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Li Shidao
Li Shidao (; died March 8, 819''Zizhi Tongjian'', vol. 241.) was a Chinese military general and politician of the medieval Chinese Tang dynasty, who, as the successor to his brother Li Shigu, ruled Pinglu Circuit (平盧, headquartered in modern Tai'an, Shandong) in a ''de facto'' independent manner from the imperial government. In 818, after he reneged on an offer to submit three of Pinglu's 12 prefectures to imperial control, Emperor Xianzong declared a campaign against him. In 819, his officer Liu Wu turned against him and killed him, submitting to imperial authority. Background It is not known when Li Shidao was born. His father was Li Na, who was military governor (''Jiedushi'') of Pinglu Circuit from 784 to 792 and who had inherited the circuit from Li Shidao's grandfather Li Zhengji. His mother was a daughter of Li Zhengji's ally Li Baochen, who had ruled Chengde Circuit (成德, headquartered in modern Shijiazhuang, Hebei). He had one older half-brother, Li Shig ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Li (surname 李)
Li or Lee (; ) is a common Chinese surname, Chinese-language surname, it is the 4th name listed in the famous ''Hundred Family Surnames.'' Li is one of the most common surnames in Asia, shared by 92.76 million people in China, and more than 100 million in Asia. It is the List of common Chinese surnames, second most common surname in China as of 2018, the second most common surname in Hong Kong, and the 5th most common surname in Taiwan, where it is usually romanized as "Lee". The surname is pronounced as () in Cantonese, ''Lí'' (Pe̍h-ōe-jī, poj) in Taiwanese Hokkien, but is often spelled as "Lee" in Hong Kong, Macau, Taiwan and many overseas Chinese communities. In Macau, it is also spelled as "Lei". In Indonesia it is commonly spelled as "Lie". The common Korean name#Family names, Korean surname, "Lee (Korean surname), Lee" (also romanized as "I", "Yi", "Ri", or "Rhee"), and the Vietnamese name#Family name, Vietnamese surname, "Lý (Vietnamese name), Lý", are both derived f ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Guan (instrument)
The ''guan'' () is a Chinese double reed wind instrument. The northern Chinese version is called ''guanzi'' ( 管子) or ''bili'' (traditional: 篳篥; simplified: 筚篥) and the Cantonese version is called ''houguan'' ( 喉管). It is classified as a bamboo instrument in the Ba Yin (ancient Chinese instrument classification) system. Unlike other instruments in the double-reed family of woodwinds which mostly have conical bores, such as the Chinese ''suona'' or the Western oboe, the ''guan'' has a cylindrical bore, giving its distinctive mellow, yet piercing buzz-like timbre. History The earliest use of the word ''guan'' can be traced back to Zhou Dynasty records, where it refers to end-blown bamboo flutes such as the '' xiao'' or ''paixiao''. The earliest double-reed instrument appears in the late Zhou Dynasty and is referred as ''hujia'' ( 胡笳; literally "reed pipe of Hu people") because it had been introduced from the northwestern region of China. During that tim ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Han Hong (Tang Dynasty)
Han Hong () (765 – January 19, 823), formally Duke Yin of Xu (許隱公), was a general of the Tang dynasty of China, who also served as a Chancellor of the Tang dynasty, chancellor during the reigns of Emperor Xianzong of Tang, Emperor Xianzong and Emperor Xianzong's son Emperor Muzong of Tang, Emperor Muzong. Background Han Hong was born in 765, during the reign of Emperor Daizong of Tang, Emperor Daizong. His family was originally from Yingchuan (潁川, in modern Xuchang, Henan), but had for generations lived at Hua Prefecture (滑州, in modern Anyang, Henan).''Old Book of Tang'', :zh:s:舊唐書/卷156, vol. 156. Neither his grandfather Han Wang () nor his father Han Chui () was prominent, and he lost his father early in his life. He relied on his mother's clan, particularly his maternal uncle, the general Liu Xuanzuo (), serving on Liu's staff. When Liu, who was then the military governor (''Jiedushi'') of Xuanwu Circuit (宣武, headquartered in modern Kaifeng, Hena ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tian Hongzheng
Tian Hongzheng () (764 – August 29, 821), né Tian Xing (), courtesy name Andao (), formally Duke Zhongmin of Yi (), was a Chinese military general and politician of the Tang Dynasty. Under his governance, Weibo Circuit (魏博, headquartered in modern Handan, Hebei), which had not been under actual imperial control for decades, submitted to imperial control, but he was killed by mutineers while later serving as military governor (''Jiedushi'') of Chengde Circuit (成德, headquartered in modern Shijiazhuang, Hebei). Background Tian Xing was born in 764, during the reign of Emperor Daizong. He was the second son of Tian Tingjie (), a cousin of Tian Chengsi, who was then ruling Weibo Circuit as its military governor, in ''de facto'' independence from the imperial government. It was said that in Tian Xing's youth, he studied the Confucian classics but particularly military strategies. He was also said to be capable in horsemanship and archery, and was brave and polite. Tian ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Handan
Handan is a prefecture-level city located in the southwest of Hebei province, China. The southernmost prefecture-level city of the province, it borders Xingtai on the north, and the provinces of Shanxi on the west, Henan on the south and Shandong on the east. At the 2010 census, its population was 9,174,683 inhabitants whom 2,845,790 lived in the built-up (''or metro'') area made of 5 urban districts. Yongnian District in Handan and Shahe City in Xingtai have largely formed into a single conurbation. Handan is one of the oldest cities in China, first settled in 6500 BC by the Cishan culture. Throughout the city's long history, it contributed significantly to Chinese culture, serving as the capital of State of Zhao, was northern China's political, economic and cultural center, and home to Tai chi and the first compass, made from stones collected in the nearby Mount Ci (magnet mountain). Handan is designated as one of China's National Famous Historical and Cultural Cities. Ety ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tian Ji'an
Tian Ji'an (781 or 782– September 21, 812), courtesy name Kui and formally the Prince of Yanmen, was a general of the Tang Dynasty, who, as military governor (''Jiedushi''), ruled Weibo Circuit (魏博, headquartered in modern Handan, Hebei) in a ''de facto'' independent manner from the imperial regime. Background Tian Ji'an was born in 781 or 782, during the reign of Emperor Dezong of Tang. At that time, his father Tian Xu was an officer under Tian Xu's cousin Tian Yue, the military governor of Weibo Circuit, who governed the circuit semi-independently from the imperial regime. (Tian Xu's father Tian Chengsi had been the first military governor of Weibo, but chose Tian Yue to be his successor rather than any of his sons.) Tian Ji'an was Tian Xu's third son, and was born of a mother of lowly birth.''Old Book of Tang'', vol. 141. After Tian Xu assassinated Tian Yue and succeeded him in 784, Emperor Dezong gave Tian Xu his daughter Princess Jiacheng in marriage in 785. As ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Wang Chengzong
Wang Chengzong () (died 820) was a general of the Chinese Tang Dynasty who served a military governor (''Jiedushi'') of Chengde Circuit (成德, headquartered in modern Shijiazhuang, Hebei). He, like his grandfather Wang Wujun and father Wang Shizhen before him, ruled the circuit in a ''de facto'' independent manner from the imperial government, drawing two imperial campaigns against him, both of which he withstood. After the defeat of his ally Wu Yuanji in 817, he submitted to imperial authority, and, after his death, his brother Wang Chengyuan left the circuit, ending his family's hold on Chengde. Background It is not known when Wang Chengzong was born, although it was known that he was born before his brother Wang Chengyuan, who was born in 801. He was the oldest son of Wang Shizhen, who was then deputy military governor of Chengde under Wang Chengzong's grandfather Wang Wujun. After Wang Shizhen succeeded Wang Wujun as military governor in 801, Wang Chengzong eventual ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Wang Shizhen (Tang Dynasty)
Wang Shizhen () (759-809), formally Prince Jingxiang of Qinghe (), was a general of the Chinese Tang Dynasty who served as a military governor (''Jiedushi'') of Chengde Circuit (成德, headquartered in modern Shijiazhuang, Hebei) and ruled it in a ''de facto'' independent manner from the imperial regime. Background Wang Shizhen was born in 759. It is known that his father was Wang Wujun, who was, around or sometime after his birth, an officer serving under the general Li Baochen, the military governor (''Jiedushi'') of Chengde Circuit, and that he was Wang Wujun's oldest son. Wang Shizhen had at least three younger brothers, Wang Shiqing (), Wang Shiping (), and Wang Shize ().''Old Book of Tang''vol. 142 Service under Li Baochen and Li Weiyue It was said that Wang Shizhen became a fierce soldier in his youth and was capable in strategies. He became a guard commander for Li Baochen, and Li Baochen gave him a daughter in marriage. Late in Li Baochen's life, he wanted to pass h ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bai Juyi
Bai Juyi (also Bo Juyi or Po Chü-i; ; 772–846), courtesy name Letian (樂天), was a renowned Chinese poet and Tang dynasty government official. Many of his poems concern his career or observations made about everyday life, including as governor of three different provinces. He achieved fame as a writer of verse in a low-key, near vernacular style that was popular throughout China, in Korea and Japan. Bai was also influential in the historical development of Japanese literature, where he is better known by the on'yomi reading of his courtesy name, Haku Rakuten (shinjitai: 白楽天). His younger brother Bai Xingjian was a short story writer. Among his most famous works are the long narrative poems " Chang hen ge" ("Song of Everlasting Sorrow"), which tells the story of Yang Guifei, and "Pipa xing" ("Song of the Pipa"). Life Bai Juyi lived during the Middle Tang period. This was a period of rebuilding and recovery for the Tang Empire, following the An Lushan Rebellion, a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Wei Zheng
Wei Zheng (580–643), courtesy name Xuancheng, posthumously known as Duke Wenzhen of Zheng, was a Chinese politician and historian. He served as a chancellor of the Tang dynasty for about 13 years during the reign of Emperor Taizong. He was also the lead editor of the official history of the Sui dynasty, the ''Book of Sui'', which was composed in 636. Wei Zheng was born to a poor family in modern Hebei, and joined Li Mi's rebellion against the Sui dynasty in his youth. After Li Mi's submission to the Tang Empire, Wei Zheng became a Tang official and eventually served on the staff of Li Jiancheng, the Crown Prince and eldest son of Emperor Gaozu, the Tang dynasty's founding emperor. As such, he served against the interests of Li Jiancheng's younger brother, Li Shimin (the Prince of Qin), with whom Li Jiancheng was locked in an intense rivalry. In 626, Li Shimin ambushed and killed Li Jiancheng, and then effectively forced Emperor Gaozu to yield the throne to him. Rather than ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Liu Pi (official)
Liu Pi (劉闢) (died December 12, 806), courtesy name Taichu (太初), was a Chinese military general, poet, politician, and rebel during the Tang Dynasty. Early in the reign of Emperor Xianzong, he resisted imperial authority at Xichuan Circuit (西川, headquartered in modern Chengdu, Sichuan), and was defeated by imperial forces commanded by Gao Chongwen and executed. Background and service under Wei Gao It is not known when Liu Pi was born. During the middle of Emperor Dezong's ''Zhenyuan'' era (785-805), Liu passed the imperial examinations in the class of those who used language grandly. He was subsequently invited by Wei Gao, then the military governor (''Jiedushi'') of Xichuan Circuit to serve on Wei's staff. He was eventually promoted to be ''Zhidu Fushi'' (支度副使) — Wei's deputy in Wei's capacity as director of military supplies for Xichuan Circuit.''Old Book of Tang''vol. 140. It was in this capacity that, in 805, after Emperor Dezong's death and successi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
