MIAX Pearl Equities
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MIAX Pearl Equities
MIAX Pearl Equities (MIAX), is an American stock exchange headquartered in Princeton, New Jersey. The exchange also has offices in Miami, Florida, where its parent company Miami International Holdings is based. History In March 2019, financial conglomerate and exchange operator Miami International Holdings (MIH), announced plans to launch a new US stock exchange, which would later become MIAX Pearl Equities. Prior to this, MIH had already set up three equity options exchanges in the US. According to then-Chairman and CEO Tom Gallagher, MIH hoped to complement its options offerings and later break into the listings business. On August 18, 2020, the Securities Exchange Commission approved MIH's filing to register the stock exchange, paving the way for its launch. MIAX Pearl Equities was launched in September 2020, in the same month as the Long-Term Stock Exchange and Members Exchange. This brought the total number of US stock exchanges at the time to 16, with MIAX Pearl Equities b ...
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Stock Exchange
A stock exchange, securities exchange, or bourse is an exchange where stockbrokers and traders can buy and sell securities, such as shares of stock, bonds and other financial instruments. Stock exchanges may also provide facilities for the issue and redemption of such securities and instruments and capital events including the payment of income and dividends. Securities traded on a stock exchange include stock issued by listed companies, unit trusts, derivatives, pooled investment products and bonds. Stock exchanges often function as "continuous auction" markets with buyers and sellers consummating transactions via open outcry at a central location such as the floor of the exchange or by using an electronic system to process financial transactions. To be able to trade a security on a particular stock exchange, the security must be listed there. Usually, there is a central location for record keeping, but trade is increasingly less linked to a physical place as mod ...
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JP Morgan
JPMorgan Chase & Co. (stylized as JPMorganChase) is an American multinational finance corporation headquartered in New York City and incorporated in Delaware. It is the largest bank in the United States, and the world's largest bank by market capitalization as of 2024. As the largest of the Big Four banks in America, the firm is considered systemically important by the Financial Stability Board. Its size and scale have often led to enhanced regulatory oversight as well as the maintenance of an internal "Fortress Balance Sheet". The firm is headquartered in Midtown Manhattan and is set return to its former location at the new under-construction JPMorgan Chase Building at 270 Park Avenue in November 2025. JPMorgan Chase was created in 2000 by the merger of New York City banks J.P. Morgan & Co. and Chase Manhattan Company. Through its predecessors, the firm's early history can be traced to 1799, with the founding of what became the Bank of the Manhattan Company. J.P. Morg ...
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Electronic Trading Platforms
Electronic may refer to: *Electronics, the science of how to control electric energy in semiconductors * ''Electronics'' (magazine), a defunct American trade journal *Electronic storage, the storage of data using an electronic device *Electronic commerce or e-commerce, the trading in products or services using computer networks, such as the Internet *Electronic publishing or e-publishing, the digital publication of books and magazines using computer networks, such as the Internet *Electronic engineering, an electrical engineering discipline Entertainment *Electronic (band), an English alternative dance band ** ''Electronic'' (album), the self-titled debut album by British band Electronic *Electronic music, a music genre *Electronic musical instrument *Electronic game, a game that employs electronics See also *Electronica, an electronic music genre *Consumer electronics Consumer electronics, also known as home electronics, are electronic devices intended for everyday household ...
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Exchange-traded Funds
An exchange-traded fund (ETF) is a type of investment fund that is also an exchange-traded product, i.e., it is traded on stock exchanges. ETFs own financial assets such as stocks, Bond (finance), bonds, currencies, debts, futures contracts, and/or commodities such as gold bars. Many ETFs provide some level of Diversification (finance), diversification compared to owning an individual stock. An ETF divides ownership of itself into Share (finance), shares that are held by shareholders. Depending on the country, the legal structure of an ETF can be a corporation, Trust law, trust, open-end management investment company, or Unit investment trust, unit investment trust. Shareholders indirectly own the assets of the fund and are entitled to a share of the profits, such as interest or dividends, and would be entitled to any residual value if the fund undergoes liquidation. They also receive annual reports. An ETF generally operates with an arbitrage mechanism designed to keep it tradin ...
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Stocks
Stocks are feet and hand restraining devices that were used as a form of corporal punishment and public humiliation. The use of stocks is seen as early as Ancient Greece, where they are described as being in use in Solon's law code. The law describing its use is cited by the orator Lysias: "'He shall have his or her foot confined in the stocks for five days, if the court shall make such addition to the sentence.' The 'stocks' there mentioned, Theomnestus, are what we now call 'confinement in the wood (''Lys''. 10.16). Form and applications The stocks, pillory, and pranger each consist of large wooden boards with hinges; however, the stocks are distinguished by their restraint of the feet. The stocks consist of placing boards around the ankles and wrists, whereas with the pillory, the boards are fixed to a pole and placed around the arms and neck, forcing the punished to stand. Victims may be insulted, kicked, tickled, spat on, or subjected to other inhumane acts. In the B ...
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Secaucus, New Jersey
Secaucus ( ) is a Town (New Jersey), town in Hudson County, New Jersey, Hudson County, in the U.S. state of New Jersey. As of the 2020 United States census, the town's population was 22,181, an increase of 5,917 (+36.4%) from the 2010 United States census, 2010 census count of 16,264, which in turn reflected an increase of 333 (+2.1%) from the 15,931 counted in the 2000 United States census, 2000 census. Located within the New Jersey Meadowlands, it is the most suburban of the county's municipalities, though large parts of the town are dedicated to light manufacturing, retail, and transportation uses, as well as protected areas. Secaucus is a derivation of the Algonquian languages, Algonquian words for "black" (''seke'' or ''sukit'') and "snake" (''achgook''), or "place of snakes", or ''sekakes'', referring to snakes. History ''Sikakes'', once an island, was part of the territory purchased by Director-General of New Netherland, Peter Stuyvesant in 1658. The territory was part ...
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Equinix
Equinix Inc. is an American multinational company headquartered in Redwood City, California. It specializes in internet connectivity and colocation centres, also referred to as carrier hotels. The company converted to a real estate investment trust (REIT) in January 2015. A leader in global data centers, In 2025, its operations include 260 data centers in 33 countries on five continents. Equinix is listed on the Nasdaq stock exchange with the ticker symbol EQIX. It employs about 13,000 people worldwide . History Equinix, Inc. was founded in 1998 by Al Avery and Jay Adelson, two facilities managers at Digital Equipment Corporation. The firm promoted its data center platform as a neutral place where competing networks could connect and share data traffic. The firm capitalized on the "network effect," through which each new customer would broaden the appeal of its platform. It expanded to Asia-Pacific in October 2002 and Europe in 2007, followed by Latin America in 2011, and ...
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Solana (blockchain Platform)
Solana is a blockchain platform which uses a proof-of-stake mechanism to provide smart contract functionality. Its native cryptocurrency is SOL. Solana was launched in 2020 by Solana Labs, which was founded by Anatoly Yakovenko and Raj Gokal in 2018. The blockchain has experienced several major outages, Solana wallets were subjected to a hack, and a class action lawsuit was filed alleging that Solana sells unregistered securities, and misled investors about the number of tokens. The SEC has also filed a lawsuit against a cryptocurrency exchange alleging that Solana should be regulated as a security. The value of Solana tokens has fluctuated greatly. Characteristics According to the company's white paper, Solana runs on a proof of stake model. ''The New York Times'' and ''Financial Times'' described the coin as an alternative to Ethereum. History Solana was first opened to the public in March 2020, with its first block being created on 16 March 2020. The Solana blockchain ...
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Bermuda Stock Exchange
The Bermuda Stock Exchange (BSX), established in 1971, is located in Hamilton, Bermuda. The stock exchange's 2010 'Year End Review' report stated that its aggregate market capitalisation (excluding mutual funds) stood at US$319 billion. The exchange specialises in listing and trading of capital market instruments such as stocks, bonds, mutual fund (including hedge fund structures) and depository receipt programs. The BSX has been granted approved stock exchange status under Australia's Foreign Investment Fund taxation rules, and, effective 1 September 2005 was granted designated investment exchange status by the United Kingdom The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom (UK) or Britain, is a country in Northwestern Europe, off the coast of European mainland, the continental mainland. It comprises England, Scotlan ...'s Financial Services Authority. The unique four symbol alphanumeric ''Market Identifier Code'' (MIC) ...
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Unlisted Trading Privileges
Unlisted Trading Privileges (UTP) oversees the Securities Information Processor for securities listed on Nasdaq and other securities that do not meet the requirements for listing on an exchange. Acquisition and distribution of market data Nasdaq established the UTP Plan to outline the consolidation and distribution of data through one centralized resource called the Securities Information Processor (SIP). The securities listed on Nasdaq can be quoted and traded from any US exchange. Trades and quotes on these securities are distributed on two separate feeds, the UTP Quotation Data Feed (UQDF) and the UTP Trade Data Feed (UTDF). UQDF provides traders a direct view of an NBBO. These feeds are considered level 1 or the top-of-book. National Market System (NMS) plan The NMS Plan regulates the UTP and Consolidated Tape Association (CTA) networks. The particulars for executing the regulation requires real-time reporting of transactions and their volumes, prices, and auditing detai ...
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Consolidated Tape Association
The Consolidated Tape Association (CTA) oversees the Securities Information Processor that disseminates real-time trade and quote information (market data) in New York Stock Exchange (NYSE) and American Stock Exchange (AMEX) listed securities (stocks and bonds). It is currently chaired by Emily Kasparov of the Chicago Stock Exchange, the first woman and the youngest chair elected to the position. CTA manages two Plans to govern the collection, processing and dissemination of trade and quote data: the Consolidated Tape Plan, which governs trades, and the Consolidated Quotation Plan, which governs quotes. The Plans were filed with and approved by the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) in accordance with Section 11A of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934. Since the late 1970s, all SEC-registered exchanges and market centers that trade NYSE or AMEX-listed securities send their trades and quotes to a central consolidator where the Consolidated Tape System (CTS) and Consoli ...
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National Market System
The National Market System (NMS) is a regulatory mechanism that governs the operations of securities trading in the United States. Its primary focus is ensuring transparency and full disclosure regarding stock price quotations and trade executions. It was initiated in 1975, when, in the Securities Acts Amendments of 1975, Congress directed the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) to use its authority to facilitate the establishment of a national market system. The system has been updated periodically, for example with the Regulation NMS in 2005 which took into account technological innovations and other market changes. History In 1972, before the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) began its pursuit of a national market system, the market for securities was quite fragmented. The same stock sometimes traded at different prices at different trading venues, and the NYSE ticker tape did not report transactions of NYSE-listed stocks that took place on regional exchanges or on o ...
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