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MPLA
The People's Movement for the Liberation of Angola (, abbr. MPLA), from 1977–1990 called the People's Movement for the Liberation of Angola – Labour Party (), is an Angolan social democratic political party. The MPLA fought against the Portuguese Army in the Angolan War of Independence from 1961 to 1974, and defeated the National Union for the Total Independence of Angola (UNITA) and the National Liberation Front of Angola (FNLA) in the Angolan Civil War. The party has ruled Angola since the country's independence from Portugal in 1975, being the ''de facto'' government throughout the civil war and continuing to rule afterwards. Formation The articulation for the founding of the MPLA took place, mainly, within two political organizations: the Party of the United Struggle for Africans in Angola (PLUAA), founded in 1953 by Viriato da Cruz and Matias Miguéis, which operated incipiently until 1954 due to a lack of mass mobilization, being overshadowed by other anti-colo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
João Lourenço
João Manuel Gonçalves Lourenço (born 5 March 1954) is an Angolan politician who is currently serving as the third president of Angola since 26 September 2017. Previously, he was the minister of defence from 2014 to 2017. In September 2018, he became the chairman of the MPLA, People's Movement for the Liberation of Angola (MPLA), the ruling party. He was the party's secretary-general from 1998 to 2003. João Lourenço was designated in December 2016 to occupy the party's number one position in the 2017 Angolan legislative election, August 2017 legislative election. In terms of the 2010 constitution, "the individual heading the national list of the political party or coalition of political parties which receives the most votes in general elections ... shall be elected President of the Republic and Head of the Executive" (Article 109). As the MPLA won a majority of 150 seats, Lourenço automatically became President of Angola, succeeding José Eduardo dos Santos, who had been ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Lúcio Lara
Lúcio Rodrigo Leite Barreto de Lara (9 April 1929 – 27 February 2016), also known by the pseudonym Tchiweka, was an Angolan revolutionary, physicist-mathematician, politician, anti-colonial ideologist and one of the founding members (and president) of the Popular Movement for the Liberation of Angola (MPLA). He served as General Secretary of the MPLA during the Angolan War of Independence and Angolan Civil War. Lara, a founding member of the MPLA, led the first MPLA members into Luanda on 8 November 1974. He swore in Agostinho Neto as the first president of the country. He was acting president of Angola for ten days, from 10 September 1979 to 20 September 1979, briefly leading the country between the death of Agostinho Neto and the inauguration of José Eduardo dos Santos. He was a member of the Angolan parliament from independence until 2003. He was the main ideologist and thinker of Angola's self-determination, as well as an important theorist of Marxism, being one of th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Youth Of MPLA
The Youth of MPLA (, JMPLA) is a major mass organization within the People's Movement for the Liberation of Angola - Party of Labour, along with the Organização da Mulher Angolana (Angolan Women's Organization), União Nacional dos Trabalhadores Angolanos (National Union of Angolan Workers) and the Organização de Pioneiros de Agostinho Neto (Agostinho Neto Pioneer Organization). Jonas Savimbi, leader of UNITA from 1966 until 2002, was briefly a member of the JMPLA in the early 1960s. References External linksJMPLA official site Youth wings of political parties in Angola MPLA Youth wings of communist parties Youth organizations established in 1962 {{Angola-party-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Viriato Da Cruz
Viriato Clemente da Cruz (25 March 1928 – 13 June 1973) was an Angolan poet and politician, who was born in Kikuvo, Porto Amboim, Portuguese Angola, and died in Beijing, People's Republic of China. He is considered one of the most important Angolan poets of his time. He wrote poems in Portuguese, some of which include phrases in the Angolan Bantu language of Kimbundu. He took part in the political struggle to free Angola from Portuguese rule. Political work Cruz was educated in Luanda, the capital of Angola, which was then ruled by Portugal. Between 1948 and 1952, Viriato da Cruz became part of the Association of the Native Sons of Angola. In 1948, he helped found the Movement of the New Intellectuals of Angola. Suffering from tuberculosis, Da Cruz retreated to southern Angola in 1948 and 1949. There he wrote poems that established him as the most important Angolan lyrical poet of his generation. He returned to Luanda, the capital, and was a central figure in the literary ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
People's Armed Forces Of Liberation Of Angola
The People's Armed Forces of Liberation of Angola () or FAPLA was originally the armed wing of the People's Movement for the Liberation of Angola (MPLA) but later (1975–1991) became Angola's official armed forces when the MPLA took control of the government. Its major adversaries were the National Union for the Total Independence of Angola (UNITA), its armed wing, the FALA, Armed Forces of Liberation of Angola (FALA), and the South African Defence Force (SADF). The FAPLA fought the SADF and UNITA/FALA constantly from the 1970s, part of the Angolan Civil War and the South African Border War, including during Operation Savannah (Angola), Operation Savannah (1975-76), and Operation Sceptic (1980). The Battle of Cuito Cuanavale (1987-1988) was the largest land battle in Africa since the Second World War. After the Bicesse Accords in 1993, the FAPLA were transformed into the Angolan Armed Forces (''Forças Armadas de Angola'', FAA), by the integration of UNITA and FALA members. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ilídio Machado
Ilídio Tomé Alves Machado (17 Decemberm, 1914 – August 28, 1983) was an Angolan politician, militant, and Telegraph employee who co-founded the Popular Movement for the Liberation of Angola in 1956 and served as its first president until his arrest in 1959.Edmundo Melo Rocha, Francisco Soares, Moisés Silva Fernandes ''Angola: Viriato da Cruz : o homem e o mito'' Porto Amboim (Angola) 2008 Page 130 "Ilídio Machado, nascido em Novo Redondo, actual Sumbe, em 17 de Dezembro de 1914, funcionário dos correios, foi certamente um dos ..." Early life Machado was born in Novo Redondo on 17 December 1914 to Domingos José Alves Machado and Balbina Domingos as a member of the Kimbundu tribe with some Brazilian descent. Segal, Ronald. ''African Profiles'', 1970. Page 65. Before entering politics, he was a Post Telegraph and Communications employee. Activism Machado was a high-ranking member of the Angolan Communist Party, and helped co-found the MPLA with Viriato da Cruz, Mári ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Former Liberation Movements Of Southern Africa
The Former Liberation Movements of Southern Africa (FLMSA) is a loosely organized regional political international of seven political parties which were involved in the African nationalist movements against colonialism and white-minority rule in Southern Africa. It has its roots in the Frontline States, a loose coalition of African countries from the 1960s to the early 1990s committed to ending apartheid and white minority rule in South Africa and Rhodesia. Its original members are the African National Congress (South Africa), Chama Cha Mapinduzi (Tanzania), FRELIMO (Mozambique), the MPLA (Angola), SWAPO (Namibia), and ZAPU and ZANU–PF (Zimbabwe). In 2019, the Botswana Democratic Party joined the FLMSA. Members Summits See also * Southern African Development Community The Southern African Development Community (SADC) is an inter-governmental organization headquartered in Gaborone, Botswana. Goals The SADC's goal is to further regional socio-economic coope ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mário Pinto De Andrade
Mário Coelho Pinto de Andrade (21 August 1928 – 26 August 1990) was an Angolan poet and politician. Biography He was born in Golungo Alto, in Portuguese Angola, and studied philosophy at the University of Lisbon and sociology at the Sorbonne in Paris. While there, he became active in opposing Portuguese colonial rule of Angola, and wrote anti-colonial poetry. In 1955, he took part in the founding of the Angolan Communist Party. In 1956, he was the founder of the Popular Movement for the Liberation of Angola (MPLA) and was elected its first President in 1960. His brother, Joaquim Pinto de Andrade, was made the MPLA's first honorary President. He married the French filmmaker Sarah Maldoror and worked with her on '' Sambizanga'', a 1972 film about the Angolan liberation movement. (Sarah and Mário would go on to have two daughters, Henda Ducados Pinto de Andrade and Annouchka de Andrade.) He clashed with his successor, Agostinho Neto, and in 1974 founded within the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Angolan Communist Party
Angolan Communist Party (in Portuguese language, Portuguese: ''Partido Comunista Angolano'') was an underground political party in Portuguese Angola (during the Estado Novo (Portugal), Estado Novo regime), founded in October 1955, under influence from the Portuguese Communist Party. PCA was led by the brothers Mário Pinto de Andrade and Joaquim Pinto de Andrade (a Catholic priest). PCA set up clandestine schools and libraries in Luanda, and established branches in Catete, Icolo e Bengo, Catete and Malanje. In December 1956 it merged into the People's Movement for the Liberation of Angola (MPLA).Shantz, Jeff"Angolan national liberation, 1961–1974."Blackwell Reference Online. Retrieved 29 January 2011. References National liberation movements in Africa Rebel groups in Angola Political parties established in 1955 Political parties disestablished in 1956 Defunct political parties in Angola Communist parties in Angola MPLA 1955 establishments in Angola {{Angola-party-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Party Of The United Struggle For Africans In Angola
Party of the United Struggle for Africans in Angola (in Portuguese: ''Partido da Luta Unida dos Africanos de Angola''; abbreviated: PLUAA) was the first political party in Angola to advocate Angolan independence from Portugal, campaigning from its founding in 1953 until it merged with the Angolan Communist Party (PCA) to form the People's Movement for the Liberation of Angola (MPLA The People's Movement for the Liberation of Angola (, abbr. MPLA), from 1977–1990 called the People's Movement for the Liberation of Angola – Labour Party (), is an Angolan social democratic political party. The MPLA fought against the P ...) in December 1956.''Africa Year Book and Who's who'', 1977. Page 238.Tvedten, Inge. ''Angola: Struggle for Peace and Reconstruction'', 1997. Page 29. References Defunct political parties in Angola Angolan nationalism MPLA Portuguese Angola Political parties established in 1953 1953 establishments in Angola Political parties disestablished in 1956 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Organization Of Angolan Women
The Organization of Angolan Women (Portuguese: Organização Mulher Angolana (OMA)) is a political organisation in Angola, which was founded in 1962 to target women to support the MPLA, People's Movement for the Liberation of Angola. It was co-founded by Deolinda Rodrigues Francisco de Almeida. History The Organization of Angolan Women was established in 1962 and was originally founded to rally support for the new political party known as the MPLA. Once Angola was officially independent of Portugal in 1975 following the Angolan War of Independence, the Organization of Angolan Women provided the best opportunity for female activism in local government. Total involvement faltered in the 1980s. In 1985 membership reached 1.8 million, but by 1987 membership dropped to fewer than 1.3 million. Rural violence and regional destabilization disheartened many of the rural members. However, it was also during the 1980s that Angola passed the first anti-discrimination laws and established str ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Socialist International
The Socialist International (SI) is a political international or worldwide organisation of political parties which seek to establish democratic socialism, consisting mostly of Social democracy, social democratic political parties and Labour movement, labour organisations. Although formed in 1951 as a successor to the Labour and Socialist International, it has antecedents in the late 19th century. The organisation currently includes 132 member parties and organisations from over 100 countries. Its members have governed in many countries, including most of Europe. In 2013, a schism in the SI led to the establishment of the Progressive Alliance. The current secretary general of the SI is Benedicta Lasi of Ghana, the current president is the Prime Minister of Spain, prime minister of Spain, Pedro Sánchez, and the current vice-president is Temirlan Sultanbekov of Kyrgyzstan, all of whom were elected at the last SI Congress held in Madrid, Spain, in November 2022. History First and ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
