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Mazatec Shamans
The Mazatec Shamans are known for their ritual use of psilocybin mushrooms, psychoactive morning glory seeds, and ''Salvia divinorum''. María Sabina was one of the best known of the Mazatec Shamans. Her healing psilocybin mushroom ceremonies, called '' veladas'', contributed to the popularization of indigenous Mexican ritual use of entheogen Entheogens are psychoactive substances that induce alterations in perception, mood, consciousness, cognition, or behavior for the purposes of engendering spiritual development or otherwiseRätsch, Christian, ''The Encyclopedia of Psychoact ...ic mushrooms among westerners. In their rituals, Mazatec shamans use fresh ''Salvia divinorum'' leaves. Ritual use traditionally involves being in a quiet place after ingestion of the leaf—the Maztec shamans say that "La Maria (''S. divinorum'') speaks with a quiet voice." Reisfield 1993, The Barrier to Fertility. There is little information concerning the Mazatec people generally before the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Psilocybin Mushroom
Psilocybin mushrooms, commonly known as magic mushrooms, are a polyphyletic informal group of fungi that contain psilocybin which turns into psilocin upon ingestion. Biological genera containing psilocybin mushrooms include ''Psilocybe'', '' Panaeolus'' (including '' Copelandia''), '' Inocybe'', '' Pluteus'', '' Gymnopilus'', and '' Pholiotina''. Psilocybin mushrooms have been and continue to be used in indigenous New World cultures in religious, divinatory, or spiritual contexts. Psilocybin mushrooms are also used as recreational drugs. They may be depicted in Stone Age rock art in Africa and Europe, but are most famously represented in the Pre-Columbian sculptures and glyphs seen throughout North, Central and South America. History Early Prehistoric rock arts near Villar del Humo in Spain, suggests that ''Psilocybe hispanica'' was used in religious rituals 6,000 years ago. The hallucinogenic species of the Psilocybe genus have a history of use among the native peopl ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Morning Glory
Morning glory (also written as morning-glory) is the common name for over 1,000 species of flowering plants in the family Convolvulaceae, whose current taxonomy and systematics are in flux. Morning glory species belong to many genus, genera, some of which are: * ''Argyreia'' * ''Astripomoea'' * ''Calystegia'' * ''Convolvulus'' * ''Ipomoea'' (the largest genus) * ''Lepistemon'' * ''Merremia'' * ''Operculina'' * ''Rivea'' * ''Stictocardia'' As the name suggests, most ''morning'' glory flowers unfurl into full bloom in the early morning. The flowers usually start to fade a few hours before the corolla begins to display visible curling. They prefer full solar exposure throughout the day, and Mesic habitat, mesic soils. Some morning glories, such as ''Ipomoea muricata'', ''Ipomoea alba'', and ''Ipomoea macrorhiza'', are night-blooming flowers. History ''Ipomoea nil'', a species of morning glory, was first known in China for its medicinal uses, due to the laxative properties of i ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Salvia Divinorum
''Salvia divinorum'' (Latin: "sage of the diviners"; also called ska maría pastora, seer's sage, yerba de la pastora, magic mint or simply salvia) is a plant species with transient psychoactive properties when its leaves are consumed by chewing, smoking, or as a tea. The leaves contain opioid-like compounds that induce hallucinations. Because the plant has not been well-studied in high-quality clinical research, little is known about its toxicology, adverse effects, or safety over long-term consumption. Its native habitat is cloud forest in the isolated Sierra Mazateca of Oaxaca, Mexico, where it grows in shady, moist locations. Valdes 1987, p. 106. The plant grows to over a meter high, has hollow square stems like others in the mint family Lamiaceae, large leaves, and occasional white flowers with violet calyxes. Botanists have not determined whether ''Salvia divinorum'' is a cultigen or a hybrid because native plants reproduce vegetatively and rarely produce viable ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
María Sabina
María Sabina Magdalena García (22 July 1894 – 22 November 1985) was a Mazatec '' curandera'', shaman and poet who lived in Huautla de Jiménez, a town in the Sierra Mazateca area of the Mexican state of Oaxaca in southern Mexico."Sabina Rothenberg 2003, p. x Her healing sacred mushroom ceremonies, called ''veladas'', were based on the use of psilocybin mushrooms, particularly ''Psilocybe caerulescens'', a sacred mushroom important to the Mazatecs. María Sabina's veladas contributed to the popularization of indigenous Mexican ritual use of entheogenic mushrooms among westerners, though this was not her intent. Life and death María Sabina was born outside of Huautla de Jiménez in the Sierra Mazateca toward the end of the 19th century. Though Sabina herself was not sure, she believed her birth year was 1894. Her parents were both '' campesinos''; her mother was María Concepción, while her father, Crisanto Feliciano, died from an illness when she was three years old. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mazatec People
The Mazatec are an indigenous people of Mexico who inhabit the Sierra Mazateca in the state of Oaxaca and some communities in the adjacent states of Puebla and Veracruz. Language family The Mazatecan languages are part of the Popolocan family which, in turn, is part of the Otomanguean language family. Post-colonial period The Mazatecs' religion represents a syncretism of traditional beliefs with Christian beliefs brought by the Spanish conquistadors. Traditional religious rituals Mazatec tradition includes the cultivation of entheogens for spiritual and ritualistic use. Plants and fungi used for this purpose include psilocybin mushrooms, psychoactive morning glory seeds (from species such as '' Ipomoea tricolor'' and ''Ipomoea corymbosa''), and perhaps most significant to the Mazatecs, ''Salvia divinorum''. This latter plant is known to Mazatec shamans as ''ska María Pastora'', the name containing a reference to the Virgin Mary.Valdés ''et al.'' (1983) Notable Maza ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Velada (Mazatec Ritual)
Velada is the name of the healing vigils carried out by Mazatec ''curanderos'' (such as María Sabina). The rituals involved the use of psilocybin (magic mushrooms) or ''Salvia divinorum'' to commune with God and experience enlightenment. History In May 1957, the banker and ethnomycologist R. Gordon Wasson published an article in the ''Life'', ''Seeking the Magic Mushroom'', describing his first experience consuming the mushroom and following the Velada of a shaman back in 1955. He claimed to be among the two first modern Western men to follow a traditional Velada ritual on psilocybin. His tale inspired a generation of «mycotourists» seeking to experience the authentic Mazatec Veladas.Paja FaudreeSinging for the Dead: The Politics of Indigenous Revival in Mexico ''Duke University Press'', 29 May 2013Wesley ThoricathaHistory of Psychedelics: How the Mazatec Tribe Brought Entheogens to the World ''Psychedelictims.com'', 28 October 2015 Wasson's curandero was Maria Sabina. She was se ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Entheogen
Entheogens are psychoactive substances that induce alterations in perception, mood, consciousness, cognition, or behavior for the purposes of engendering spiritual development or otherwiseRätsch, Christian, ''The Encyclopedia of Psychoactive Plants: Ethnopharmacology and Its Applications'' pub. Park Street Press 2005 in sacred contexts. Anthropological study has established that entheogens are used for religious, magical, shamanic, or spiritual purposes in many parts of the world. Entheogens have traditionally been used to supplement many diverse practices geared towards achieving transcendence, including divination, meditation, yoga, sensory deprivation, healings, asceticism, prayer, trance, rituals, chanting, imitation of sounds, hymns like peyote songs, drumming, and ecstatic dance. The psychedelic experience is often compared to non-ordinary forms of consciousness such as those experienced in meditation, near-death experiences, and mystical experiences. Ego d ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Westerners
The Western world, also known as the West, primarily refers to the various nations and states in the regions of Europe, North America, and Oceania.Western Civilization Our Tradition; James Kurth; accessed 30 August 2011 The Western world is also known as the (from the word ''occidēns'' "setting down, sunset, west") in contrast to the known as the |
Shamanism Of The Americas
Shamanism is a religious practice that involves a practitioner (shaman) interacting with what they believe to be a Spirit world (Spiritualism), spirit world through Altered state of consciousness, altered states of consciousness, such as trance. The goal of this is usually to direct Non-physical entity, spirits or Energy (esotericism), spiritual energies into the physical world for the purpose of healing, divination, or to aid human beings in some other way. Beliefs and practices categorized as "shamanic" have attracted the interest of scholars from a variety of disciplines, including anthropologists, archeologists, historians, religious studies scholars, philosophers and psychologists. Hundreds of books and Academic publishing#Scholarly paper, academic papers on the subject have been produced, with a peer-reviewed academic journal being devoted to the study of shamanism. In the 20th century, non-Indigenous Peoples, Indigenous Westerners involved in countercultural movements, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
