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Lysolecithin
Lysophosphatidylcholines (LPC, lysoPC), also called lysolecithins, are a class of chemical compounds which are derived from phosphatidylcholines. Overview Lysophosphatidylcholines are produced within cells mainly by the enzyme phospholipase A2, which removes one of the fatty acid groups from phosphatidylcholine to produce LPC. Among other properties, they activate endothelial cells during early atherosclerosis. LPC also acts as a find-me signal, released by apoptotic cells to recruit phagocytes, which then phagocytose the apoptotic cells Moreover, LPCs can be used in the lab to cause demyelination of brain slices, to mimic the effects of demyelinating diseases such as multiple sclerosis. Further, they are known to stimulate phagocytosis of the myelin sheath and can change the surface properties of erythrocytes. LPC-induced demyelination is thought to occur through the actions of recruited macrophages and microglia which phagocytose nearby myelin. Invading T cells are also th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Lysophospholipase
The enzyme lysophospholipase (EC 3.1.1.5) catalyzes the reaction :2-lysophosphatidylcholine + H2O \rightleftharpoons glycerophosphocholine + a carboxylate This enzyme belongs to the family of hydrolases, specifically those acting on carboxylic ester bonds. This family consists of lysophospholipase / phospholipase B (EC 3.1.1.5) and cytosolic phospholipase A2 which also has a C2 domain . Phospholipase B enzymes catalyse the release of fatty acids from lysophospholipids and are capable ''in vitro'' of hydrolyzing all phospholipids extractable from yeast cells. Cytosolic phospholipase A2 associates with natural membranes in response to physiological increases in Ca2+ and selectively hydrolyses arachidonyl phospholipids, the aligned region corresponds the carboxy-terminal Ca2+-independent catalytic domain of the protein as discussed in. The systematic name A systematic name is a name given in a systematic way to one unique group, organism, object or chemical substance, out of a sp ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1-Lysophosphatidylcholine
2-acyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholines are a class of phospholipids that are intermediates in the metabolism of lipids. Because they result from the hydrolysis of an acyl group from the ''sn-1'' position of phosphatidylcholine, they are also called 1-lysophosphatidylcholine (or 1-lysoPC, in short). The synthesis of phosphatidylcholines with specific fatty acids occurs through the synthesis of 1-lysoPC. The formation of various other lipids generates 1-lysoPC as a by-product. Other synonyms for this class of compounds are 2-acylglycero-3-phosphocholine, 1-lyso-2-acyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine, β-lysophosphatidylcholine, 2-acylglycerophosphocholine, L-1-lysolecithin and 1-lecithin. Chemical properties 1-LysoPC can convert to the structurally similar 2-lysoPC. This happens by the migration of the acyl group from the ''sn-1'' position of the glycerol backbone to the ''sn-2'' position. The lowest rate of isomerization is at pH 4-5. Starting from either 1-lysoPC or 2-lysoPC, an equi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Alkyl-lysophospholipids
Alky-lysophospholipids (ALPs) are synthetic analogs of lysophosphatidylcholines (LPCs), also called lysolecithins. They are synthesized by replacing the acyl-group within the LPC with an alkyl group. In contrast to LPCs, ALPs are metabolically very stable. ALPs are being studied for their potential antineoplastic (anti-cancer) and immune-modulating effects. Their anti-tumor effects are due to modulation of intracellular signalling pathways, inducing apoptosis. It is highly selective, sparing healthy cells. Several examples including edelfosine, miltefosine, and perifosine are under development Development or developing may refer to: Arts *Development hell, when a project is stuck in development *Filmmaking, development phase, including finance and budgeting *Development (music), the process thematic material is reshaped *Photographi ... as drugs against cancer and other diseases. References {{Reflist Experimental cancer drugs Lipids ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Structure Lysophosphatidylcholine
A structure is an arrangement and organization of interrelated elements in a material object or system, or the object or system so organized. Material structures include man-made objects such as buildings and machines and natural objects such as biological organisms, minerals and chemicals. Abstract structures include data structures in computer science and musical form. Types of structure include a hierarchy (a cascade of one-to-many relationships), a network featuring many-to-many links, or a lattice featuring connections between components that are neighbors in space. Load-bearing Buildings, aircraft, skeletons, anthills, beaver dams, bridges and salt domes are all examples of load-bearing structures. The results of construction are divided into buildings and non-building structures, and make up the infrastructure of a human society. Built structures are broadly divided by their varying design approaches and standards, into categories including building structures, archi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
