages and learned how to play the piano. He began a degree in engineering at university in Madrid, which he did not complete. When he was 26 years old, he moved to Latin America, where he sought to engage with causes for social justice. In 1903, Barrett settled in the Buenos Aires, Argentina, where he worked as a journalist. For ''El Diario Español'', he wrote of the extreme class stratification he witnessed in the Argentine capital, declaring: "At that moment I understood the greatness of the anarchist’s cause, and came to admire the magnificent joy w ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Leopoldo Ramos Giménez
Leopoldo Ramos Giménez was a libertarian anarchist and poet from Paraguay. He was a prominent critic of mensú yerba mate Yerba mate or yerba maté (), ''Ilex paraguariensis'', is a plant species of the holly genus native to South America. It was named by the French botanist Augustin Saint-Hilaire. The leaves of the plant can be steeped in hot water to make a bev ... plantation worker treatment, and was wounded in an assassination attempt in 1916. Selected works * ''Piras sagradas'', Asunción, 1917 - (Sacred pyres) * ''Eros, Asunción'', 1918 - (Eros) * ''Alas y sombras'', Buenos Aires, 1919 - (Wings and shadows) * ''Cantos del solar heroico'', Asunción, 1920 - (Heroic songs of the sun) * ''Canto a las palmeras de Río de Janeiro'', Río de Janeiro, 1932. - (Song of the palms of Rio de Janeiro) Collection of de verses. * ''Tabla de sangre'', libro de combate, contra el régimen de esclavitud imperante en los yerbales y obrajes del Alto Paraná, Asunción, 1919 - (T ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Indentured Servitude In The Americas
Indentured servitude in British America was the prominent system of labor in the British American colonies until it was eventually supplanted by slavery. During its time, the system was so prominent that more than half of all immigrants to British colonies south of New England were white servants, and that nearly half of total white immigration to the Thirteen Colonies came under indenture. By the beginning of the American Revolutionary War in 1775, only 2 to 3 percent of the colonial labor force was composed of indentured servants. The consensus view among economic historians and economists is that indentured servitude became popular in the Thirteen Colonies in the seventeenth century because of a large demand for labor there, coupled with labor surpluses in Europe and high costs of transatlantic transportation beyond the means of European workers. Between the 1630s and the American Revolution, one-half to two-thirds of white immigrants to the Thirteen Colonies arrived under inde ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Yerba Mate
Yerba mate or yerba maté (), ''Ilex paraguariensis'', is a plant species of the holly genus native to South America. It was named by the French botanist Augustin Saint-Hilaire. The leaves of the plant can be steeped in hot water to make a beverage known as mate (drink), mate. Brewed cold, it is used to make ''tereré''. Both the plant and the beverage contain caffeine. The indigenous Guaraní people, Guaraní and some Tupi people, Tupi communities (whose territory covered present-day Paraguay) first cultivated and consumed yerba mate prior to European colonization of the Americas. Its consumption was exclusive to the natives of only two regions of the territory that today is Paraguay, more specifically the departments of Amambay Department, Amambay and Alto Paraná Department, Alto Paraná. After the Jesuits discovered its commercialization potential, yerba mate became widespread throughout the province and even elsewhere in the Spanish Crown. Mate is traditionally consumed i ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Labor In Paraguay
Labour or labor may refer to: * Childbirth, the delivery of a baby * Labour (human activity), or work ** Manual labour, physical work ** Wage labour, a socioeconomic relationship between a worker and an employer ** Organized labour and the labour movement, consisting principally of labour unions ** Labour Party or Labor Party, a name used by several political parties Literature * ''Labor'' (journal), an American quarterly on the history of the labor movement * ''Labour/Le Travail'', an academic journal focusing on the Canadian labour movement * ''Labor'' (Tolstoy book) or ''The Triumph of the Farmer or Industry and Parasitism'' (1888) Places * La Labor, Honduras * Labor, Koper, Slovenia Other uses * ''Labour'' (song), 2023 single by Paris Paloma * ''Labor'' (album), a 2013 album by MEN * Labor (area), a Spanish customary unit * "Labor", an episode of TV series '' Superstore'' * Labour (constituency), a functional constituency in Hong Kong elections * Labors, fictional ro ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
