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Martín Sombra
Elí Mejía Mendoza (1938 – May 19, 2025) better known by his alias Martín Sombra was a Colombian guerrilla, and member of the Eastern Bloc of the Revolutionary Armed Forces of Colombia (FARC). Biography Mendoza was born in La Dorada. He became part of the FARC-EP in 1966, where he would be close to Manuel Marulanda, and in 1986 he was commissioned to create the Ciro Trujillo Company to enter Casanare. As part of the command of the Eastern Bloc of the FARC-EP, he participated in the attack on the Girasoles military base in 1992. He was also known as the jailer of the FARC-EP, as he was in charge of the custody of the hostages. He held dialogues with the Bolivarian Guerrillas of Venezuela. In 2008, he was arrested on his way to Saboyá. He took advantage of the Justice and Peace Law, designed by the government of Álvaro Uribe Vélez and in 2010 he was sentenced to 24 years for the Taking of Mitú ('' Operation Marquetalia).'' Around 2017, he was released. But he was recapt ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Eastern Bloc Of The FARC-EP
The Eastern Bloc of the Revolutionary Armed Forces of Colombia, from September 2010 known as ''Bloque Comandante Jorge Briceño'', in honour of the slain guerrilla leader, was considered to be the strongest military faction of the guerrilla group. It was divided into groups of 50–400 combatants in each group, which patrolled and controlled different areas of Colombia's Eastern and Central-Eastern territory, as well as helped to carry out the killings, taxation, and arrests necessary to advance the organization's financial and political goals. The specific divisions of the group are arguable. Some of the believed divisions or 'fronts', as they were commonly called, are shown below. Many of these fronts sometimes worked together towards a certain mission, while others were further divided into 'columns' and 'companies' with a smaller number of members. For more general information see FARC Chain of Command. Commanders This group of commanders was called the "EMBO" (Estado Mayor de ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Revolutionary Armed Forces Of Colombia
The Revolutionary Armed Forces of Colombia – People's Army (, FARC–EP or FARC) was a Marxist–Leninist Guerrilla warfare, guerrilla group involved in the continuing Colombian conflict starting in 1964. The FARC-EP was officially founded in 1966 from peasant self-defense groups formed from 1948 during ''La Violencia'' as a peasant force promoting a political line of agrarianism and anti-imperialism. They are known to employ a variety of military tactics, in addition to more unconventional methods, including terrorism. The operations of the FARC–EP were funded by kidnap and ransom, illegal mining, extortion, and taxation of various forms of economic activity, and the production and distribution of illegal drugs. They are only one actor in a complex conflict where atrocities have been committed by the state, right-wing paramilitaries, and left-wing guerrillas not limited to FARC, such as ELN, M-19, and others. Colombia's National Centre for Historical Memory, a government ag ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
La Dorada, Caldas
La Dorada () is a town and municipality in the Colombia Colombia, officially the Republic of Colombia, is a country primarily located in South America with Insular region of Colombia, insular regions in North America. The Colombian mainland is bordered by the Caribbean Sea to the north, Venezuel ...n Department of Caldas. It is the seat of the Roman Catholic Diocese of La Dorada–Guaduas. It is situated on the banks of Colombia's principal river, the Magdalena. The city's economy is based primarily on livestock, fishing, and tourism. Gallery References {{Authority control Municipalities of Caldas Department ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Manuel Marulanda
Pedro Antonio Marín Marín (13 May 1930 – 26 March 2008), known by his "nom de guerre" Manuel Marulanda Vélez, was the founder and main leader of the Marxist–Leninist FARC-EP ("''Fuerzas Armadas Revolucionarias de Colombia – Ejército del Pueblo''"). Marulanda was born in a coffee-growing region of west-central Colombia in the Quindío Department, to a peasant family politically aligned with the Liberal Party during conflicts in the 1940s and 1950s. Marulanda was nicknamed "Tirofijo" () by his comrades, apparently because of a reputed ability to accurately aim firearms. Marulanda himself changed his political and ideological inclinations to the Communist Party (PCC) during " La Violencia" (roughly 1948 to 1958) that followed the assassination of the Liberal Party's leader Jorge Eliécer Gaitán. In March 2006, Alberto Gonzales, the Attorney General of the United States, announced in conjunction with Drug Enforcement Administration and United States Department of J ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Casanare Department
Casanare (, ) is a department located in the central eastern of Colombia. It is famous for its oil and natural gas production as well as its livestock and extensive plains. It is also the tenth largest department with an area of 44,490 km2, similar to that of Denmark, but also the seventh least densely populated. Its capital is Yopal, which is also the episcopal seat of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Yopal. It contains oil fields and an 800 km pipeline leading to the coastal port of Coveñas owned by BP. Rivers and dams The Upía River (Río Upía) is in Casanare. Casanare, Ariporo, Guachiría, Guanapalo, Pauto, Tocaría, Cravo Sur, Cusiana, Túa y Upía. History A former subregion of Boyacá, Casanare became separate department in 1973. Municipalities # Aguazul # Chámeza # Hato Corozal # La Salina # Maní # Monterrey # Nunchía # Orocué # Paz de Ariporo # Pore # Recetor # Sabanalarga # Sácama # San Luis de Palenque # Támara # Tauramen ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Saboyá
Saboyá is a town and municipality in the Western Boyacá Province, part of the Colombian department of Boyacá. Etymology Saboyá is an Italian name brought by European colonizers. - conceptosdelahistoria.com History Before the on the central highlands of the Colombian , Saboyá was ruled by a '''' with the same name. The first |
Justice And Peace Law Of Colombia
The Justice and Peace Law of Colombia or Law 975 of 2005 is a legal framework promoted by the government of Álvaro Uribe Vélez and approved by Congress to facilitate the demobilization of paramilitaries in Colombia and eventually could be used in the demobilization of guerrilla groups. Law of Justice and Peace In 2002 the government of former President Álvaro Uribe and the High Commissioner for Peace, Luis Carlos Restrepo, began a process that would give a legal framework in which armed groups outside the law, paramilitary like the United Self Defense Forces of Colombia (AUC) and guerrilla groups, would surrender their weapons and reintegrate into civil society, a process known as demobilization. In 2003, the Defense Forces of Colombia signed a demobilization agreement with the government in which 30,000 members of the armed organization and its commanders cease operations. The government then introduced a bill known as alternative punishment. The law had to be withdrawn d ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Álvaro Uribe
Álvaro Uribe Vélez (born 4 July 1952) is a Colombian politician who served as the 31st President of Colombia from 7 August 2002 to 7 August 2010. Uribe started his political career in his home department of Antioquia Department, Antioquia. He held offices in the Empresas Públicas de Medellín, Public Enterprises of Medellín and in the Ministry of Labour (Colombia), Ministry of Labor and was the director of the Special Administrative Unit of Civil Aeronautics (1980–1982). He became the Mayor of Medellín in October 1982. He was a senator between 1986 and 1994 and finally the Governor of Antioquia State, Antioquia between 1995 and 1997 before being elected President of Colombia in 2002. Following his 2002 election, Uribe led an all-out military offensive against leftist guerrilla groups such as the FARC and the National Liberation Army (Colombia), ELN with funding and backing from the Clinton and Bush administrations in the form of a US$2.8 billion direct foreign aid p ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Marquetalia Republic
"Marquetalia Republic" was an unofficial term used to refer to one of the enclaves in rural Colombia which communist peasant guerrillas held during the aftermath of " La Violencia" (approximately 1948 to 1958). Congressmen of the Colombian Conservative Party described these enclaves, including Marquetalia, as "independent republics" which needed to be brought under state control through military force. This area was eventually overrun by the National Army of Colombia (during "Operation Marquetalia") in May 1964. Eventually some of the communist survivors reunited elsewhere and later became part of the "Bloque Sur" (Southern Bloc) guerrilla group in 1964, a precursor to the official foundation of the Revolutionary Armed Forces of Colombia (FARC) in 1966. Historical background La Violencia The assassination of Jorge Eliécer Gaitán in 1948 triggered large riots in Bogotá and smaller scale uprisings throughout the country. This would mark the beginning of '' La Violencia'', ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bogotá
Bogotá (, also , , ), officially Bogotá, Distrito Capital, abbreviated Bogotá, D.C., and formerly known as Santa Fe de Bogotá (; ) during the Spanish Imperial period and between 1991 and 2000, is the capital city, capital and largest city of Colombia, and one of the List of largest cities, largest cities in the world. The city is administered as the Capital District, as well as the capital of, though not politically part of, the surrounding department of Cundinamarca Department, Cundinamarca. Bogotá is a territorial entity of the first order, with the same administrative status as the departments of Colombia. It is the main political, economic, administrative, industrial, cultural, aeronautical, technological, scientific, medical and educational center of the country and northern South America. Bogotá was founded as the capital of the New Kingdom of Granada on 6 August 1538 by Spanish conquistador Gonzalo Jiménez de Quesada after a harsh Spanish conquest of the Muisca, e ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1938 Births
Events January * January 1 – state-owned enterprise, State-owned railway networks are created by merger, in France (SNCF) and the Netherlands (Nederlandse Spoorwegen – NS). * January 20 – King Farouk of Egypt marries Safinaz Zulficar, who becomes Farida of Egypt, Queen Farida, in Cairo. * January 27 – The Honeymoon Bridge (Niagara Falls), Honeymoon Bridge at Niagara Falls, New York, collapses as a result of an ice jam. February * February 4 ** Adolf Hitler abolishes the War Ministry and creates the Oberkommando der Wehrmacht (High Command of the Armed Forces), giving him direct control of the German military. In addition, he dismisses political and military leaders considered unsympathetic to his philosophy or policies. General Werner von Fritsch is forced to resign as Commander of Chief of the German Army following accusations of homosexuality, and replaced by General Walther von Brauchitsch. Foreign Minister Baron Konstantin von Neurath is dismi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
2025 Deaths
The following notable deaths occurred in 2025. Names are reported under the date of death, in alphabetical order. A typical entry reports information in the following sequence: * Name, age, country of citizenship at birth, subsequent nationality (if applicable), what subject was noted for, cause of death (if known), and a reference. June 17 16 * Nikolay Krasnikov, 40, Russian ice speedway rider, traffic collision. *, 89, Chilean actress and actors' rights activist. * Nellai S. Muthu, 74, Indian novelist. * John Reid, 61, Scottish record producer, singer ( Nightcrawlers) and songwriter. (death announced on this date) * Julio Retamal Favereau, 91, Chilean historian, philosopher and academic, member of the Academia Chilena de la Historia. * Ron Taylor, 87, Canadian baseball player ( St. Louis Cardinals, New York Mets) and team physician (Toronto Blue Jays), four-time World Series champion. (death announced on this date) * Jan Tesař, 92, Czech historian, writer and dissident. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
