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Malay–Portuguese Conflicts
The Malay–Portuguese conflicts were military engagements between the forces of the Portuguese Empire and the various Malay states and dynasties, fought intermittently from 1509 to 1641 in the Malay Peninsula and Strait of Malacca. Background In 1498, after decades of exploratory efforts, the Portuguese navigator Vasco da Gama reached India, landing at Kozhikode, Calicut. He returned to Lisbon in 1499, ushering a new age of European presence in the East. King Manuel I of Portugal, Manuel wished to become involved in the Indian Ocean trade network, expecting to derive great profits from importing spices to Europe via the Cape Route, bypassing the numerous middle-men that traded in valuable merchandise through the Red Sea, Mamluk Sultanate, Egypt and the Middle East, where they were acquired by Republic of Venice, Venetian merchants and sold in Europe. The existence of the wealthy trade hub of Malacca was known to King Manuel of Portugal since at least 1505, from second-hand in ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Portuguese Presence In Asia
The Portuguese presence in Asia was responsible for what would be the first of many contacts between European countries and the East, starting on May 20, 1498 with the trip led by Vasco da Gama to Calicut, India (in modern-day Kerala state in India). Aside from being part of the European colonisation of Southeast Asia in the 16th century, Portugal's goal in the Indian Ocean was to ensure their monopoly in the spice trade, establishing several fortresses and commercial trading posts. Background The inaccuracy of geographical knowledge before the discoveries led people to believe that Asia lay at the beginning of the Nile River and not the Red Sea, allowing the inclusion of Ethiopia in Asia and the extension of the word India to incorporate these and other parts of Eastern Africa. Here, according to an old legend, lived a Christian emperor, wealthy and powerful, known as Prester John. The name Prester John seems to derive from zan hoy (my master), an Ethiopian term used by the po ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Garcia De Sá
Garcia de Sá (1486 – 13 June 1549) was a Portuguese nobleman, soldier (military officer), explorer, fidalgo of the Royal Household, who was the 14th ruler of Portuguese India as governor from June 1548 to 13 June 1549. Biography Birth and parents Garcia de Sá was born in a noble family in Porto, Portugal, around 1486. His father was João Rodrigues de Sá, senhor (lord) of Sever, who was a chamberlain-in-chief and fidalgo of the Board of Dom Afonso V. His mother was Dona Joana de Albuquerque.Translated from the article "Garcia de Sá" of Portuguese Wikipedia. His father had titles: * Alcaide-in-chief of Porto for interest and the heraldry (16 June 1449) * Senhor (lord) of Matosinhos, Sever, Barreiro, Paiva, Baltar, Gondomar, Aguiar de Sousa e Bouças (13 February 1459), etc.. His father had counties: * Massarelos (15 March 1468), * São João da Foz (29 December 1469), His father was third time married Joana de Albuquerque with actual confirmation on 21 June 1 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pati Unus
Pati Unus aka Yat Sun (Javanese: ꦥꦠꦶꦪꦸꦤꦸꦱ꧀, Chinese: 逸新, Pinyin: ''Yat Sun'') known as Pangeran Sabrang Lor (1488–1521) was the second Sultan of Demak who reigned from 1518 to 1521. Pati Unus' real name is Raden Abdul Qadir. He is the crown prince of Raden Patah, the founder of Demak. According to Tome Pires in 1513, Pati Unus was 25 years old and had finished invading Malacca in the first attack. In 1521, Pati Unus led a second invasion of Malacca against the Portuguese occupation. However, he was killed in battle and was succeeded by his sister-in-law, Trenggana as the next king of Demak. Origin In the ''Suma Oriental'', Tomé Pires mentions a man named "Pate Onus" or "Pate Unus". He was the brother-in-law of Pate Rodim, the ruler of Demak. Pate Rodim is a figure who is synonymous with Raden Patah, the founder and first king of Demak. In the ''Hikayat Banjar'', the king of Demak Sultan Surya Alam helped Pangeran Samudera, the ruler of Banjarmasin ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Abdul Jalil Shah III Of Johor
Sultan Abdul Jalil Shah III ibni Almarhum Sultan Alauddin Riayat Shah III was the Sultan of Pahang and Johor who reigned from 1615 to 1617 and 1623 to 1677 respectively. Known as Raja Bujang before his accession, he was a son of the 5th Sultan of Johor, Alauddin Riayat Shah III and a nephew of the 6th Sultan of Johor, Abdullah Ma'ayat Shah. He was the last Sultan of Pahang of the Malacca dynasty to rule Pahang independently from Johor until the independence of the Pahang Kingdom. Ruler of Pahang and Sultan of Johor-Pahang In 1615, Alauddin Riayat Shah III of Johor signed a peace treaty with Portuguese Malacca, and as a sign of gratitude, the Portuguese recognised Raja Bujang as the ruler of Pahang, replacing Alauddin Riayat Shah of Pahang who had been deposed 1615 by the Johorese. However, the appointment was not recognised by Sultan Iskandar Muda of Aceh, which later invaded Pahang and forced Raja Bujang to flee to the islands of Lingga. At the same time, the Acehnese waged war ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Abdullah Ma'ayat Shah Of Johor
Sultan Abdullah Ma'ayat Shah was Sultan of Johor from 1615 to 1623. Before he became sultan of Johor, Abdullah Ma'ayat Shah was also known as Raja Bongsu, Raja Seberang or Raja di Hilir. Kota Seberang was described as the personal "fiefdom" of Raja Bongsu by Admiral Cornelis Matelief de Jonge. He controlled the settlement which was located almost straight across the Johor River from the royal administrative center and capital Batu Sawar. He is also said to have controlled areas around the Sambas River on the island of Borneo. Biography According to the testimony of Dutch Admiral Cornelis Matelief de Jonge, Raja Bongsu was one of four surviving sons of Raja Ali bin Abdul Jalil (alias Raja Omar) of Johor. The other remaining male siblings and half-siblings were described by Admiral Matelief as Raja Siak, Raja Laut, and Alauddin Riayat Shah III. The latter ruled as the sixth sultan of Johor between the death of his father Raja Ali Jalla in 1597 and the Acehnese attack on Johor in ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Alauddin Riayat Shah III Of Johor
Sultan Alauddin Riayat Shah III was the Sultan of Johor and reigned from 1597 to 1615. He resided at the new capital of Johor at Batu Sawar, but later moved his administration to Pasir Raja around 1609. In 1612, at the instigation of his co-ruler and half-brother Abdullah, (better known from period historical documents as Raja Bongsu or Raja Seberang; who after 1613 ruled as Abdullah Ma'ayat Shah) and Bendahara Tun Sri Lanang oversaw the editorial and compilation process of the ''Malay Annals'', one of the most important Malay literary works. In 1606 Alauddin allied with the Dutch to fight the Portuguese in an attempt to oust them from Malacca in a joint military campaign. To this end he ratified two treaties with the Dutch Admiral Cornelis Matelieff de Jonge in May and September 1606. Following a crippling blockade of the Johor River in 1608 and 1609, he signed a peace agreement with the Portuguese in October 1610. His fate and death remain uncertain. Some claim that he fled ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ali Jalla Abdul Jalil Shah II Of Johor
Ali Jalla Abdul Jalil Shah II (died 1597) was the Sultan of Johor from 1571 to 1597. Ali Jalla Abdul Jalil Shah II married Fatima Raja, sister of Sultan of Johor Muzaffar II of Johor. On Muzaffar II's death, Ali Jalla and Fatima's son Abdul Jalil I of Johor became the sultan. He died less than a year later and Ali Jalla was then made sultan. During Ali Jalla Abdul Jalil Shah II's reign, he oversaw the reconstruction of the sultanate's former eponymous capital and its transformation into a trading port after it was destroyed by the Aceh Sultanate The Sultanate of Aceh, officially the Kingdom of Aceh Darussalam (; Jawoë: ), was a sultanate centered in the modern-day Indonesian province of Aceh. It was a major regional power in the 16th and 17th centuries, before experiencing a long pe ... in 1564. In 1587, the city was sieged, sacked, and razed by the Portuguese. Sourcesarticle translated from Malay by google translate on the Sultans of Johor 1597 deaths Sulta ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Abdul Jalil I Of Johor
Sultan Abdul Jalil I (died 1571) was the Sultan of Johor from 1570 to 1571. Abdul Jalil I was the nephew of his predecessor Muzaffar II of Johor. Abdul Jalil I died after only a year of rule due to poisoning according to some. He died in 1571 and was succeeded as sultan by his father Ali Jalla Abdul Jalil Shah II Ali Jalla Abdul Jalil Shah II (died 1597) was the Sultan of Johor from 1571 to 1597. Ali Jalla Abdul Jalil Shah II married Fatima Raja, sister of Sultan of Johor Muzaffar II of Johor. On Muzaffar II's death, Ali Jalla and Fatima's son Abdul Jal .... Sources * Year of birth missing 1571 deaths Sultans of Johor 16th-century monarchs in Asia Child monarchs from Asia 16th-century murdered monarchs Deaths by poisoning Monarchs who died as children People murdered in 1571 People from the Johor Sultanate {{Malaysia-royal-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Muzaffar II Of Johor
Sultan Muzaffar Shah II (1546–1570) was the second Sultan of Johor. He was known as Raja Muda Perdana before he succeeded the throne. He was installed as Sultan of Johor in 1564 by the Acehnese upon the death of his father, Sultan Alauddin Riayat Shah II, who died shortly after he was captured and brought back to Aceh after the Acehnese invasion of Johor. Muzaffar II moved his capital to Seluyut in 1565 from Johor Lama to assert his independence from the Acehnese. He died of poison in 1570 and was succeeded by Sultan Abdul Jalil Shah I. Personal life He had three wives. His first wife was Tun Mas Jiwa, daughter of the Temenggong, Tun Hassan. His second wife was Tun Trang, daughter of Tun Ali, Seri Nara Diraja of Pahang, and Tun Fatimah. Tun Trang bore him a son, Raja Radin. His third wife was the former wife of Sultan Ali Jalla Abdul Jalil Shah II and daughter of Sultan Husain Ali Riayat Shah of Aceh Aceh ( , ; , Jawi script, Jawoë: ; Van Ophuijsen Spelling System ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Alauddin Riayat Shah II Of Johor
Sultan Alauddin Riayat Shah II ibni Almarhum Sultan Mahmud Shah (died 1564) was the first Sultan of Johor and ruled from 1528 to 1564. He founded the Johor Sultanate following the fall of Malacca to the Portuguese in 1511. He was the second son of Mahmud Shah of Malacca. Thus, Johor was a successor state of Malacca and Johor's sultans follow the numbering system of Malacca. Throughout his reign, he faced constant threats from the Portuguese as well as the emerging Aceh Sultanate. Founding of Johor and Portuguese threats In 1529, Alauddin Riayat founded his first capital in Hujung Tanah, known as Pekan Tua, 11 km upriver from Kota Tinggi, following the death of his father. A river fort, Kota Kara, was also founded down the river. In 1535, about 400 Portuguese troops led by Estêvão da Gama invaded Johor. Kota Kara was bombarded but the Malays withstood the attack. After a few days, Portuguese troops landed and bombarded the fort but they also had to retreat. Encourage ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mahmud Shah Of Malacca
Sultan Mahmud Shah ibni Almarhum Sultan Alauddin Riayat Shah (died 1528) ruled the Sultanate of Malacca from 1488 to 1511, and again as pretender to the throne from 1513 to 1528. He was son to Sultan Alauddin Riayat Shah. As a monarch, he was known to be a ruthless ruler. After the capture of Malacca and the downfall of the century long sultanate; Mahmud left for Bintan and became a leader of a small confederacy which led attacks against Portuguese-occupied Malacca in the late 1510s. After retaliation from the Portuguese in 1526, he fled to Riau and died there in 1528. He had several wives, the most notable being Tun Teja. The sultan was surrounded by able men and warriors such as Hang Tuah, Khoja Hassan and Hang Nadim. He had three sons; Ahmad Shah, Muzaffar Shah I and Alauddin Riayat Shah II. Muzaffar and Alauddin Riayat would later form the sultanates of Perak Perak (; Perak Malay: ''Peghok'') is a States and federal territories of Malaysia, state of Malaysia on the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
André Furtado De Mendonça
André Furtado de Mendonça (1558 – 1 April 1611) was a captain and governor of Portuguese India, and a military commander during Portuguese expansion into Ceylon, India, Indonesia and Malacca. Biography He was a son of Afonso Furtado Mendoça, commander of Beja and Rio Maior and D. Joana Sousa. André Furtado was curious to develop combat knowledge and he started to study combat, meteorology and oceanography and cartography when he was 18 years old. He joined the military and became a successful captain at the age of 25. He served some of the Portuguese colonial countries in the Indian Ocean for the Portuguese Empire. Portuguese Ceylon André Furtado de Mendonça led the forces of a company of 1,400 Portuguese and 3,000 lascarins against King Puviraja Pandaram as the second expedition in Mannar and gained victory, and continued his campaign to the heartland of the Jaffna kingdom. Captain André Furtado killed king Puvirasa Pandaram in 1591. After the death of Puviras ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
