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Maaemä
Maaemä ( Finnish) or Maaema (Estonian) is a goddess or earth itself in Finnish and Estonian mythologies. She is sometimes called the wife of Ukko but this is not certain. In runic songs In runic songs, the earth itself is sometimes called maaemä ("earth mother"). It is, varying by song, said that ''maaemä'' is a mother, or that there is a mother who resides in or came from ''maaemä''. ''Maaemä'' is sometimes set as the opposite of a father in the sky or Ukko: ''Ukon voima taivahasta, / maasta maan emoisen voima!'' ("Ukko's power from the sky, the power of the little earth mother from the earth!"). According to Uno Harva, when some runic songs mention that the vegetation haltija Sampsa Pellervoinen "laid with his mother", the mother in question is Maaemä. Due to later Christian influence, earth is even called the creator mother of Jesus. Descriptions In 1789, Christfried Ganander wrote in '' Mythologia Fennica'' that Maan-Emonen is the wife of Ukko and someone who gave ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Rauni (deity)
Rauni () is a name for a being in Finnish mythology. It has been connected to another name in runic songs, Röönikkä or Ryönikkä. Rauni was mentioned in 1551 by Mikael Agricola in a series of lines that have been difficult to interpret. Theories range from Rauni being another name of Ukko, name of Ukko's thunder goddess wife, name of Ukko's earth mother wife Maaemä, or being a name of an entirely separate fertility deity influenced by Norse Freyr (much like Virankannos who Ryönikkä is mentioned alongside with). Interpretations Opinion among scholars concerning the role of Rauni in Finnish mythology is varied. Some interpret Rauni as a name for the consort of Ukko, the Finnish god of thunder. Christfried Ganander listed Akka ("wife/old woman"), Maaemä, and Rauni all as Ukko's wife. Early interpreters saw Agricola's description as a thunder god Ukko and a thunder goddess Rauni fighting, which resulted in thunder.Harva (1948:124–128). Jacob Fellman claimed that the Sám ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ukko
(), or ( Finnish for 'male grandparent', 'grandfather', 'old man'), parallel to Uku in Estonian mythology, is the god of the sky, weather, harvest, and thunder across Finnic paganism. , the Finnish word for thunder, is the diminutive form of the name . believes that , another Finnic sky god, is the origin of , but that as experienced very significant, although far from total, influence from the Indo-European sky god especially in the form of Thor. Some believe that 's original name was Baltic Perkūnas. is considered to be the most significant god of Finnish mythology, although it is disputed by scholars whether this is accountable to later Christian influence. In the folk poems and prayers, he is also given the epithet ('Supreme God'), probably in reference to his status as the most highly regarded god and on the other hand his traditional domain in the heavens. Other names for include (, 'long'), (, 'father'), (, archaic form of the above, modern meani ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Máttaráhkká
Máttaráhkká (also Maderakka, Madderakka and Maadteraahka; ) is a mother goddess in Sámi shamanism. She lives in the ground under the goahti. She is connected to childbirth and has been said to give child its body and make female humans and animals fertile. It's been recorded drinks were offered to her so she'd be merciful towards a pregnant woman. In Western Sápmi, she was thought to have three daughters: Sáráhkká, Juoksáhkká and Uksáhkká. In Eastern Sápmi, such as in the area of modern-day Finland, these daughters were not known. This has lead some researchers to conclude the daughters were born out of later Scandinavian influence. According to Christfried Ganander in 1789, Máttaráhkká received a child from Radien-attje and gave it life, handing it over to Sáráhkká who then put it in the woman's womb. Her, as well as her daughters, are primarily known as helpers of women. After the arrival of Christianity, she came to be associated with Virgin Mary. On some Sá ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Estonian Mythology
Estonian mythology is a complex of myths belonging to the Estonian folk heritage and literary mythology. Information about the pre-Christian and medieval Estonian mythology is scattered in historical chronicles, travellers' accounts and in ecclesiastical registers. Systematic recordings of Estonian folklore started in the 19th century. Pre-Christian Estonian deities may have included a god known as ''Jumal'' or ''Taevataat'' ("Old man of the sky") in Estonian, corresponding to '' Jumala'' in Finnish, and ''Jumo'' in Mari. Estonian mythology in old chronicles According to the Chronicle of Henry of Livonia in 1225 the Estonians disinterred the enemy's dead and burned them. It is thought that cremation was believed to speed up the dead person's journey to the afterlife and by cremation the dead would not become earthbound spirits which were thought to be dangerous to the living. Henry of Livonia also describes in his chronicle an Estonian legend originating in Virumaa in northe ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Väinämöinen
() is a deity, demigod, hero and the central character in Finnish folklore and the main character in the national epic ''Kalevala'' by Elias Lönnrot. Väinämöinen was described as an old and wise man, and he possessed a potent, magical singing voice. Name The name Väinämöinen has often been explained as coming from the Finnish word ''väinä'' ("stream pool") or ''väineä'' ("slow"). Janne Saarikivi brought forth a hypothesis of the name's possible connection of early Germanic forms of Odin's name: ''*wātenos'' could've been loaned into Proto-Karelian language, Proto-Karelian as ''*vätnä'' or ''*väinä'', and ''Auðunn'' could be compared to ''Äinemöinen''. In Finnish mythology The first extant mention of Väinämöinen in literature is in a list of Tavastia (historical province), Tavastian gods by Mikael Agricola in 1551, where it says: ''"Aeinemöinen wirdhet tacoi."'' () He and other writers described Väinämöinen as the god of chants, songs and poetry; in ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
White Karelia
White Karelia (; North Karelian and or simply ''Viena''; ) is a historical region in Northern Europe, comprising the northernmost part of Karelia, and of the Republic of Karelia in Russia. It is bordered by the White Sea to the east, Murmansk Oblast to the north, Finland (Kainuu and North Ostrobothnia) to the west, and the Muyezersky and Segezhsky Districts of the Republic of Karelia to the south. The surface area of White Karelia is approximately , and it has a population of about 100,000. The area is largely undeveloped in terms of population centers and infrastructure, and much of it remains wilderness. Finnish author Elias Lönnrot (1802-1884) collected most of the poems and materials for the epic poem ''Kalevala'' from the , which collected Finno-Karelian folklore.'''' The East Karelian Republic of 1919-1920 formed in the area of White Karelia during the Russian Civil War. See also *Northern Karelian dialect Northern Karelian (also called: White Sea Karelian, Vie ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Savonia (historical Province)
Savo, or Savonia (; ), is a historical province in the east of Finland. It borders Tavastia, Ostrobothnia and Karelia. Savo is now divided into two provinces: North Savo and South Savo. The largest cities in Savo by population are Kuopio, Mikkeli, Savonlinna, Varkaus and Iisalmi. Administration In the 19th century, Savo was divided between Kuopio Province and Mikkeli Province. From 1997 to 2010, it lay within the administrative province of Eastern Finland. The provinces have no administrative function today but survive as ceremonial units. Since 2010, Savo has been divided between the regions of North Savo and South Savo. History The province of Savo represents the original homeland of the Savonians, one of the subgroups that later became assimilated to form the Finns. It was the heartland of the east Finnish or Savo dialects. The people of Savo traditionally pursued slash-and-burn agriculture, which settlers successfully imported into Ostrobothnia and Kainuu, V ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Karelia
Karelia (; Karelian language, Karelian and ; , historically Коре́ла, ''Korela'' []; ) is an area in Northern Europe of historical significance for Russia (including the Soviet Union, Soviet era), Finland, and Sweden. It is currently divided between northwestern Russia (the Federal subjects of Russia, federal subjects of the Republic of Karelia and Leningrad Oblast) and Finland (the Regions of Finland, regions of South Karelia, North Karelia, and the eastern portion of Kymenlaakso). Use of name Various regions may be called Karelia. Finnish Karelia is a historical province of Finland and is now divided between Finland and Russia, often called just ''Karjala'' in Finnish. The eastern part of this chiefly Lutheran area was ceded to Russia after the Winter War of 1939–40. The Republic of Karelia is a Russian federal subject, including East Karelia, with a chiefly Russian Orthodox population. Within present-day Finland, ''Karjala'' refers to the Regions of Finland, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Virankannos
Virankannos is a Finnish fertility god. He was first mentioned in writing by Mikael Agricola in the preamble of his 1551 Finnish translation of the Book of Psalms as a protector of oats ("''Wirancannos Cauran caitzi''"). Name Virankannos is known by many other variations of his name, such as Virokannas, Visakanta, Vierokanta and Viinikanta. Elias Lönnrot theorized the name would mean "of Estonian origin" (''Viron kantaa''). Jacob Fellman assumed it came from ''virka'' ("trap") but this would be more fitting if Virankannos was a hunting god instead of that of oats. Kaarle Krohn theorized the name would be a reference to a Roman Catholic saint. According to Uno Harva and E.N. Setälä, ''vira'' and later ''viro'' in this name would mean "world", loaned from Germanic languages. In this case, Virankannos would mean "the one who holds up the world". Virankannos has thus been connected to the Sámi god Veralden Radien, who supports the pillar which holds up the sky, as well as th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kainuu
Kainuu (), also historically known as Cajania (), is one of the 19 regions of Finland (''maakunta'' / ''landskap''). Kainuu borders the regions of North Ostrobothnia, North Savo and North Karelia. In the east, it also borders Russia (Republic of Karelia). Culturally Kainuu is part of larger Eastern-Finnish cultural heritage. The dialect of Kainuu resembles Savonian and Karelian dialects. Geography Boreal forest makes up most of the biome in Kainuu. The forest in Kainuu mostly consists of birches, pines and spruces. The atypical regional geography and landscape consist of lakes, hills and vast uninhabited forest areas. The largest lake in the region is the Oulujärvi (928.09 km2), one of the largest lakes in Finland. Its shorelines, open waters and islands in Kainuu belong to the municipalities of Paltamo and Kajaani. The highest point in Kainuu is the Iso Tuomivaara (385 m), located in the municipality of Hyrynsalmi. The regional climate is continental. The three mos ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pikne
Pikne (also ''Piken'' or ''Pikker'': the long one) is the god of lightning in Estonian mythology. In Finnish, lightning is sometimes called ''Pitkäinen'', which is similar in meaning. It is likely that both are taboo euphemisms. There was an Estonian satire and humor magazine called '' Pikker''. Legend In the Middle Ages, the pagan priests made animal sacrifices to Pikne. The most famous priest of Pikne (literally: thunder priest) was the seventeenth-century Jürgen of Wihtla (), who uttered the following prayer: :''Take it Pikne,'' :the bull we are offering :with two horns :and four hooves :for ploughing and harvesting'' Pikne was protector of the holy river Võhandu in Võru County, and punished people who built mills there by sending them no rain. The incident along with the prayer was recorded by the pastor Johann Gutslaff in his work ''Kurtzer Bericht und Unterricht Von der Falsch-heilig genandten Bäche in Lieffland Wöhhanda'' (published in Tartu, 1644). This pray ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Opochetsky Uyezd
Opochetsky Uyezd (''Опочецкий уезд'') was one of the subdivisions of the Pskov Governorate of the Russian Empire. It was situated in the western part of the governorate. Its administrative centre was Opochka. Demographics At the time of the Russian Empire Census of 1897, Opochetsky Uyezd had a population of 135,654. Of these, 98.5% spoke Russian, 0.5% Yiddish, 0.3% Polish, 0.2% German, 0.2% Latvian, 0.2% Estonian Estonian may refer to: * Something of, from, or related to Estonia, a country in the Baltic region in northern Europe * Estonians, people from Estonia, or of Estonian descent * Estonian language * Estonian cuisine * Estonian culture See also ... and 0.1% Finnish as their native language. Демоскоп Weekly - Приложение. Справочник статистических показателей
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