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Makapili
The Makabayang Katipunan ng mga Pilipino (''Patriotic Association of Filipinos''), better known as the Makapili, was a militant group formed in the Philippines on December 8, 1944, during World War II to give military aid to the Imperial Japanese Army. The group was meant to be on equal basis with the Japanese Army and its leaders were appointed with ranks that were equal to their Japanese counterparts. Background As the Japanese-sponsored Second Philippine Republic was established on October 14, 1943, with the Declaration of Independence by Pres. Jose P. Laurel, Prime Minister Hideki Tojo expected the Philippine leadership to openly side with Japan with a declaration of war against the United States and Great Britain. Pres. Laurel resisted this, and in the alliance treaty he drafted he left out the provision of conscription of Filipinos to fight for Japan. With Laurel's lack of cooperation to the Japanese goals, Gen. Shigenori Kuroda enlisted the help of Benigno Ramos to f ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Philippine Resistance Against Japan
During the Japanese occupation of the islands in World War II, there was an extensive Philippine resistance movement (), which opposed the Japanese and their collaborators with active underground and guerrilla activity that increased over the years. Fighting the guerrillas – apart from the Japanese regular forces – were a Japanese-formed Bureau of Constabulary (later taking the name of the old Philippine Constabulary during the '' Second Republic''), the Kenpeitai (the Japanese military police), and the Makapili (Filipinos fighting for the Japanese). Postwar studies estimate that around 260,000 people were organized under guerrilla groups and that members of anti-Japanese underground organizations were more numerous. Such was their effectiveness that by the end of World War II, Japan controlled only twelve of the forty-eight provinces. Select units of the resistance would go on to be reorganized and equipped as units of the Philippine Army and Constabulary. The United S ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Benigno Ramos
:''See Pugad Baboy for the Filipino comic character Igno who shares this name.'' Benigno "Ben Ruben" Ramos y Pantaleón (February 10, 1892 – disappeared 1945) was a Filipino author, writer, organization founder, politician, and was an advocate for the independence of the Philippines from the United States who collaborated with Japan. Educated in Bulacan, Ramos went to work there as a teacher. Later, whilst based in Manila, he entered the civil service and by 1928 had risen to a high position with the Senate Staff. He became a member of the Nacionalista Party and a close associate of Manuel L. Quezon but this came to an end in 1930 when he joined a wildcat strike by teachers in the capital, causing Quezon to demand his resignation. Ramos did so but became a figure of anti-Quezon agitation, setting up a Tagalog language newspaper ''Sakdal'' which gained a wide circulation in rural areas. Ramos reconstituted his followers as the Sakdalista movement. Gaining as many as 20,000 mem ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Artemio Ricarte
Artemio Ricarte y García (October 20, 1866 – July 31, 1945) was a Filipino general during the Philippine Revolution and the Philippine–American War. He is regarded as the ''Father of the Philippine Army'', and the first Chief of Staff of the Armed Forces of the Philippines (March 22, 1897- January 22, 1899) though the present Philippine Army descended from the American-allied forces that defeated the Philippine Revolutionary Army led by General Ricarte. Ricarte is notable for never having taken an oath of allegiance to the United States government that occupied the Philippines from 1898 to 1946. Early life Artemio Ricarte was the middle child of Esteban Ricarte y Faustino and Bonifacia Garcia y Rigonan; the others were Uno and Ylumidad. They were all born in the town of Batac, Ilocos Norte. Artemio finished his early studies in his hometown and moved to Manila for his tertiary education. He enrolled at the Colegio de San Juan de Letran graduating with a Bachelor of Arts ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ganap Party
The Ganap Party was a Filipino political party that grew from the Sakdalista movement. Benigno Ramos, who served as its leader, was also the founder of the Sakdalista movement. The party took its name from the Tagalog word ', which means "complete". Inception In May 1935, the Sakdalista movement called for a popular uprising where patriots would peacefully march to seize control of the nation from American collaborators. This failed, with the collaborationist forces firing upon the protestors, killing hundreds and arresting thousands. Sakdal party leader Benigno Ramos returned to the Philippines in 1938, after three years in exile protected by Japan. Anxious to regroup after the failed May uprising, he formed Ganap. It was therefore not surprising that the party was pro-Japan in outlook and saw an alliance with them as the road to independence. Ramos named the party Ganap because he was anxious to kickstart their election campaign. Their propaganda was so rabidly pro-Japanese a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Second Philippine Republic
The Second Philippine Republic, officially the Republic of the Philippines and also known as the Japanese-sponsored Philippine Republic, was a Japanese-Axis powers, backed government established on October 14, 1943, during the Japanese occupation of the Philippines, Japanese occupation of the islands until its dissolution on August 17, 1945. Background After the Japanese invasion of the Philippines, President of the Philippines, President Manuel L. Quezon had declared the capital city, national capital Manila an "open city", and left it under the rule of Jorge B. Vargas, as mayor. The Japanese entered the city on January 2, 1942, and established it as the capital. Japan fully captured the Philippines on May 6, 1942, after the Battle of Corregidor. General Masaharu Homma decreed the dissolution of the Commonwealth of the Philippines and established the Philippine Executive Commission (), a caretaker government, with Vargas as its first chairman in January 1942. KALIBAPI – (Ta ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Japanese Occupation Of The Philippines
The Japanese occupation of the Philippines (Filipino language, Filipino: ''Pananakop ng mga Hapones sa Pilipinas''; ) occurred between 1942 and 1945, when the Empire of Japan, Japanese Empire occupied the Commonwealth of the Philippines during World War II. The Battle of the Philippines (1941–42), invasion of the Philippines started on 8 December 1941, ten hours after the attack on Pearl Harbor. As at Pearl Harbor, American aircraft were severely damaged in the initial Japanese attack. Lacking air cover, the American Asiatic Fleet in the Philippines withdrew to Java on 12 December 1941. General Douglas MacArthur Douglas MacArthur's escape from the Philippines, was ordered out, leaving his men at Corregidor on the night of 11 March 1942 for Australia, 4,000 km away. The 76,000 starving and sick American and Filipino defenders in Bataan surrendered on 9 April 1942, and were forced to endure the infamous Bataan Death March on which 7,000–10,000 died or were murdered. The 13,000 s ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Arnaiz Avenue
Antonio Arnáiz Avenue, also known simply as Avenida Arnáiz and by its former official name Pásay Road, is a major east–west collector road linking Makati and Pasay in the Philippines. It stretches across western Metro Manila from Roxas Boulevard in Pasay to Epifanio de los Santos Avenue (EDSA/ C-4) in Makati. The Osmeña Highway splits Arnaiz Avenue into two sections. The western section, found mostly in Pasay, is a congested and highly pedestrianized road that used to be known as ''Calle Libertad''. This section passes through some of the most important Pasay landmarks, such as the Cuneta Astrodome, Cartimar shopping district and Santa Clara de Montefalco Parish. Also located within the vicinity are the Department of Foreign Affairs building, old Pasay City Hall, Pasay City Sports Complex, and Pasay Cemetery. East of Osmeña Highway, the avenue enters the Makati Central Business District, where it merges with traffic from a Skyway ramp near the Amorsolo Street junct ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Taft Avenue
Taft Avenue (; ) is a major road in southern Metro Manila. It passes through three cities in the metropolis: Manila, Pasay, and Parañaque. The road was named after the former Governor-General of the Philippines and President of the United States, U.S. President William Howard Taft; the Philippines was a former Commonwealth (U.S. insular area), commonwealth territory of the United States in the first half of the 20th century. The avenue is a component of National Route 170 (N170), a secondary road in the Philippine highway network and Radial Road 2 (R-2) of the List of roads in Metro Manila, Manila arterial road network. Route description From the north, Taft Avenue starts as an eight-lane avenue, with four lanes per direction, at the Lagusnilad vehicular underpass at its intersection with Padre Burgos Avenue in Ermita, Manila, Ermita. It then crosses Ayala Boulevard and Finance Street and forms the eastern edge of Rizal Park up to Kalaw Avenue. It then crosses United Nations A ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pasay
Pasay, officially the City of Pasay (; ), is a Cities of the Philippines#Legal classification, highly urbanized city in the Metro Manila, National Capital Region of the Philippines. According to the 2020 Philippine census, 2020 census, it has a population of 440,656 people. Due to its location just south of Manila, Pasay quickly became an urban town during the History of the Philippines (1898–1946), American colonial period. It is now best known for being the site of most of Ninoy Aquino International Airport and of complexes such as Newport City, Metro Manila, Newport City and the SM Mall of Asia, SM Central Business Park. Etymology There are possible explanations on the origins of the city's name: *A legend suggested that it may have been named after Dayang-dayang Pasay, a princess of the Kingdom of Namayan and daughter of Maynila (historical polity), Kingdom of Maynila ruler Rajah Sulayman. She inherited half of her father's lands, which encompasses the present-day city, a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Battle Of Manila (1945)
The Battle of Manila (; ; ; ) was a major battle during the Philippines Campaign (1944–45), Philippine campaign of 1944–45, during the Second World War. It was fought by forces from both the United States and the Commonwealth of the Philippines, Philippines against Japanese troops in Manila, the capital city of the Philippines. The month-long battle, which resulted in the death of at least 100,000 civilians and the complete devastation of the city, was the scene of the worst urban warfare, urban fighting fought by American forces in the Pacific War, Pacific theater. During the battle, Japanese forces committed Manila massacre, mass murder against Filipino civilians, while American firepower also killed many people. The fierce resistance of Japanese troops entrenched in many of the city's landmarks, along with the usage of massed artillery barrages by American forces to dislodge them, destroyed much of Manila's architectural and cultural heritage dating back to the city's fou ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
11th Airborne Division
The 11th Airborne Division ("Arctic Angels") is a United States Army multirole infantry division made up of specialized light infantry and airborne infantry based in Alaska. Currently, this unit specializes in arctic warfare, airborne operations, combined arms, maneuver warfare, and urban warfare. First activated on 25 February 1943, during World War II, it was held in reserve in the United States until June 1944 when it was transferred to the Pacific Theater where it saw combat in the Philippines. On 30 August 1945 the division was sent to southern Japan as part of the occupation force where it remained for four years. One parachute infantry regiment was detached for service in the Korean War. On 30 June 1958 the division was inactivated. In the summer of 2022 the U.S. Army Alaska headquarters was redesignated as the 11th Airborne Division, and the two Brigade Combat Teams in Alaska, the 1st Brigade Combat Team and 4th Brigade Combat Team, 25th Infantry Division, were ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tomoyuki Yamashita
was a Japanese general in the Imperial Japanese Army during World War II. Yamashita led Japanese forces during the invasion of Malaya and Battle of Singapore. His conquest of Malaya and Singapore in 70 days earned him the sobriquet "The Tiger of Malaya" and led to the British Prime Minister Winston Churchill calling the ignominious fall of Singapore to Japan the "worst disaster" and "largest capitulation" in British military history. He was assigned to defend the Philippines from the advancing Allies later in the war. Although he was unable to prevent the superior Allied forces from advancing, despite dwindling supplies and Allied guerrilla action, he was able to hold on to part of Luzon until after the formal surrender of Japan in August 1945. Under Yamashita's command, at least 350,000 to 450,000 were killed. Yamashita was in overall command during the Sook Ching massacre, the Rape of Manila, and other atrocities. After the war, Yamashita was tried for war crimes commit ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
