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Martina (tunnel Boring Machine)
The Martina tunnel boring machine (officially named as the S-574.) is a hard rock tunnel boring machine built by Herrenknecht AG. It is the largest hard rock tunnel boring machine in the world and has been used for drilling the Sparvo Tunnel, a part of the larger Variante di Valico project in Italy. Specifications and operations The Martina cost 60 million USD, has a shield diameter of 15.55 metres, an excavation diameter of 15.62 metres, a length of 130 metres, a total weight of 4500 tonnes and an annual operating consumption of 62 million kWh. The cutterhead required 12,000 kW of power whilst the overall vehicle requires 18 MW total installed capacity to function. The machine started work on the Sparvo tunnel in 2011, with drilling of the 2430-metre north tube completed in 2012. The drilling of the 2600-metre south tube was finished in 2013, bringing the 5-kilometre tunneling project to an end. See also *List of longest tunnels This list of longest tunnels ranks tunnels ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] [Amazon] |
Herrenknecht AG
Herrenknecht AG is a German company that manufactures tunnel boring machines (TBMs). Headquartered in Allmannsweier, Schwanau, Baden-Württemberg, it is the worldwide market leader for heavy TBMs. Established by Martin Herrenknecht in 1975, the company soon grew. Its first overseas subsidiary, ''Herrenknecht International Ltd'', was created in 1984; a further 79 subsidiaries would be set up or purchased over the next 30 years to provide global coverage. Its products have often pushed technological boundaries; a Herrenknecht-built TBM in the late 1990s was the largest in the world at that time, while the world's longest and deepest railway tunnel (the Gotthard Base Tunnel) was bored using the company's apparatus. By 2015, the company had around 5,000 employees. History Martin Herrenknecht established the Martin Herrenknecht engineering company in 1975; it initially had six employees. Two years later, it became Herrenknecht GmbH, at which point it had a capital of 20 million eu ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] [Amazon] |
Tunnel Boring Machine
A tunnel boring machine (TBM), also known as a "mole" or a "worm", is a machine used to excavate tunnels. TBMs are an alternative to drilling and blasting methods and "hand mining", allowing more rapid excavation through hard rock, wet or dry soil, or sand (although each requires specialized TBM technologies). TBM-bored tunnel cross-sections extend up to (through June 2023). TBM tunnels are typically circular in cross-section, but may also be square or rectangular, or U- or horseshoe-shaped. Much narrower tunnels are typically bored using trenchless construction methods or horizontal directional drilling rather than by TBMs. TBMs limit disturbance to the surrounding ground and produce a smooth tunnel wall, which reduces the cost of lining the tunnel; it also allows for tunneling in urban areas. Large TBMs are expensive and challenging to construct and transport, fixed costs which become less significant for longer tunnels. Tunneling speeds generally decline as tunnel size in ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] [Amazon] |
Herrenknecht
Herrenknecht AG is a German company that manufactures tunnel boring machines (TBMs). Headquartered in Allmannsweier, Schwanau, Baden-Württemberg, it is the worldwide market leader for heavy TBMs. Established by Martin Herrenknecht in 1975, the company soon grew. Its first overseas subsidiary, ''Herrenknecht International Ltd'', was created in 1984; a further 79 subsidiaries would be set up or purchased over the next 30 years to provide global coverage. Its products have often pushed technological boundaries; a Herrenknecht-built TBM in the late 1990s was the largest in the world at that time, while the world's longest and deepest railway tunnel (the Gotthard Base Tunnel) was bored using the company's apparatus. By 2015, the company had around 5,000 employees. History Martin Herrenknecht established the Martin Herrenknecht engineering company in 1975; it initially had six employees. Two years later, it became Herrenknecht GmbH, at which point it had a capital of 20 million eur ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] [Amazon] |
Variante Di Valico
Variante di Valico (number A1 var) is a deviation of the Italian A1 motorway opened to traffic on 23 December 2015, between La Quercia and Aglio in central Italy. The entire project covers a length of 62.5 km, of which 37 km involved adding a third lane on each side of the existing A1 and 25 km the construction of the new section, most of which consists of viaducts and tunnels, the longest tunnel being 8.7 km in length. The new section runs parallel to the central part of the Bologna-Florence Florence ( ; ) is the capital city of the Italy, Italian region of Tuscany. It is also the most populated city in Tuscany, with 362,353 inhabitants, and 989,460 in Metropolitan City of Florence, its metropolitan province as of 2025. Florence ... motorway A1. The earlier motorway remains open, providing an alternative route. The A1 splits up north of the Apennines, the two sections rejoining south of the mountains. The twin-bore Sparvo Tunnel was completed in July 2 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] [Amazon] |
Italy
Italy, officially the Italian Republic, is a country in Southern Europe, Southern and Western Europe, Western Europe. It consists of Italian Peninsula, a peninsula that extends into the Mediterranean Sea, with the Alps on its northern land border, as well as List of islands of Italy, nearly 800 islands, notably Sicily and Sardinia. Italy shares land borders with France to the west; Switzerland and Austria to the north; Slovenia to the east; and the two enclaves of Vatican City and San Marino. It is the List of European countries by area, tenth-largest country in Europe by area, covering , and the third-most populous member state of the European Union, with nearly 59 million inhabitants. Italy's capital and List of cities in Italy, largest city is Rome; other major cities include Milan, Naples, Turin, Palermo, Bologna, Florence, Genoa, and Venice. The history of Italy goes back to numerous List of ancient peoples of Italy, Italic peoples—notably including the ancient Romans, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] [Amazon] |
Metres
The metre (or meter in US spelling; symbol: m) is the base unit of length in the International System of Units (SI). Since 2019, the metre has been defined as the length of the path travelled by light in vacuum during a time interval of of a second, where the second is defined by a hyperfine transition frequency of caesium. The metre was originally defined in 1791 by the French National Assembly as one ten-millionth of the distance from the equator to the North Pole along a great circle, so the Earth's polar circumference is approximately . In 1799, the metre was redefined in terms of a prototype metre bar. The bar used was changed in 1889, and in 1960 the metre was redefined in terms of a certain number of wavelengths of a certain emission line of krypton-86. The current definition was adopted in 1983 and modified slightly in 2002 to clarify that the metre is a measure of proper length. From 1983 until 2019, the metre was formally defined as the length of the path trav ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] [Amazon] |
Tonnes
The tonne ( or ; symbol: t) is a unit of mass equal to 1,000 kilograms. It is a non-SI unit accepted for use with SI. It is also referred to as a metric ton in the United States to distinguish it from the non-metric units of the short ton ( United States customary units) and the long ton ( British imperial units). It is equivalent to approximately 2,204.6 pounds, 1.102 short tons, and 0.984 long tons. The official SI unit is the megagram (Mg), a less common way to express the same amount. Symbol and abbreviations The BIPM symbol for the tonne is t, adopted at the same time as the unit in 1879.Table 6 . BIPM. Retrieved on 2011-07-10. Its use is also official for the metric ton in the United States, having been adopted by the United States |
List Of Longest Tunnels
This list of longest tunnels ranks tunnels that are at least long. Only continuous tunnels are included. Pipelines, even those that are buried, are excluded. The longest tunnels have been constructed for Water supply network, water distribution, followed by tunnels for railways. __TOC__ World's longest tunnels (in use) World's longest tunnels (under construction) World's longest tunnels (advanced planning stage) World's longest tunnels (abandoned) World's longest tunnels (proposed) * Bering Strait crossing * Strait of Gibraltar crossing#Tunnel, Gibraltar Strait Tunnel * Japan–Korea Undersea Tunnel * Taiwan Strait Tunnel Project See also * List of long tunnels by type – contains separate tables for railroad, subway, vehicular, bicycle, water/aqueducts, and also for different building techniques * List of deepest caves * List of deepest mines * Lists of tunnels *List of longest railway tunnels ** List of long railway tunnels in China * List of longest subway tunnel ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] [Amazon] |
List Of Long Tunnels By Type
This page presents the same tunnels as in list of tunnels by length in separate lists according to the different tunnel types. Rail Note: ''This list only contains tunnels that are longer than .'' Under construction Note: ''This list only contains tunnels that are longer than .'' Underground rapid transit Only continuous tunnel sections should be included, at least long, excluding branches from the longest tunnel. Under construction Only continuous tunnel sections should be included, at least long. Road Under construction Water Under construction Note: There are buried oil and gas pipelines, up to several thousand kilometers long. See also: * List of oil pipelines * List of natural gas pipelines Bicycle and pedestrian Most of the tunnels listed were built for other purposes, and have not been redesigned. The Fyllingsdalentunnelen is one example of a tunnel built to purpose from the start. The tunnels listed here can be either be pure cycling tunnels ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] [Amazon] |
List Of Mining Companies
This is an incomplete alphabetical list of mining companies. A * Adex Mining * Aditya Birla Group * African Rainbow Minerals * Agnico Eagle * Aiteo * Almonty Industries * Alumina * Anaconda Copper * Anglo American (mining) * Anglo Platinum * AngloGold Ashanti * Antofagasta * Aricom * Arctic Canadian Diamond Company * Astra Resources * AT GROUP * Atalaya Mining * Aurubis * Avalon Advanced Materials B * Bard Ventures Company * Barrick Gold * BHP * Blaafarveværket * Blackfire Exploration * Boliden * Bougainville Copper * Breakwater Resources C * Cambior * Candente Copper * Canico Resource * Cape Breton Development Corporation * Chinalco * China Molybdenum * Cleveland-Cliffs * CNK International * Coal & Allied * Coal India * Codelco * Colorado Fuel & Iron * Compass Minerals * Compass Resources * Consolidated Zinc * Cordero Mining Company * Crowflight Minerals * Companhia Siderúrgica Nacional * Cuniptau Mines * Cuprom * Cyprus Mines Corporati ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] [Amazon] |
Heavy Equipment
Heavy equipment, heavy machinery, earthmovers, construction vehicles, or construction equipment, refers to heavy-duty vehicles specially designed to execute construction tasks, most frequently involving earthwork operations or other large construction tasks. ''Heavy equipment'' usually comprises five equipment systems: the implement, traction, structure, power train, and control/information. Heavy equipment has been used since at least the 1st century BC, when the ancient Roman engineer Vitruvius described a crane powered by human or animal labor in ''De architectura''. Heavy equipment functions through the mechanical advantage of a simple machine that multiplies the ratio between input force applied and force exerted, easing and speeding tasks which often could otherwise take hundreds of people and many weeks' labor. Some such equipment uses hydraulic drives as a primary source of motion. The word plant, in this context, has come to mean any type of industrial equip ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] [Amazon] |
