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Manuel Lapeña
Manuel de Lapeña y Ruiz del SotilloSome authors, such as Oman (1902), write the surname La Peña. (11 April 1762 – 14 October 1820) was a Spanish Army officer. Having a reputation for incompetence—he had the nickname ''Doña Manuela'' (Lady Manuela)"La Peña had kept his place, despite his Tudela fiasco, through family and ''salon'' intrigues—he is said to have been the 'tame cat' of certain great ladies of the patriotic party".— Lapeña has been harshly criticised by most British historians ( Napier, Oman, among others) for his conduct at the battles of Tudela and Barrosa (Chiclana),"... the cowardly behaviour of La Peña in 1811, when he refused to aid Graham at the bloody little battle of Barossa". (Oman, 1902: p. 101.) considering him both pusilanimous and lacking initiative, opinions shared by 19th century Spanish historians such as the Count of Toreno and Gómez Arteche.. Martín-Lanuza, Alberto"Manuel de Lapeña y Ruiz del Sotillo".''Diccionario Biográfico e ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Francisco Goya
Francisco José de Goya y Lucientes (; ; 30 March 1746 – 16 April 1828) was a Spanish Romanticism, romantic painter and Printmaking, printmaker. He is considered the most important Spanish artist of the late 18th and early 19th centuries. His paintings, drawings, and engravings reflected contemporary historical upheavals and influenced important 19th- and 20th-century painters. Goya is often referred to as the last of the Old Masters and the first of the Modern art, moderns. Goya was born in Fuendetodos, Aragon to a middle-class family in 1746. He studied painting from age 14 under José Luzán, José Luzán y Martinez and moved to Madrid to study with Anton Raphael Mengs. He married Josefa Bayeu in 1773. Goya became a court painter to the Spanish Crown in 1786 and this early portion of his career is marked by portraits of the Spanish aristocracy and royalty, and Rococo-style List of Francisco Goya's tapestry cartoons, tapestry cartoons designed for the royal palace. Althoug ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Spanish Army
The Spanish Army () is the terrestrial army of the Spanish Armed Forces responsible for land-based military operations. It is one of the oldest Standing army, active armies – dating back to the late 15th century. The Spanish Army has existed continuously since the reign of Ferdinand II of Aragon, King Ferdinand and Isabella I of Castile, Queen Isabella (late 15th century). The oldest and largest of the three services, its mission was the defence of Peninsular Spain, the Balearic Islands, the Canary Islands, Melilla, Ceuta and the Spanish islands and rocks off the northern coast of Africa. History During the 16th century, Habsburg Spain saw steady growth in its military power. The Italian Wars (1494–1559) resulted in an ultimate Spanish victory and hegemony in northern Italy by expelling the French. During the war, the Spanish Army transformed its organization and tactics, evolving from a primarily Pike (weapon), pike and halberd wielding force into the first pike and shot ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Juan Pignatelli
Juan Domingo Pignatelli de Aragón y de Gonzaga, 6th Duke of Solferino, 19th Count of Fuentes. Gómez de Olea y Bustinza, Javier; Pedro Moreno Meyerhoff (2007) ''Anales de la Real Academia Matritense de Heráldica y Genealogía''. Vol. X., pp. 223 (footnote 45), 226.Real Academia Matritense de Heráldica y Genealogía. Retrieved 1 May 2023. (27 January 1757 – 9 November 1819) was a Spanish Army officer and nobleman. Early career After studying at the Real Seminario de Nobles de Madrid, Pignatelli enlisted in 1773 as a cadet in the Spanish Royal Guard (Guardias de Corps). In 1779 he was attached as colonel to the Montesa Cavalry Regiment, seeing action at Gibraltar. Gil Novales, Alberto (2010)''Diccionario biográfico de España (1808-1833)'': P/Z, p. 2418.Fundación Mapfre. Retrieved 1 May 2023. during the American Revolutionary War. In 1793, during the War of the Pyrenees, he was promoted to field marshal and in 1795 appointed commander-in-chief of the coast of Santander (Co ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pedro De Alcántara Álvarez De Toledo, 13th Duke Of The Infantado
Pedro de Alcántara Álvarez de Toledo y Salm-Salm, 13th Duke of the Infantado (20 July 1768 – 27 November 1841) was a Spanish Army officer, politician and nobleman. Life and career He held the following titles: 13th Duke of the Infantado, 9th Duke of Pastrana, 9th Duke of Estremera, 10th Duke of Francavilla, plus others. He was an extremely rich, powerful and popular figure in court circles and in Spain generally. He was "more educated than most of the Spanish grandees", having been raised and schooled in Paris. He never married, but he had one illegitimate son and two illegitimate daughters. His titles were divided amongst his son Manuel and his nephew Pedro de Alcántara Téllez-Girón (1810–1844), who became 14th Duke of the Infantado. Early military career When Spain declared war on Revolutionary France in 1793, he raised an infantry regiment at his own expense. He fought with it in Catalonia against the French beside a Portuguese division and commanded a brigade ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Arronches
Arronches () is a municipality in Portugal. The population in 2011 was 3,165, in an area of 314.65 km2. The municipality is located by the Serra de São Mamede in Portalegre District. The present Mayor is Fermelinda Carvalho ( PSD) and the President of the Municipal Assembly is Abílio Panasco (PSD). The municipal holiday is June 24, after Saint John the Baptist John the Baptist ( – ) was a Jewish preacher active in the area of the Jordan River in the early first century AD. He is also known as Saint John the Forerunner in Eastern Orthodoxy and Oriental Orthodoxy, John the Immerser in some Baptist .... Parishes Administratively, the municipality is divided into 3 civil parishes ('' freguesias''): * Assunção * Esperança * Mosteiros Notable people * Isabel Abreu (born 1978) a Portuguese actress. retri ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
War Of The Oranges
The War of the Oranges (; ; ) was a brief conflict in 1801 in which Spanish forces, instigated by the government of France, and ultimately supported by the French military, invaded Portugal. The war resulted in the Treaty of Badajoz, the loss of Portuguese territory, in particular losing Olivenza to Spain. Six years later, Napoleon would invade both Portugal and Spain in the Peninsular War. Background In 1800, First Consul Bonaparte and his ally, the Spanish prime-minister and Generalissimo Manuel de Godoy, sent an ultimatum to Portugal, the last British ally on the continent, demanding that she break her alliance with Britain. Portugal refused to cede, and, in April 1801, French troops arrived in the country. They were bolstered by Spanish troops under the command of Manuel de Godoy. Godoy had, under his command, the Spanish Army of Extremadura, with five divisions. War The Spanish attack on Portugal started on the early morning of 20 May, and focused on the Portugues ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Invasion Of Minorca (1781)
The Franco-Spanish reconquest of Menorca (historically called "Minorca" in English) from the British in February 1782, after the siege of Fort St. Philip lasting over five months, was an important step in the achievement of Spain's aims in its alliance with France against Britain during the American Revolutionary War. The ultimate result was the devolution of the island to Spain in the Treaty of Paris in 1783. Background At the eastern end of the island of Menorca is the port of Mahón, one of the best deep-water anchorages in the Mediterranean Sea. For a naval power with no Mediterranean coast, possession of Menorca, therefore, was of major strategic advantage, and for most of the 18th century, Menorca was under British control. The narrow entrance to the port was guarded by a fort, known to the British as St. Philip's Castle, a translation of the original Spanish, ''el castillo de San Felipe'', which (with two outlying fortlets, San Carlos and Marlborough) was massively st ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pedro Téllez-Girón, 9th Duke Of Osuna
Pedro de Alcántara Téllez-Girón y Pacheco, 9th Duke of Osuna, Grandee of SpainName in full: ) (8 August 1755 – 7 January 1807), was a Spanish nobleman and military commander during the French Revolutionary Wars. Biography Family His father, the 8th Duke, was Pedro Zoilo Téllez Girón y de Guzmán (27 June 1728 – 1 April 1787) and his mother was María Vicenta de la Portería Pacheco Téllez-Girón (born 28 July 1735). In 1772, he married María Josefa Pimentel, 12th Countess-Duchess of Benavente. She was 15th Countess of Benavente, Grandee of Spain, 13th Duchess of Béjar, Duchess of Arcos, Duchess of Gandía and Duchess of Monteagudo, Princess of Esquilache and Marquise of Lombay, whose possessions and noble titles were absorbed thereto by the Osuna family. Military career Téllez-Girón held important commands during the War of the Pyrenees which began on 7 March 1793 and ended with the Peace of Basel on 22 July 1795. As a Lieutenant General, he commanded a colum ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
El Capricho Park
El Capricho is a park in Madrid. The word ''capricho'' is Spanish for "whim" or "caprice". It was created by María Josefa Pimentel, Duchess of Osuna (1752-1834) on her estate at Alameda de Osuna, which was then outside the city of Madrid. It is landscaped in eighteenth-century style with formal and naturalistic features. It is recognised as one of the most beautiful parks in the city. The landscape design shows some English influence. Characteristically of continental gardens in the English style, there are a number of "eye-catchers" such as a hermit's house and a temple to Bacchus. Other features include a lake and a maze. Structures There are various buildings from the time of the Duchess, the largest being the ducal ''palacio''. The Duchess continued to make improvements to the gardens until the end of her life, one of the last features being an iron bridge, which was constructed in 1830. This footbridge is claimed to be the first iron bridge in Spain. There is a bunker fr ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
María Josefa Pimentel, Duchess Of Osuna
Lady María Josefa de Borja Pimentel y Téllez-Girón ''iure uxoris'' Duchess of Osuna, ''suo jure'' 12th Duchess of Benavente (26 November 1752 – 5 October 1834), was a Spanish Salonnière, famous as a patron of artists, writers and scientists and an important figure of the Spanish Age of Enlightenment. She was the first female (honorary) member of the royal Sociedad Económica de Amigos del País de Madrid as well as the first president of the royal Junta de Damas de Honor y Mérito. Biography She married Pedro Téllez-Girón, 9th Duke of Osuna in 1771. The couple had many children; her possessions and noble titles were absorbed thereto by the Osuna family. She was a noted figure of the Spanish Enlightenment. Soon after her marriage, she established a famous literary salon in her Palace near the royal palace in Madrid, which became a center of the French influenced Enlightenment in Spain, were science, culture, literature and art was discussed between aristocrats, foreign d ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Real Academia De La Historia
The Royal Academy of History (, RAH) is a Spanish institution in Madrid that studies history "ancient and modern, political, civil, ecclesiastical, military, scientific, of letters and arts, that is to say, the different branches of life, of civilisation, and of the culture of the Spanish people". Spanish people in this regard are understood to be citizens of the Kingdom of Spain or the indigenous people of its predecessors, or their descendants. The academy was established by royal decree of Philip V of Spain on 18 April 1738. Its official publication is the '' Boletín de la Real Academia de la Historia''. Building Since 1836 the academy has occupied an 18th-century building designed by the neoclassical architect Juan de Villanueva. The building was originally occupied by the Hieronymites, a religious order. It became available as a result of legislation in the 1830s confiscating monastic properties (the ecclesiastical confiscations of Mendizábal). Collections As former ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
José Gómez De Arteche
José Gómez de Arteche y Moro de Elexabeitia (13 March 1821 – 26 January 1906) was a Spanish military officer, historian and senator, best known for his 14-volume ''Guerra de la Independencia. Historia Militar de España de 1808 a 1814'', the first volume of which was published in 1868.. Herrero Fernández-Quesada, María Dolores"José Gómez de Arteche y Moro de Elexabeitia". ''Historia Hispánica''. Real Academia de la Historia. Retrieved 15 March 2025. Gómez de Arteche was elected a member of Spain's Royal Academy of History in 1871. In the preface to Volume II (1903) of his ''A History of the Peninsular War'', Charles Oman acknowledges Arteche's personal contribution to Oman's work. Oman, Charles (1902)''A History of the Peninsular War'', Vol. II, p. vii.''Project Gutenberg''. Retrieved 15 March 2025. Early career Having enlisted as a cadet at the Artillery Academy in 1836, he was promoted to lieutenant in 1843 and over the next few years was commissioned to draw plans ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
