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Machu Picchu
Machu Picchu is a 15th-century Inca citadel located in the Eastern Cordillera of southern Peru on a mountain ridge at . Often referred to as the "Lost City of the Incas", it is the most familiar icon of the Inca Empire. It is located in the Machupicchu District within the Urubamba Province above the Sacred Valley, which is northwest of the city of Cusco. The Urubamba River flows past it, cutting through the Cordillera and creating a canyon with a subtropical mountain climate. The Inca civilization had no written language and following the first encounter by the Spanish soldier Baltasar Ocampo, no Europeans are recorded to have visited the site from the late 16th century until the 19th century. As far as historical knowledge extends, there are no existing written records detailing the site during its period of active use. The leading theory is that Machu Picchu was a private city for Incan royalty. The names of the buildings, their supposed uses, and their inhabitants, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Peru
Peru, officially the Republic of Peru, is a country in western South America. It is bordered in the north by Ecuador and Colombia, in the east by Brazil, in the southeast by Bolivia, in the south by Chile, and in the south and west by the Pacific Ocean. Peru is a Megadiverse countries, megadiverse country, with habitats ranging from the arid plains of the Pacific coastal region in the west, to the peaks of the Andes mountains extending from the north to the southeast of the country, to the tropical Amazon basin rainforest in the east with the Amazon River. Peru has Demographics of Peru, a population of over 32 million, and its capital and largest city is Lima. At , Peru is the List of countries and dependencies by area, 19th largest country in the world, and the List of South American countries by area, third largest in South America. Pre-Columbian Peru, Peruvian territory was home to Andean civilizations, several cultures during the ancient and medieval periods, and has one o ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Agustín Lizárraga
Agustín Lizárraga Ruiz ( 12 June 1865 – 11 February 1912) was a Peruvian explorer and farmer who discovered Machu Picchu on 14 July 1902, nine years prior to American explorer Hiram Bingham. Biography Early life He was born in Mollepata, Peru, in 1865. At the age of 18 he left his hometown to avoid enlisting in the army. Subsequently, Lizárraga and his brother took up residence in the Aobamba Valley, situated within the department of Cuzco. At the end of the 19th century, trade between Quillabamba and Cusco thrived, and the main route for ''arrieros'' transporting coffee and coca leaves followed the course of the Urubamba River. With this in mind, the Lizárraga brothers decided to strategically settle halfway along that trade route, near the San Miguel Bridge and in the Intihuatana area. There, both of them dedicated themselves to cultivating vegetables, corn, and granadilla. Over time, the Lizárraga brothers became the top farmers in the area and became we ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hiram Bingham III
Hiram Bingham III (November 19, 1875 – June 6, 1956) was an American academic, explorer and politician. In 1911, he publicized the existence of the Inca citadel of Machu Picchu which he rediscovered with the guidance of local indigenous farmers. Later, Bingham served as the 69th Governor of Connecticut for a single day in 1925—the shortest term in history. He had been elected in 1924 as governor, but was also elected to the Senate and chose that position. He served as a member of the United States Senate until 1933. Early life and early academic career Bingham was born in Honolulu, Hawaii, the son of Clara Brewster and Hiram Bingham II (1831–1908), an early Protestant missionary to the Kingdom of Hawai'i. He was also the grandson of Hiram Bingham I (1789–1869) and Sybil Moseley Bingham (1792–1848), earlier missionaries. Through his mother's side he was a descendant of William Brewster, a Mayflower passenger. He attended O'ahu College, now known as Punahou School ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Intihuatana, Urubamba
Intihuatana (possibly from in the Quechua spelling ''Inti Watana'' or ''Intiwatana'')Teofilo Laime Ajacopa, Diccionario Bilingüe Iskay simipi yuyayk'ancha, La Paz, 2007 (Quechua-Spanish dictionary) at the archaeological site of Machu Picchu (Machu Pikchu) is a notable ritual stone associated with the astronomic clock or calendar of the Inca in South America. Machu Picchu was thought to have been built c. 1450 by the Sapa Inca Pachacuti as a country estate. In the late 16th century, the Viceroy Francisco de Toledo and the clergy destroyed those '' Intihuatana'' which they could find. They did so as they believed that the Incas' religion was a blasphemy and the religious significance of the ''Intihuatana'' could be a political liability. The ''Intihuatana'' of Machu Picchu was found intact by Bingham in 1911, indicating that the Spanish conquerors had not found it. Intihuatana was damaged on September 8, 2000 when a crane being used in an ad shoot toppled over and chipped off ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Urubamba River
The Urubamba River or Vilcamayo River (possibly from Quechua ''Willkamayu'', for "sacred river") is a river in Peru. Upstream it is called Vilcanota River (possibly from Aymara ''Willkanuta'', for "house of the sun"). Within the La Convención Province, the name changes to Urubamba. A partially navigable headwater of the Amazon River, the Urubamba rises in the Andes to the southeast of Cusco. It originates on the slopes of Cunurana in the Puno Region, Melgar Province, near the La Raya pass. It flows north-north-west for before coalescing with the Tambo River to form the Ucayali River. The Urubamba is divided into the Upper Urubamba and the Lower Urubamba, the dividing feature being the Pongo de Mainique, an infamous whitewater canyon, where the river narrows to a width of 45 metres (148 ft). Upper Urubamba The Upper Urubamba (''Alto Urubamba'') valley features a high population and extensive irrigation works. A number of ruins of the Inca Empire The Inca Empir ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
History Of The Incas
The Incas were most notable for establishing the Inca Empire which was centered in modern-day South America in Peru and Chile. It was about from the northern to southern tip. The Inca Empire lasted from 1438 to 1533. It was the largest Empire in America throughout the Pre-Columbian era. The Inca state was originally founded by Manco Capac in the early 1200s, and is known as the Kingdom of Cuzco. Under subsequent rulers, through strategic alliances and conquests, it expanded beyond Cusco and into the Sacred Valley. Their territory then rapidly grew under the 9th Sapa Inca (emperor), Pachacuti and his descendents. Over the course of the Inca Empire, the Inca used conquest and peaceful assimilation to incorporate the territory of modern-day Peru, followed by a large portion of western South America, into their empire, centered on the Andes, Andean mountain range. However, shortly after the Inca Civil War, the last Sapa Inca of the Inca Empire, Atahualpa, was captured and killed on ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Baltasar De Ocampo Conejeros
Baltasar de Ocampo Conejeros was a Spanish official in the Viceroyalty of Peru from about 1567. In 1611, he wrote a report on the conquest of the city and province of Vilcabamba in 1572. At the time of his writing he was living in poverty in Lima. He addressed his report to the viceroy, Juan de Mendoza y Luna, in hopes of receiving financial support. He claims to have served Kings Philip II and Philip III for 44 years. In 1604, Ocampo is known to have sold land in Pucyura.Brian S. Bauer , Madeleine Halac-Higashimori and Gabriel E. Cantarutti (eds.), ''Voices from Vilcabamba: Accounts Chronicling the Fall of the Inca Empire'' (University Press of Colorado, 2016), Doc. 2: Baltasar de Ocampo Conejeros and the Province of Vilcabamba, pp. 109–150. Ocampo's 1611 report, entitled ''Descripción de la provincia de Sant Francisco de la Victoria de Villcapampa'', survives in a single manuscript, now Add. 17585 in the British Library. It is 63 pages long, including a three-page cover le ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Dry-stone Wall
Dry stone, sometimes called drystack or, in Scotland, drystane, is a building method by which structures are constructed from Rock (geology), stones without any Mortar (masonry), mortar to bind them together. A certain amount of binding is obtained through the use of carefully selected interlocking stones. Dry stone construction is best known in the context of stone walls, traditionally used for the boundaries of fields and churchyards, or as retaining walls for terracing, but dry stone shelters, houses and other structures also exist. The term tends not to be used for the many historic styles which used precisely-shaped stone, but did not use mortar, for example the Greek temple and Inca architecture. The art of dry stone walling was inscribed in 2018 on the UNESCO representative UNESCO Intangible Cultural Heritage Lists, list of the intangible cultural heritage of humanity, for dry stone walls in countries such as France, Greece, Italy, Slovenia, Croatia, Switzerland and Sp ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pachacuti
Pachacuti Inca Yupanqui, also called Pachacútec (), was the ninth Sapa Inca of the Chiefdom of Cusco, which he transformed into the Inca Empire (). Most archaeologists now believe that the famous Inca site of Machu Picchu was built as an estate for Pachacuti.Rowe, John, 1990, "Machu Picchu a la luz de documentos de siglo XVI", ''Historia'' 16 (1), 139–154. In Quechua, the cosmogonical concept of '' pachakutiy'' means "the turn of the world" and ''yupanki'' could mean "honorable lord". During his reign, Cusco grew from a hamlet into an empire that could compete with, and eventually overtake, the Chimú empire on the northern coast. He began an era of conquest that, within three generations, expanded the Inca dominion from the valley of Cusco to a sizeable part of western South America. According to the Inca chronicler Garcilaso de la Vega, Pachacuti created the Inti Raymi to celebrate the new year in the Andes of the southern hemisphere. Pachacuti is often linked to th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Archaeologists
Archaeology or archeology is the study of human activity through the recovery and analysis of material culture. The archaeological record consists of Artifact (archaeology), artifacts, architecture, biofact (archaeology), biofacts or ecofacts, archaeological site, sites, and cultural landscapes. Archaeology can be considered both a social science and a branch of the humanities. It is usually considered an independent academic discipline, but may also be classified as part of anthropology (in North America – the four-field approach), history or geography. The discipline involves Survey (archaeology), surveying, Archaeological excavation, excavation, and eventually Post excavation, analysis of data collected, to learn more about the past. In broad scope, archaeology relies on cross-disciplinary research. Archaeologists study human prehistory and history, from the development of the first stone tools at Lomekwi in East Africa 3.3 million years ago up until recent decades. A ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
National Service Of Natural Protected Areas By The State (SERNANP)
The Ministry of Environment (, MINAM) of Peru is the government ministry responsible for the national policy regarding environmental matters. It was created on May 13, 2008. Its function is to oversee the environmental sector of Peru, with the authority to design, establish, and execute government policies concerning the environment. , the minister is Albina Ruiz. History It was created on May 13, 2008, months after its creation was proposed, by Legislative Decree No. 1013, and its inaugural holder was Antonio Brack Egg. Its stated mission is to ensure the sustainable use and conservation of natural resources, as well as the preservation of environmental quality for the benefit of people and the environment, in a normative, effective, decentralized manner, coordinated with public and private organizations and civil society, within the framework of green growth and environmental governance. Organisation It has two subdivisions: the Strategic Development of Natural Resources and ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
