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Maraş Province, Ottoman Empire
Dulkadir Eyalet () or Marash Eyalet () was an eyalet of the Ottoman Empire. History The Dulkadirids were the last of the Anatolian emirates to yield to the Ottomans, managing to remain independent until 1521, and were not fully incorporated into the empire until 1530. It is unclear when the eyalet was formed. Ottoman historian Ibn Kemal explained that the territory formerly ruled by Ali was divided into five sanjaks with governors appointed by the central government with no mention of the appointment of a beylerbey. The province was described as , a region instead of an eyalet, by the 1526 defter. A record, thought to be from 1527, listed Marash as part of Karaman Eyalet, while Bozok belonged to Rum Eyalet. Dulkadir Eyalet was likely established shortly after the grand vizier Pargalı Ibrahim Pasha extinguished the Kalenderoghlu revolt the same year and took administrative precautions to maintain order in the realm. Historian attests to the beylerbey of Dulkadir in in 1538. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Eyalet
Eyalets (, , ), also known as beylerbeyliks or pashaliks, were the primary administrative divisions of the Ottoman Empire. From 1453 to the beginning of the nineteenth century the Ottoman local government was loosely structured. The empire was at first divided into states called eyalets, presided over by a beylerbey (title equivalent to duke in Turkish and Amir al Umara in Arabic) of three tails (feathers borne on a state officer's ceremonial staff). The grand vizier was responsible for nominating all the high officers of state, both in the capital and the states. Between 1861 and 1866, these eyalets were abolished, and the territory was divided for administrative purposes into vilayets (provinces). The eyalets were subdivided into districts called livas or sanjaks, each of which was under the charge of a pasha of one tail, with the title of mira-lira, or sanjak-bey. These provinces were usually called pashaliks by Europeans. [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bozok Sanjak
Bozok may refer to: * Bozoks, a tribe of Oghuz Turks * Astana, founded as Bozok, Kazakhstan * Bozok, Derik, a neighborhood of Derik, Turkey * Yozgat Province, previously Bozok, Turkey ** Yozgat Yozgat is a city in the Central Anatolia Region of Turkey. It is the seat of Yozgat Province and Yozgat District.Yozgat Bozok University {{disambiguation, geo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Yaylak
Yaylak ( or ; ; ; ; ; ; ) is a summer highland pasture associated with transhumance pastoralism in several Central and West Asian Turkic communities. There are different variants of yaylak pastoralism forms of alpine transhumance, some of which are similar to seminomadic pastoralism, although most are similar to herdsman husbandry (such as in mountainous areas of Europe and the Caucasus). However, in the Eurasian steppes, the Middle East and North Africa, yaylak pastoralism often coexists with seminomadic pastoralism and pastoral nomadism. The term had been commonly used in Soviet anthropology. The converse term is gishlag (from Turkic ''kyshlag''), a winter pasture. The word gave rise to the usage of the term '' kishlak'' for rural settlements in Central Asia. Etymology and terminology Yaylak is a portmanteau which derived from Turkic roots ''yay'' "summer" and ''-lagh'' or ''-lağ'', a deverbal plus denominal suffix. The converse term is gishlag (also spelled as ''kış ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kishlak
Kishlak or qishlaq (, , , , ), or qıştaq () qıstaw () is a rural settlement of semi-nomadic Turkic peoples of Central Asia and Azerbaijan. The meaning of the term is "wintering place" in Turkic languages (derives from Turkic ''qış'' - winter). , ''Encyclopedia of Central Asia'' The converse term is yaylaq, a summer pasture. Traditionally, a clay/mud fence (''dewal'', ''duval'', from : دیوار divār ') surrounds a kishlak. The term may be seen in the |
Oghuz Turks
The Oghuz Turks ( Middle Turkic: , ) were a western Turkic people who spoke the Oghuz branch of the Turkic language family. In the 8th century, they formed a tribal confederation conventionally named the Oghuz Yabgu State in Central Asia. Today, much of the populations of Turkey, Azerbaijan and Turkmenistan are descendants of Oghuz Turks. The term Oghuz was gradually supplanted by the terms Turkmen and Turcoman ( or ''Türkmân'') by the 13th century.Lewis, G. ''The Book of Dede Korkut''. Penguin Books, 1974, p. 10. The Oghuz confederation migrated westward from the Jeti-su area after a conflict with the Karluk allies of the Uyghurs. In the 9th century, the Oghuz from the Aral steppes drove Pechenegs westward from the Emba and Ural River region. In the 10th century, the Oghuz inhabited the steppe of the rivers Sari-su, Turgai and Emba north of Lake Balkhash in modern-day Kazakhstan. They embraced Islam and adapted their traditions and institutions to the Islam ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Gerger Sanjak
Gerger (; ) is a town of Adıyaman Province of Turkey. It is the seat of Gerger District.İlçe Belediyesi Turkey Civil Administration Departments Inventory. Retrieved 12 January 2023. It is mainly populated by of different tribal backgrounds and had a population of 2,753 in 2021. The mayor is Erkan Aksoy ( AKP). History Medieval History In the 11th century the town formed a defensive outpost for the Byzantine Empire together with the city of |
Samsat Sanjak
Samsat (, Ottoman Turkish صمصاد ''Semisat''), formerly Samosata () is a small town in the Adıyaman Province of Turkey, situated on the upper Euphrates river. It is the seat of Samsat District.İlçe Belediyesi Turkey Civil Administration Departments Inventory. Retrieved 22 December 2022. The town is populated by of the Bezikan tribe. Halil Fırat from the Justice and Development Party (AKP) was elected mayor in the |
Kars Sanjak
Kars ( or ; ; ) is a city in northeast Turkey. It is the seat of Kars Province and Kars District.İl Belediyesi , Turkey Civil Administration Departments Inventory. Retrieved 1 March 2023. As of 2022, its population was 91,450. Kars, in classical historiography (Strabo), was in the ancient region known as ''Chorzene'' (), part of the province of Ayrarat in the Kingdom of Armenia (antiquity), Kingdom of Armenia, and later the historic capitals of Armenia, capital of the Bagratid Kingdom of Armenia from 929 to 961. Currently, the mayor of Kars is Ötüken Senger. The city had an Armenians, Armenian ethnic majority until it was re-captured by Turkish National Movement, Turkish nationalist forces in late 1920. Etymology The city's name may derive from the Armenian language, Armenian w ...[...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Diyarbekir Eyalet
The Eyalet of Diyarbekir (; ) was an eyalet of the Ottoman Empire. Its reported area in the 19th century was , slightly larger than the original Abbasid province in Upper Mesopotamia. In 1846 it was succeeded by the Kurdistan Eyalet. Government The 17th-century traveller Evliya Çelebi reported on the organization of the eyalet: "In this province there are nineteen sanjaks and five hakumets (or hereditary governments) ..eight anjakswere at the time of the conquest conferred on Kurdish begs with the patent of family inheritance for ever. Like other sanjaks they are divided into ziamets and timars, the possessors of which are obliged to serve in the field; but if they do not, the ziamet or timar may be transferred to a son or relation, but not to a stranger. The hakumets have neither ziamets nor timars. Their governors exercise full authority, and receive not only the land revenues, but also all the other taxes which in the sanjaks are paid to the possessor of the ziamet or t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Malatya Sanjak
Malatya (; ; Syriac ܡܠܝܛܝܢܐ Malīṭīná; ; Ancient Greek: Μελιτηνή) is a city in the Eastern Anatolia region of Turkey and the capital of Malatya Province. The city has been a human settlement for thousands of years. In Hittite, ''melid'' or ''milit'' means "honey", offering a possible etymology for the name, which was mentioned in the contemporary sources of the time under several variations (e.g., Hittite: ''Malidiya''Melid " ''Reallexikon der Assyriologie.'' Accessed 12 December 2010. and possibly also ''Midduwa''; Akkadian: Meliddu;Hawkins, John D. ''Corpus of Hieroglyphic Luwian Inscriptions. Vol. 1: Inscriptions of the Iron Age.'' Walter de Gruyter, 2000. [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sis Sanjak
Sis or SIS may refer to: People * Michael Sis (born 1960), American Catholic bishop Places * Sis (ancient city), historical town in modern-day Turkey, served as the capital of the Armenian Kingdom of Cilicia. * Kozan, Adana, the current name of the Armenian town of Sis in Cilicia, Turkey * Sis, Armenia, a village in Armenia * Sis, Azerbaijan, a village in the Republic of Azerbaijan * Sis, Iran, a city in East Azerbaijan, Iran * Sis, Kurdistan, a village in Kurdistan, Iran * Sis Rural District (Shabestar County), East Azerbaijan province, Iran * Sis Rural District (Dehgolan County), Kurdistan province, Iran * Mountains of Sis, a range of the Pre-Pyrenees Intelligence * Schengen Information System, in Europe * Security Information Service, Czech domestic information intelligence agency known as ''BIS'' * Secret Intelligence Service, UK intelligence agency, also known as ''MI6'' * Australian Secret Intelligence Service, Australia’s national intelligence service * Can ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ottoman Cyprus
The Eyalet of Cyprus (, ''Eyālet-i Ḳıbrıṣ'') was an eyalet/province of the Ottoman Empire made up of the island of Cyprus, which was annexed into the Empire in 1571. The Ottomans changed the way they administered Cyprus multiple times. It was a sanjak/sub-province (, ''Sancağı Ḳıbrıṣ'') of the Eyalet of the Archipelago from 1670 to 1703, and again from 1784 to 1878; a fief of the Grand Vizier (1703–1745 and 1748–1784); and again an eyalet for the short period from 1745 to 1748. Ottoman raids and conquest During Venetian rule, the Ottomans at times raided Cyprus. In 1489, the first year of Venetian control, Ottomans attacked the Karpass Peninsula, pillaging and taking captives to be sold into slavery. In 1539 the Ottoman fleet attacked and destroyed Limassol. Fearing the ever-expanding Ottoman Empire, the Venetians had fortified Famagusta, Nicosia, and Kyrenia, but most other cities were easy prey. In the summer of 1570, the Ottomans struck again, but th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
