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Magyar Légierő
The Hungarian Air Force (, ), is the air force branch of the Hungarian Defence Forces. The primary focus of the present Hungarian Air Force lies in defensive operations. The flying units operate are organised into a single command; under the Air Command and Control Centre. History 1918 to pre–World War II Following the dissolution of the Austro-Hungarian Monarchy in 1918, a small air arm was established operating surviving aircraft from Hungarian factories and training schools. This air arm became the Hungarian Red Air Force under the short-lived Hungarian Soviet Republic, but was disbanded upon its downfall. World War II Under the Treaty of Trianon (1920), Hungary was forbidden from owning military aircraft. However, a secret air arm was gradually established under the cover of civilian flying clubs. During 1938, as a result of the Bled agreement, the existence of the Royal Hungarian Air Force (), was made known. The army's aviation service was reorganized and expande ...
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Air Force
An air force in the broadest sense is the national military branch that primarily conducts aerial warfare. More specifically, it is the branch of a nation's armed services that is responsible for aerial warfare as distinct from an army aviation or naval aviation units. Typically, air forces are responsible for air supremacy, gaining control of the air, carrying out Strategic bombing, strategic and tactical bombing missions, and providing support to land forces, land and naval forces often in the form of aerial reconnaissance and close air support. The term air force may also refer to a tactical air force or numbered air force, which is an operational formation either within a national air force or comprising several air components from allied nations. Air forces typically consist of a combination of fighter aircraft, fighters, bombers, Military helicopter, helicopters, Military transport aircraft, transport planes and other aircraft. Many air forces may command and control ot ...
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Military Of Hungary
The Hungarian Defence Forces (, ) is the national defence force of Hungary. Since 2007, the Hungarian Armed Forces has been under a unified command structure. The Ministry of Defence maintains political and civil control over the army. A subordinate Joint Forces Command coordinates and commands the HDF corps. In 2020, the armed forces had 22,700 personnel on active duty. In 2019, military spending was $1.904 billion, about 1.22% of the country's GDP, well below the NATO target of 2%.Stockholm International Peace Research Institute: Military Expenditure Database
sipri.org, accessed 18 July 2020 (download data for all countries from 1949 to 2019 as an Excel spreadsheet).
In 2016, the government adopted a resolution in which it pledged to increase defence spending to 2.0% of GDP ...
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Soviet Union
The Union of Soviet Socialist Republics. (USSR), commonly known as the Soviet Union, was a List of former transcontinental countries#Since 1700, transcontinental country that spanned much of Eurasia from 1922 until Dissolution of the Soviet Union, it dissolved in 1991. During its existence, it was the list of countries and dependencies by area, largest country by area, extending across Time in Russia, eleven time zones and sharing Geography of the Soviet Union#Borders and neighbors, borders with twelve countries, and the List of countries and dependencies by population, third-most populous country. An overall successor to the Russian Empire, it was nominally organized as a federal union of Republics of the Soviet Union, national republics, the largest and most populous of which was the Russian SFSR. In practice, Government of the Soviet Union, its government and Economy of the Soviet Union, economy were Soviet-type economic planning, highly centralized. As a one-party state go ...
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Kingdom Of Romania
The Kingdom of Romania () was a constitutional monarchy that existed from with the crowning of prince Karl of Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen as King of Romania, King Carol I of Romania, Carol I (thus beginning the Romanian royal family), until 1947 with the abdication of King Michael I of Romania, Michael I and the Romanian parliament's proclamation of the Socialist Republic of Romania, Romanian People's Republic. From 1859 to 1877, Romania evolved from a personal union of two Principality, principalities: (Moldavia and Wallachia) called the Unification of Moldavia and Wallachia also known as "The Little Union" under a single prince to an autonomous principality with a House of Hohenzollern, Hohenzollern monarchy. The country gained its independence from the Ottoman Empire during the Russo-Turkish War (1877–1878), 1877–1878 Russo-Turkish War (known locally as the Romanian War of Independence), after which it was forced to cede the southern part of Bessarabia in exchange for Northern ...
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WWII Slovak Republic
World War II or the Second World War (1 September 1939 – 2 September 1945) was a global conflict between two coalitions: the Allies and the Axis powers. Nearly all of the world's countries participated, with many nations mobilising all resources in pursuit of total war. Tanks and aircraft played major roles, enabling the strategic bombing of cities and delivery of the first and only nuclear weapons ever used in war. World War II is the deadliest conflict in history, causing the death of 70 to 85 million people, more than half of whom were civilians. Millions died in genocides, including the Holocaust, and by massacres, starvation, and disease. After the Allied victory, Germany, Austria, Japan, and Korea were occupied, and German and Japanese leaders were tried for war crimes. The causes of World War II included unresolved tensions in the aftermath of World War I and the rise of fascism in Europe and militarism in Japan. Key events preceding the war included Ja ...
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László Háry
(Sir) László Háry (11 August 1890, Gyömöre – 13 February 1953, Kistarcsa) was a major general, aviator and a Commander of the First Independent Hungarian Air Force. Life During World War I, Háry started as a field pilot, flying behind enemy lines. By July 1918 he had conducted more than 80 air-fights. He was involved in a serious accident and received the Lipót medal. In 1922 Háry started to teach trainee pilots, together with Waldemár Kenese. Later, he became the leader of the Hungarian Aero Association. In 1938 he achieved the rank of Commander. After World War II, Háry flew to Italy with his family in a converted Focke-Wulf Fw 58c Wiehe aeroplane, which had been made available for the use of the then Regent, Miklós Horthy Miklós Horthy de Nagybánya (18 June 1868 – 9 February 1957) was a Hungarian admiral and statesman who was the Regent of Hungary, regent of the Kingdom of Hungary (1920–1946), Kingdom of Hungary Hungary between the ...
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Ferenc Szentnémedy
Ferenc () is a given name of Hungarian origin. It is a cognate of Francis, Francisco, Francesco, François, Frank and Franz. People with the name include: * Ferenc Batthyány (1497–1566), Hungarian magnate and general * Ferenc Bene (1944–2006), Hungarian footballer * Ferenc Berényi (1927–2004), Hungarian artist * Ferenc Bessenyei (1919–2004), Hungarian actor * Ferenc Csik (1913–1945), Hungarian swimmer * Ferenc Deák (politician) (1803–1876), Hungarian statesman, Minister of Justice * Ferenc Deák (footballer) (1922–1998), Hungarian footballer * Ferenc Erkel (c. 1810–1893), Hungarian composer and conductor * Ferenc Farkas de Boldogfa (1713–1770), Hungarian nobleman * Ferenc Farkas (Jesuit priest) (1742–1807), Hungarian Jesuit priest * Ferenc Farkas (Zala county auditor) (1838–1908), Hungarian nobleman * Ferenc Farkas (1905–2000), Hungarian composer * Ferenc Fekete (1914–1981), Hungarian cinematographer * Ferenc Fricsay (1914–1963), Hungarian ...
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Waldemar Kenese
Waldemar, Valdemar, Valdimar, or Woldemar is an Old High German given name. It consists of the elements ''wald-'' "power", "brightness" and ''-mar'' "fame". The name is considered the equivalent of the Latvian name Valdemārs, the Estonian name Voldemar, and the Slavic names Vladimir, Volodymyr, Uladzimir or Włodzimierz. The Old Norse form ''Valdamarr'' (also ''Valdarr'') occurs in the Guðrúnarkviða II as the name of a king of the Danes. The Old Norse form is also used in Heimskringla, in the story of Harald Hardrada, as the name of a ruler of Holmgard (Veliky Novgorod).Alison Finlay (2004). ''Fagrskinna: A Catalogue of the Kings of Norway''. Brillp. 236 The ''Fagrskinna'' kings' sagas also have ''Valdamarr'', in reference to both Vladimir the Great and Vladimir Yaroslavovich. People with the name include: Royalty :''Ordered chronologically'' * Valdemar I of Denmark or Waldemar the Great (1131–1182), King of Denmark * Valdemar of Denmark (bishop) (1157/1158–1235 or ...
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Ministry Of Defence (Hungary)
The minister of defence of Hungary () is a member of the Hungarian cabinet and the head of the Ministry of Defence. The defence minister appoints the Chief of General Staff of the Hungarian Defence Forces. The current minister is Kristóf Szalay-Bobrovniczky. The position was called People's Commissar of War () during the Hungarian Soviet Republic in 1919 and Minister of War () during two short periods of Hungarian history: at the time of the Hungarian Revolution of 1848 and during a very short chaotic term (less than two years) after World War I, when three political transformations took place. Ministers of war (1848–1849) Hungarian Kingdom (1848–1849) Parties Hungarian State (1849) Parties ''After the collapse of the Hungarian Revolution of 1848, the Hungarian Kingdom became an integral part of the Austrian Empire until 1867, when dual Austro-Hungarian Monarchy was created''. Ministers of defence (1867–1918) ''From 1867 to 1918 there was a Honvédministe ...
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Ferenc Feketehalmy-Czeydner
Vitéz Ferenc Feketehalmy-Czeydner (22 November 1890 – 5 November 1946) was a Hungarian military officer who had a significant role in the Novi Sad massacre during the Second World War. Military career After training at the artillery cadet school in Traiskirchen and Theresia Military Academy, Feketehalmy-Czeydner became a lieutenant in 1910 for Zeidner Feldhaubitzregiment No. 12. During World War I, where he served as an artillery and staff officer and attained the rank of captain. After the war, he joined the newly founded Royal Hungarian Army, where he served in 1921 as a staff officer at the 7th Mixed Brigade in Miskolc. Additionally, he taught at the Hungarian Military Academy. In the inter-war period, he changed his surname in German to Feketehalmy-Czeydner. In 1928, he was transferred to the Ministry of Defence, and, in 1929, was promoted to lieutenant colonel. From November 1934 he was deputy director of the aviation ministry, and in March 1938 he became Air Force C ...
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Miklós Horthy
Miklós Horthy de Nagybánya (18 June 1868 – 9 February 1957) was a Hungarian admiral and statesman who was the Regent of Hungary, regent of the Kingdom of Hungary (1920–1946), Kingdom of Hungary Hungary between the World Wars, during the interwar period and most of World War II, from 1 March 1920 to 15 October 1944. Horthy began his career as a Junior lieutenant, sub-lieutenant in the Austro-Hungarian Navy in 1896 and attained the rank of rear admiral by 1918. He participated in the Battle of the Strait of Otranto (1917), Battle of the Strait of Otranto and ascended to the position of commander-in-chief of the Navy in the final year of World War I. Following mutinies, Charles I of Austria, Emperor-King Charles I and IV appointed him a vice admiral and commander of the Fleet, dismissing the previous admiral. During the revolutions and interventions in Hungary (1918–1920), revolutions and interventions in Hungary from Czechoslovakia, Kingdom of Romania, Romania, and Kingd ...
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Bled Agreement (1938)
The Bled agreement of 22 August 1938 revoked some of the restrictions placed on Hungary by the Treaty of Trianon for its involvement on the losing side in World War I. Representatives of Hungary and three of its neighbours—the so-called "Little Entente" of Czechoslovakia, Romania and Yugoslavia—first met at Bled in Yugoslavia on 21 August. The next day, they announced a joint renunciation of the use of force in their mutual relations, and the Little Entente recognised Hungary as having an equal right to armaments. That gave Hungary legal cover for the recreation of the Hungarian Air Force, which had already begun in secret, and for the increase of the Hungarian Army's manpower, guns and munitions. Background There had been efforts at rapprochement between Hungary and Czechoslovakia in February and June 1937 during which the latter had asked for a mutual non-aggression pact as part of any deal recognising Hungary's right to re-arm. As the re-armament had already occurred on a li ...
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