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Macellum
A ''macellum'' (: ''macella''; , ''makellon'') is an ancient Roman indoor market building that sold mostly provisions (especially meat and fish). The building normally sat alongside the forum and basilica, providing a place in which a market could be held. Each ''macellum'' sold different kinds of produce, depending on local availability, but it was not uncommon to import these comestibles, especially at ports like Pompeii. History The ''macellum'' was a food market, particularly for meat, fish and delicatessen. Plautus mentioned such a ''macellum'' in the second half of the 3rd century BC. The ''macellum'' was modeled after the agora of Greek and Hellenistic cities, except that there was no wholesale trade. The last ''macella'' were still in operation in Constantinople in the sixth century AD. Physical features A ''macellum'' is a fairly easy building to identify from its design. A ''macellum'' provides shops arranged around a courtyard which contains a central tholos. The tho ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Macellum Magnum
A ''macellum'' (: ''macella''; , ''makellon'') is an ancient Roman indoor market building that sold mostly provisions (especially meat and fish). The building normally sat alongside the forum and basilica, providing a place in which a market could be held. Each ''macellum'' sold different kinds of produce, depending on local availability, but it was not uncommon to import these comestibles, especially at ports like Pompeii. History The ''macellum'' was a food market, particularly for meat, fish and delicatessen. Plautus mentioned such a ''macellum'' in the second half of the 3rd century BC. The ''macellum'' was modeled after the agora of Greek and Hellenistic cities, except that there was no wholesale trade. The last ''macella'' were still in operation in Constantinople in the sixth century AD. Physical features A ''macellum'' is a fairly easy building to identify from its design. A ''macellum'' provides shops arranged around a courtyard which contains a central tholos. The thol ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Macellum Of Pozzuoli
The Macellum of Pozzuoli () was the macellum or market building of the Colonia (Roman), Roman colony of Puteoli, now the city of Pozzuoli in southern Italy. When first excavated in the 18th century, the discovery of a statue of Serapis led to the building being misidentified as the city's serapeum or Temple of Serapis. A band of borings or ''Gastrochaenolites'' left by marine ''Lithophaga'' bivalve molluscs on three standing marble columns indicated that these columns had remained upright over centuries while the site sank below sea level, then re-emerged. This puzzling feature was the subject of debate in history of geology, early geology, and eventually led to the identification of bradyseism in the area, showing that the Earth's crust could be subject to gradual movement without destructive earthquakes. Roman origins The city of Dicaearchia, founded by Greek refugees escaping dictatorship on Samos, was integrated into the Roman Empire as the city of Puteoli in 194 BC. The mac ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Macellum Liviae
__NOTOC__ Macellum Liviae ("market of Livia") was a Shopping mall, shopping complex built by Augustus in the name of his wife Livia built on the Esquiline Hill in Rome. Literary evidence Probably to be identified with τὸ τεμένισμα τὸ Λίουιον ὠνομασμένον (''to temenisma to Liouion ōnomasmenon'', "the precinct called 'the Livium' "), which Tiberius dedicated at the beginning of 7 BC. A restoration between 364 and 378 by Valentinian I, Valens and Gratian is recorded in an inscription, and either this macellum or the Macellum Magnum is marked on fragment 4 of the Forma Urbis Romae, Severan Marble Plan of Rome. In the Chronicle of Benedict of Soracte under the year 921, the ''aecclesia Sancti Eusebii iuxta macellum parvum'' (church of Sant'Eusebio next to the small market) is mentioned. In the ''Liber Pontificalis'' the church of Santa Maria Maggiore was described as ''iuxta macellum Libiae'' (next to Libia's market), and that of San Vito in Macello; ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tholos (architecture)
A tholos (; ; ; ) is a form of building that was widely used in the Greco-Roman world. It is a round structure with a circular wall and a roof, usually built upon a couple of steps (a podium), and often with a ring of columns supporting a conical or domed roof. It differs from a monopteros (Ancient Greek:ὁ μονόπτερος from the Greek diacritics, Polytonic: μόνος, ''only, single, alone'', and , ''wing''), a circular colonnade supporting a roof but without any walls, which therefore does not have a ''cella'' (room inside). Both these types are sometimes called Rotunda (architecture), rotundas. An increasingly large series of round buildings were constructed in the developing tradition of classical architecture until Late antiquity, which are covered here. Medieval round buildings are covered at Rotunda (architecture), rotunda. From the Renaissance onwards the classical tholos form had an enduring revival, now often topped by a dome, especially as an element in much ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Macellum Of Pompeii
The Macellum of Pompeii was located on the Forum and as the provision market (or '' macellum'') of Pompeii was one of the focal points of the ancient city. The building was constructed in several phases. When the earthquake of 62 AD destroyed large parts of Pompeii, the Macellum was also damaged. Archeological excavations in the modern era have revealed a building that had still not been fully repaired by the time of the eruption of Mount Vesuvius in 79 AD. Of particular interest to researchers is the section of the Macellum located on the east side that is thought to have been dedicated to the imperial cult. It makes manifest how central a role the emperors played in the lives of Romans as early as the 1st century. The other rooms on the west side are also interesting as examples of the link between economic and public life. Additionally, the market is an eloquent testimony to the everyday culture of the Romans, which is illustrated by archeological finds such as fo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Serapeum
A serapeum is a temple or other religious institution dedicated to the syncretism, syncretic Greeks in Egypt, Greco-Egyptian ancient Egyptian deities, deity Serapis, who combined aspects of Osiris and Apis (deity), Apis in a humanized form that was accepted by the Ptolemaic dynasty, Ptolemaic Greeks of Alexandria. There were several such religious centers, each of which was called a ''serapeion/serapeum'' () or ''poserapi'' (), coming from an Egyptian name for the temple of Osiris-Apis (). Egyptian serapea Alexandria The Serapeum of Alexandria in the Ptolemaic Kingdom was an ancient Greek temple built by Ptolemy III Euergetes. There are also signs of Harpocrates. It has been referred to as the daughter of the Library of Alexandria. It existed until the end of the fourth century AD. Saqqara The Serapeum of Saqqara is located north west of the Pyramid of Djoser at Saqqara, a necropolis near Memphis, Egypt, Memphis in Lower Egypt. It was a burial place of the Apis (deity), Apis, sa ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Serapeum (Pozzuoli) -2
A serapeum is a temple or other religious institution dedicated to the syncretic Greco-Egyptian deity Serapis, who combined aspects of Osiris and Apis in a humanized form that was accepted by the Ptolemaic Greeks of Alexandria. There were several such religious centers, each of which was called a ''serapeion/serapeum'' () or ''poserapi'' (), coming from an Egyptian name for the temple of Osiris-Apis (). Egyptian serapea Alexandria The Serapeum of Alexandria in the Ptolemaic Kingdom was an ancient Greek temple built by Ptolemy III Euergetes. There are also signs of Harpocrates. It has been referred to as the daughter of the Library of Alexandria. It existed until the end of the fourth century AD. Saqqara The Serapeum of Saqqara is located north west of the Pyramid of Djoser at Saqqara, a necropolis near Memphis in Lower Egypt. It was a burial place of the Apis, sacred bulls that were incarnations of Ptah. It was believed that the bulls became immortal after death as Osiris-Ap ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
History Of Geology
The history of geology is concerned with the development of the natural science of geology. Geology is the scientific study of the origin, history, and structure of the Earth. Antiquity In the year 540 BC, Xenophanes described fossil fish and shells found in deposits on mountains. Similar fossils were noted by Herodotus (about 490 BC). Some of the first geological thoughts were about the history of Earth, origin of the Earth. Ancient Greece developed some primary geological concepts concerning the origin of the Earth. Additionally, in the 4th century BC Aristotle made critical observations of the slow rate of geological change. He observed the composition of the land and formulated a theory where the Earth changes at a slow rate and that these changes cannot be observed during one person's lifetime. Aristotle developed one of the first evidence-based concepts connected to the geological realm regarding the rate at which the Earth physically changes. However, it was his suc ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Serapis
Serapis or Sarapis is a Egyptian Greeks, Graeco-Egyptian god. A Religious syncretism, syncretic deity derived from the worship of the Egyptian Osiris and Apis (deity), Apis, Serapis was extensively popularized in the third century BC on the orders of Greek Pharaoh Ptolemy I Soter, as a means to unify the Greek and Egyptian subjects of the Ptolemaic Kingdom. The of Serapis was spread as a matter of deliberate policy by subsequent Ptolemaic kings. Serapis continued to increase in popularity during the Roman Empire, often replacing Osiris as the consort of Isis in temples outside Egypt. Alongside his Egyptian roots he gained attributes from other deities, such as chthonic powers linked to the Greek Hades and Demeter, and benevolence derived from associations with Dionysus. Etymology Originally known as Demotic (Egyptian), Demotic , ('Osiris-Apis (deity), Apis'), the name of the deity is derived from the syncretic worship of Osiris and the bull Apis as a single deity under the Egy ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Santo Stefano Al Monte Celio
The Basilica of St. Stephen in the Round on the Caelian Hill (, ) is an ancient basilica and titular church in Rome, Italy. Commonly named Santo Stefano Rotondo, the church is Hungary's "national church" in Rome, dedicated to both Saint Stephen, the first Christian martyr, and Stephen I, the canonized first king of Hungary. The minor basilica is also the rectory church of the Pontifical Collegium Germanicum et Hungaricum. Since 1985, the cardinal priest who holds the title of S. Stephano has been Friedrich Wetter. History The earliest church was consecrated by Pope Simplicius between 468 and 483. It was dedicated to the protomartyr Saint Stephen, whose body had been discovered a few decades before in the Holy Land, and brought to Rome. The church was the first in Rome to have a circular plan. Its architecture is unique in the Late Roman world. Santo Stefano was probably financed by the wealthy Valerius family whose estates covered large parts of the Caelian Hill. Their vill ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Nero
Nero Claudius Caesar Augustus Germanicus ( ; born Lucius Domitius Ahenobarbus; 15 December AD 37 – 9 June AD 68) was a Roman emperor and the final emperor of the Julio-Claudian dynasty, reigning from AD 54 until his death in AD 68. Nero was born at Antium in AD 37, the son of Gnaeus Domitius Ahenobarbus (father of Nero), Gnaeus Domitius Ahenobarbus and Agrippina the Younger (great-granddaughter of the emperor Augustus). Nero was three when his father died. By the time Nero turned eleven, his mother married Emperor Claudius, who then Adoption in ancient Rome, adopted Nero as his heir. Upon Claudius' death in AD 54, Nero ascended to the throne with the backing of the Praetorian Guard and the Senate. In the early years of his reign, Nero was advised and guided by his mother Agrippina, his tutor Seneca the Younger, and his praetorian prefect Sextus Afranius Burrus, but sought to rule independently and rid himself of restraining influences. The power ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Caelian Hill
The Caelian Hill ( ; ; ) is one of the famous seven hills of Rome. Geography The Caelian Hill is a moderately long promontory about long, to wide, and tall in the park near the Temple of Claudius. The hill overlooks a plateau from which the Esquiline, Viminal and Quirinal hills also arise. ''Caeliolus'' (also ''Caeliculus'' or ''Caelius Minor'') corresponds to a section of the hill, maybe the westernmost one, towards the valley that houses the Colosseum, or the one now occupied by the Basilica dei Santi Quattro Coronati. History Archaic age Under the reign of Tullus Hostilius, the entire population of Alba Longa was forcibly resettled on the Caelian Hill. According to a tradition recounted by Varro, the hill received its name from the Etruscan folk hero Caelius Vibenna, because he either settled there or was honored posthumously by his friend Servius Tullius. Other authors have linked the name to the Latin ''caelum'', "heaven". Nevertheless, the former name o ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
