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Mandritsa
Mandritsa (, "Small dairy"; ) is a village in southernmost Bulgaria, part of Ivaylovgrad municipality, Haskovo Province. It is known as the only Albanians, Albanian village in Bulgaria. As of 14 December 2006, Mandritsa has a population of 75. It lies at , 93 m above sea level. Mandritsa is located on the right bank of the Byala Reka (river), Byala Reka in the easternmost Rhodope Mountains, 15 km south of Ivaylovgrad and 2 km west of the Luda reka, which forms the border with Greece. History Ottoman rule The village was founded in 1636 by Eastern Orthodox Church, Eastern Orthodox Albanian dairymen who supplied the Ottoman Army. They were allowed to pick a tract of land and were freed from Jizya, taxes imposed on non-Muslims. The bulk of the local Albanian speakers arrived in the 18th century from around Korçë and in the 19th century from the region of Souliotes, Souli in Epirus. The locals preserved their Souliot national dress until the 19th century, when the fustanel ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Byala Reka (river)
Byala reka (, meaning ''White river'') is a 70 km-long river in the Rhodope Mountains of southern Bulgaria, the longest tributary of Luda reka, itself a right tributary of the Maritsa. Geography The Byala reka takes its source at an altitude of 980 m in the Maglenik Ridge of the eastern Rhodope Mountains very close to the Bulgaria–Greece border, some 2.2 km south of the village of Chernichevo. For the first 15 km it flows north in a deep densely forested valley between the ridges of Irantepe to the west and Cherna Planina to the east. At 3.6 km northeast of the village of Tintyava it makes a sharp bend to the southeast with an asymmetric valley with steep right slopes and slant left ones. Near the village of Gugutka the valley widens before narrowing again, forming a section of scenic meanders with steep slopes. Downstream of Dolno Lukovo the Byala reka turns northeast and the meanders become less frequent an with a larger radius. North of the v ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mandres (Kilkis), Greece
Mandres (, ) is a village South of the City of Kilkis in the Kilkis regional unit, Greece. It is part of the municipal unit Gallikos and has a population of 385 people (2021). Until 1926, Mandres was known as Ampar Kioi (). ''Pandektis: Name Changes of Settlements in Greece'', compiled by thInstitute for Neohellenic Research/ref> The name was also written as Ambar Köy. History Ambar Koy was mainly a Slavic speaking settlement and its population intermarried with other Slavic speaking villages in the area. In the early 1900s, Vasil Kanchov stated that the local population was composed of 300 Bulgarians and 66 Turks, whereas Hilmi Pasha described the village as inhabited only by 195 Bulgarians. During the period of the Balkan Wars, the Greek army destroyed the settlement and it was repopulated by people from the village of Mandritsa in Bulgaria. Until World War II, relatives from both villages would visit each other. In the 1980s only middle aged and elderly generations with ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Souliotes
The Souliotes were an Greek Orthodox Church, Orthodox Christian Albanian tribes, Albanian tribal community in the area of Souli in Epirus from the 16th century to the beginning of the 19th century, who via their participation in the Greek War of Independence came to identify with the Greece, Greek nation. They originated from Albanians, Albanian clans that settled in the highlands of Thesprotia in the Late Middle Ages and established an autonomous confederation dominating a large number of neighbouring villages in the Pindus, mountainous areas of Epirus, where they successfully resisted Ottoman rule for many years. At the height of its power, in the second half of the 18th century, the Souliote confederacy is estimated to have consisted of up to 4,500 inhabitants. After the revolution, they migrated to and settled in newly independent Greece, and assimilated into the Greeks, Greek people. The Souliotes were followers of the Ecumenical Patriarchate of Constantinople. They spoke the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Qadaa
A kaza (, "judgment" or "jurisdiction") was an administrative division of the Ottoman Empire. It is also discussed in English under the names district, subdistrict, and juridical district. Kazas continued to be used by some of the empire's successor states. At present, they are used by Iraq, Lebanon, Jordan, and in Arabic discussion of Israel. In these contexts, they are also known by the Arabic name qada, qadā, or qadaa (, ). Former use Ottoman Empire In the Ottoman Empire, a kaza was originally equivalent to the kadiluk, the district subject to the legal and administrative jurisdiction of a kadi or judge of Islamic law. This usually corresponded to a major city of the empire with its surrounding villages. A small number of kazas made up each sanjak ("banner") under a sanjakbey. Each kaza was in turn made up of one or more nahiyes ("districts") under müdürs and mütesellims and several karyes ("villages") under muhtars. With the first round of '' Tanzimat'' reforms in ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Greek Macedonia
Macedonia ( ; , ) is a geographic and former administrative region of Greece, in the southern Balkans. Macedonia is the largest and geographic region in Greece, with a population of 2.36 million (as of 2020). It is highly mountainous, with major urban centres such as Thessaloniki and Kavala being concentrated on its southern coastline. Together with Thrace, along with Thessaly and Epirus occasionally, it is part of Northern Greece. Greek Macedonia encompasses entirely the southern part of the wider region of Macedonia, making up 51% of the total area of that region. Additionally, it widely constitutes Greece's borders with three countries: Albania to the northwest, North Macedonia to the north, and Bulgaria to the northeast. Greek Macedonia incorporates most of the territories of ancient Macedon, a Greek kingdom ruled by the Argeads, whose most celebrated members were Alexander the Great and his father Philip II. Before the expansion of Macedonia under Philip in the 4 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kilkis
Kilkis () is a city in Central Macedonia, Greece. As of 2021 there were 24,130 people living in the city proper, 27,493 people living in the municipal unit, and 45,308 in the municipality of Kilkis. It is also the capital city of the regional unit of Kilkis (regional unit), Kilkis. The area of Kilkis, during the 20th century, became several times a war theatre; during the Macedonian Struggle, the Balkan Wars, World War I, World War II, the Greek Resistance and the Greek civil war. Name Kilkis is located in a region that was multi-ethnic in the recent past and is known by several different names. The name of the city in Roman and early Byzantine times was Callicum or Callicus (Greek: Καλλικών, Καλλικώς) and was later known as Kalkis or Kilkis. In Bulgarian and Macedonian, it is known as Kukush (Кукуш). In a Greek church Codеx of 1732 it is mentioned as ''Kilkisi'' (), while in a Slavic church Codеx from 1741 it is mentioned as ''Kukush'' (Кукуш, Ку ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Constantinople
Constantinople (#Names of Constantinople, see other names) was a historical city located on the Bosporus that served as the capital of the Roman Empire, Roman, Byzantine Empire, Byzantine, Latin Empire, Latin, and Ottoman Empire, Ottoman empires between its consecration in 330 until 1930, when it was renamed to Istanbul. Initially as New Rome, Constantinople was founded in 324 during the reign of Constantine the Great on the site of the existing settlement of Byzantium, and shortly thereafter in 330 became the capital of the Roman Empire. Following the collapse of the Western Roman Empire in the late 5th century, Constantinople remained the capital of the Eastern Roman Empire (also known as the Byzantine Empire; 330–1204 and 1261–1453), the Latin Empire (1204–1261), and the Ottoman Empire (1453–1922). Following the Turkish War of Independence, the Turkish capital then moved to Ankara. Although the city had been known as Istanbul since 1453, it was officially renamed as Is ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ottoman Empire
The Ottoman Empire (), also called the Turkish Empire, was an empire, imperial realm that controlled much of Southeast Europe, West Asia, and North Africa from the 14th to early 20th centuries; it also controlled parts of southeastern Central Europe, between the early 16th and early 18th centuries. The empire emerged from a Anatolian beyliks, ''beylik'', or principality, founded in northwestern Anatolia in by the Turkoman (ethnonym), Turkoman tribal leader Osman I. His successors Ottoman wars in Europe, conquered much of Anatolia and expanded into the Balkans by the mid-14th century, transforming their petty kingdom into a transcontinental empire. The Ottomans ended the Byzantine Empire with the Fall of Constantinople, conquest of Constantinople in 1453 by Mehmed II. With its capital at History of Istanbul#Ottoman Empire, Constantinople (modern-day Istanbul) and control over a significant portion of the Mediterranean Basin, the Ottoman Empire was at the centre of interacti ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Treaty Of Constantinople (1913)
The Treaty of Constantinople (Treaty of İstanbul) was a treaty between the Ottoman Empire and the Kingdom of Bulgaria signed on 29 September 1913 after the Second Balkan War at the Ottoman capital Constantinople, modern İstanbul. Background In the First Balkan War, the coalition of Bulgaria, Serbia, Greece and Montenegro defeated the Ottoman Empire. The Turks lost nearly all their European possessions, save for a small territory around the Sea of Marmara by the Treaty of London. The Ottomans however were able to recover Eastern Thrace during the Second Balkan War. Although peace talks between Bulgaria and her other neighbours were held in Bucharest, the Ottoman Empire was not represented there and conducted separate negotiations which led to the Treaty of Constantinople. The treaty The terms of the treaty were:Sina Akşin: ''Çağdaş Türkiye 1908–1980'', Cem Yayınevi, İstanbul, 2008 p. 50 # Bulgaria acknowledged Ottoman gains of Adrianople (mod. Edirne), Kırkl ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Second Balkan War
The Second Balkan War was a conflict that broke out when Kingdom of Bulgaria, Bulgaria, dissatisfied with its share of the spoils of the First Balkan War, attacked its former allies, Kingdom of Serbia, Serbia and Kingdom of Greece, Greece, on 16 (Old Style, O.S.) / 29 (N.S.) June 1913. Serbian and Greek armies repulsed the Bulgarian offensive and counterattacked, entering Bulgaria. With Bulgaria also having previously engaged in territorial disputes with Kingdom of Romania, Romania and the bulk of Bulgarian forces engaged in the south, the prospect of an easy victory incited Romanian intervention against Bulgaria. The Ottoman Empire also took advantage of the situation to regain some lost territories from the previous war. When Romanian troops approached the capital Sofia, Bulgaria asked for an armistice, resulting in the Treaty of Bucharest (1913), Treaty of Bucharest, in which Bulgaria had to cede portions of its First Balkan War gains to Serbia, Greece and Romania. In the Trea ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
