|
Magh People
The Marma () are the second-largest ethnic community in Bangladesh's Chittagong Hill Tracts, primarily residing in the Bandarban, Khagrachari and Rangamati Hill Districts. They belong to the same community as the Rakhine people. There are three endogamous groups of Marma within the Magh Community which are known as i) The Thongtha, Khyongtha, Mrokpatha, ii) The Marma, Mayamma, or Rakhaing Magh, iii) The Maramagri, otherwise called the Barua maghs. Ethnonyms Between the 17th and 18th centuries, the Rakhine began calling themselves Mranma (မြန်မာ) and its derivatives like Marama (မရမာ), as attested by texts like the ''Rakhine Minrazagri Ayedaw Sadan'' and the '' Dhanyawaddy Ayedawbon''. This endonym continues to be used by the Marma. The term "Marma" is derived from "Myanmar," which was first used in the early 1100s. In the Marma and Arakanese, Myanmar is pronounced ''Mranma'' (), not ''Myanma'' (). In the Burmese language, the Marma are known as the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Chittagong Hill Tracts
The Chittagong Hill Tracts (), often shortened to simply the Hill Tracts and abbreviated to CHT, refers to the three hilly districts within the Chittagong Division in southeastern Bangladesh, bordering India and Myanmar (Burma) in the east: Khagrachhari District, Khagrachhari, Rangamati District, Rangamati, and Bandarban District, Bandarban. Covering , CHT is an extensively hilly area and home to a Tribal peoples of Chittagong Hill Tracts, variety of tribal peoples in Bangladesh. The CHT were divided by the British in the 19th century into Tribal monarchy in Chittagong Hill Tracts, three tribal chieftaincies, the Chakma Circle, the Mong Circle and the Bohmong Circle. They formed a single Districts of Bangladesh, district until 1984, when they were divided into three separate districts. Geography The Chittagong Hill Tracts (CHT) is a extensive hilly area in Bangladesh, lie in the southeastern part of the country (210 25' N to 230 45' N latitude and 910 54' E to 920 50' E longit ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Water Festival
Water festivals are vibrant celebrations that occur across the globe, often marking the start of a new year or season. These festivals are deeply rooted in cultural and religious traditions, and they showcase the importance of water as a life-giving resource. In Asia, countries like Myanmar, Thailand, Laos, Cambodia, and the Xishuangbanna Prefecture and Dehong regions of China celebrate their respective new years with lively water festivals such as Songkran, Bunpimay, Thingyan, and Chaul Chnam Thmey. These festivities involve the joyous splashing of water, symbolizing purification and renewal. Beyond Southeast Asia and China, other countries have their own unique water-themed celebrations, from the Holi festival of colors in India to the Water Battle of Spain. These festivals serve as a reminder of the universal significance of water in our lives and our connection to it. For most Southeast Asian cultures, the festivities are a part of the broader South and Southeast Asian ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
East India Company
The East India Company (EIC) was an English, and later British, joint-stock company that was founded in 1600 and dissolved in 1874. It was formed to Indian Ocean trade, trade in the Indian Ocean region, initially with the East Indies (South Asia and Southeast Asia), and later with East Asia. The company gained Company rule in India, control of large parts of the Indian subcontinent and British Hong Kong, Hong Kong. At its peak, the company was the largest corporation in the world by various measures and had its own armed forces in the form of the company's three presidency armies, totalling about 260,000 soldiers, twice the size of the British Army at certain times. Originally Chartered company, chartered as the "Governor and Company of Merchants of London Trading into the East-Indies," the company rose to account for half of the world's trade during the mid-1700s and early 1800s, particularly in basic commodities including cotton, silk, indigo dye, sugar, salt, spices, Potass ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kingdom Of Mrauk U
The Kingdom of Mrauk-U (Arakanese language, Arakanese: မြောက်ဦး ဘုရင့်နိုင်ငံတော်) was a kingdom that existed on the Arakan coastal plain from 1429 to 1785. Based in the capital Mrauk-U, near the eastern coast of the Bay of Bengal, the kingdom ruled over what is now Rakhine State, Myanmar, and the southern part of Chittagong Division, Bangladesh. Though it started out as a protectorate of the Bengal Sultanate from 1429 to 1531, Mrauk-U went on to conquer Chittagong with the help of the Portugal, Portuguese. It twice fended off the First Toungoo Empire, Toungoo Burma's attempts to conquer the kingdom in 1546–1547, and 1580–1581. At its height of power, it briefly controlled the Bay of Bengal coastline from the Sundarbans to the Gulf of Martaban from 1599 to 1603.Myint-U 2006: 77Topich, Leitich 2013: 21 In 1666, it lost control of Chittagong after a war with the Mughal Empire. Its existence continued until 1785, when it was con ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Arakan Mountains
The Arakan Mountains, natively referred as Rakhine Yoma () and technically known as the Southern Indo-Burman Range, are a mountain range in western Myanmar, between the coast of Rakhine State and the Central Myanmar Basin, in which flows the Irrawaddy River. It is the most prominent of a series of parallel ridges that arc through Assam, Nagaland, Manipur, Mizoram and Myanmar. The Arakan Mountains run from Cape Negrais in the south to Manipur, India in the north. They include the Naga Hills, the Chin Hills, and the Patkai range which includes the Lushai Hills. The mountain chain is submerged in the Bay of Bengal for a long stretch and emerges again in the form of the Andaman and Nicobar Islands. Etymology The word ''Arakan'' is derived from the Sanskrit word ''Rakshasa'' (राक्षस) meaning ''demon'', a term used to refer to the inhabitants of the region. Geology and formation The Arakan Mountains and the parallel arcs to the west and east were formed by compression ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bandarban Marmas With Bohmong In Centre
Bandarban is a small town in Chittagong Division, Bangladesh. It is the headquarters of Bandarban District. It is located on the Sangu River. Demographics According to the 2022 Bangladesh census, Bandarban city had a population of 54,450 and a literacy rate of 85.99%. According to the 2011 Bangladesh census, Bandarban city had 8,699 households and a population of 41,434. 8,561 (20.66%) were under 10 years of age. Bandarban had a literacy rate (age 7 and over) of 67.11%, compared to the national average of 51.8%, and a sex ratio of 787 females per 1000 males. Ethnic population was 8,610 (20.78%), of which Marma were 5,494 and Tripura Tripura () is a States and union territories of India, state in northeastern India. The List of states and union territories of India by area, third-smallest state in the country, it covers ; and the seventh-least populous state with a populat ... 880. References {{Reflist Bandarban District Cities in Bangladesh Populated places in Chitt ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Magadha (Mahajanapada)
Magadha was a region and kingdom in ancient India, based in the eastern Ganges Plain. It was one of the sixteen Mahajanapadas during the Second Urbanization period. The region was ruled by several dynasties, which overshadowed, conquered, and incorporated the other Mahajanapadas. Magadha played an important role in the development of Jainism and Buddhism and formed the core of the Maurya Empire (ca. 320–185 BCE). Geography The territory of the Magadha kingdom proper before its expansion was bounded to the north, west, and east respectively by the Gaṅgā, Son, and Campā rivers, and the eastern spurs of the Vindhya mountains formed its southern border. The territory of the initial Magadha kingdom thus corresponded to the modern-day Patna and Gaya districts of the Indian state of Bihar. The region of Greater Magadha also included neighbouring regions in the eastern Gangetic plains and had a distinct culture and belief. History Vedic period (semi-legendary) (ca. 170 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Burmese Language
Burmese (; ) is a Tibeto-Burman languages, Tibeto-Burman language spoken in Myanmar, where it is the official language, lingua franca, and the native language of the Bamar people, Bamar, the country's largest ethnic group. Burmese dialects are also spoken by the indigenous tribes in Bangladesh's Chittagong Hill Tracts, India's Mizoram, Manipur, Tripura states and the Burmese diaspora. The Constitution of Myanmar officially refers to it as the Myanmar language in English, though most English speakers continue to refer to the language as ''Burmese'', after ''Burma''—a name with co-official status until 1989 (see Names of Myanmar). Burmese is the most widely-spoken language in the country, where it serves as the lingua franca. In 2019, Burmese was spoken by 42.9 million people globally, including by 32.9 million speakers as a first language, and an additional 10 million speakers as a second language. A 2023 World Bank survey found that 80% of the country's population speaks Burmese ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Arakanese Language
Rakhine (; , MLCTS: ), also known as Arakanese, is a Tibeto-Burman language spoken in western Myanmar, primarily in the Rakhine State, and parts of south-eastern Bangladesh. Closely related to Burmese, the language is spoken by the Rakhine and Marma peoples; it is estimated to have around one million native speakers and it is spoken as a second language by a further million. Though Arakanese has some similarity with standard Burmese, Burmese speakers find it difficult to communicate with Arakanese speakers. Thus, it is often considered to be a dialect or variety of Burmese. As there are no universally accepted criteria for distinguishing a language from a dialect, scholars and other interested parties often disagree about the linguistic, historical and social status of Arakanese. There are three dialects of Arakanese: Sittwe– Marma (about two thirds of speakers), Ramree, and Thandwe. Vocabulary While Arakanese and Standard Burmese share the majority of lexicon, Arak ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Dhanyawaddy Ayedawbon
''Kawitharabi Thiri-Pawara Agga-Maha-Dhammarazadiraza-Guru'' (; ), commonly known as ''Dhanyawaddy Ayedawbon'' () is a Burmese chronicle covering the history of Arakan from time immemorial to Konbaung Dynasty's annexation of Mrauk-U Kingdom The Kingdom of Mrauk-U (Arakanese language, Arakanese: မြောက်ဦး ဘုရင့်နိုင်ငံတော်) was a kingdom that existed on the Arakan coastal plain from 1429 to 1785. Based in the capital Mrauk-U, near t ... in 1785.Thaw Kaung 2010: 25, 28 It was written soon after the annexation to salvage Arakanese history after most of Mrauk-U's historical records were burned down by Konbaung forces in 1785.Myint-U 2006: 110 Rakhine Sayadaw, a Buddhist monk, tried to piece together the portions that escaped the indiscriminate destruction, and completed it in 1788. According to G.E. Harvey, a British colonial period historian, the chronicle may not be as reliable as it is "a third-hand piece of work".Harvey 1925 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Min Razagyi
Min Razagyi (Arakanese language, Arakanese and , Arakanese pronunciation: , ; c. 1557–1612), also known as Salim Shah, was king of Mrauk-U Kingdom, Arakan from 1593 to 1612. His early reign marked the continued ascent of the coastal kingdom, which reached full flight in 1599 by defeating its nemesis Toungoo dynasty, and temporarily controlling the Bay of Bengal coastline from the Sundarbans to the Gulf of Martaban until 1603.Myint-U 2006: 77Topich, Leitich 2013: 21 But the second half of his reign saw the limits of his power: he lost the Lower Burmese coastline in 1603 and a large part of Bengal coastline in 1609 due to insurrections by Portuguese mercenaries. He died in 1612 while struggling to deal with Portuguese raids on the Arakan coast itself. Early life The future king was born to Princess Saw Mi Taw (စောမိတော်, and Prince Min Phalaung, Phalaung, governor of Buthidaung Township, Sittantin, in 1557. His parents were brother and sister, both children of K ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Barua People
Barua (; ) are a Bengali-speaking Magh ethnic group who live in Chittagong Division in Bangladesh, West Bengal in India, and Rakhine State in Myanmar, where they are known as the Maramagyi or Maramagri, or particularly the Magh Barua. According to Arakanese chronology, the Barua Buddhists have lived in Myanmar for over five thousand years. In Myanmar, Barua Maghs are classified as one of the seven ethnic groups that make up the Rakhine nation. In West Bengal (India), the Barua Magh Buddhist community is recognized as a Scheduled Tribe (ST). Etymology The word 'Barua' is derived from Arakanese words: "Bo" (meaning Army Chief) and "Yoya" (meaning locality or village). Literally, Barua means "the place where an army chief resides." Over time, the people who lived in such a locality or village came to be known as Barua. History In the ancient history of Rakhine Razawin, around the middle of the second century AD (146 AD), a vassal of the Magadh's Chandra Surya Kingdom es ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
