|
Lê Lợi
Lê Lợi (, chữ Hán: 黎利; 10 September 1385 – 5 October 1433), also known by his temple name as Lê Thái Tổ (黎太祖) and by his pre-imperial title Bình Định vương (平定王; "Prince of Pacification"), was a Vietnamese people, Vietnamese rebel leader who founded the Lê dynasty, Later Lê dynasty and became the first king of the restored kingdom of Đại Việt after the country was Ming conquest of Đại Việt, conquered by the Ming dynasty. In 1418, Lê Lợi and his followers Lam Sơn Uprising, rose up against Fourth Era of Northern Domination, Ming rule. He was known for his effective guerrilla tactics, including constantly moving his camps and using small bands of irregulars to ambush the larger Ming forces. Nine years later, his resistance movement successfully drove the Ming armies out of Vietnam and restored Vietnamese independence. Lê Lợi is among the most famous figures of Vietnamese history and one of its greatest heroes. Background From the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
List Of Vietnamese Monarchs
This article lists the monarchs of Vietnam. Under the emperor at home, king abroad system used by later List of Vietnamese dynasties, dynasties, Vietnamese monarchs would use the title of ''emperor'' (皇帝, Hoàng đế; or other equivalents) domestically, and the more common term ''sovereign'' (𤤰, Vua), ''king'' (王, Vương), or ''his/her (Imperial) Majesty'' (陛下, Bệ hạ) elsewhere. Overview Some Vietnamese monarchs declared themselves kings (''vương'') or emperors (''hoàng đế''). Imperial titles were used for both domestic and foreign affairs, except for diplomatic missions to China where Vietnamese monarchs were regarded as kingship or prince. Many of the Later Lê monarchs were figurehead rulers, with the real powers resting on feudal lords and princes who were technically their servants. Most Vietnamese monarchs are known through their posthumous names or temple names, while the Nguyễn dynasty, the last reigning house is known through their Vietnamese e ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Trần Dynasty
The Trần dynasty (Vietnamese language, Vietnamese: Nhà Trần, chữ Nôm: 茹陳; Vietnamese language, Vietnamese: triều Trần, chữ Hán: [wikt:朝]wikt:陳, 朝wikt:陳, 陳), officially Đại Việt (Chữ Hán: 大越), was a List of Vietnamese dynasties, Vietnamese dynasty that ruled from 1225 to 1400. The dynasty was founded when emperor Trần Thái Tông ascended to the throne after his uncle Trần Thủ Độ orchestrated the overthrow of the Lý dynasty. The Trần dynasty defeated three Mongol invasions of Vietnam, Mongol invasions, most notably during the decisive Battle of Bạch Đằng (1288), Battle of Bạch Đằng River in 1288. The final emperor of the dynasty was Trần Thiếu Đế, Thiếu Đế, who was forced to abdicate the throne in 1400, at the age of five years old in favor of his maternal grandfather, Hồ Quý Ly. The Trần improved Chinese gunpowder, enabling them to Nam tiến, expand southward to defeat and vassalize the Champa. The ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Lạng Sơn
Lạng Sơn () is a city in far Northern Vietnam, and the capital of Lạng Sơn Province. It is accessible by road and rail from Hanoi, the Vietnamese capital, and it is the northernmost point on National Route 1. History Due to its geography as Vietnam's gateway to China (being located just across from Guangxi), Lạng Sơn (諒山) and its ancient citadel have been in the path of many invasions, and were the site of three French defeats during the colonial era. Occupied by Qing forces during the military buildup that preceded the Sino-French War, the city was occupied by France after the two-week Lạng Sơn Campaign in February 1885. However, the French brigade there conducted a hasty retreat after launching a failed attack at the Battle of Bang Bo into China; the " retreat from Lạng Sơn" became the most controversial aspect of the war and led to the fall of Jules Ferry's ministry. Outnumbered French colonial forces clashed with the Japanese 5th Division in the Battle ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Battle Of Tốt Động – Chúc Động
The Battle of Tốt Động – Chúc Động or the Battle of Tụy Động () in 1426 was the decisive battle in the 14-year Lam Sơn uprising which established Vietnam's independence from Ming China in 1428. The battle took place on November 7, 1426 in the Red River Delta between Tốt Động and Chúc Động, two villages of Chương Mỹ District, near Hanoi. Armed with hand cannons, the Vietnamese force under Lê Lợi, the Prince of Pacification, was able to stage a successful ambush on the attacking a Ming army, under General Wang Tong. The Ming army was decisively routed. As a result, most of the Chinese weapons, supplies, and horses were captured by the Vietnamese. Wang Tong was forced to retreat back to Dong Kinh, where four days later he and the city were besieged by Le Loi's army. Background After the Ming dynasty conquered Dai Viet in 1407, a series of uprisings occurred. The most notable amongst these was the rebellion of the Later Tran Dynasty. Despite the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Classic Chinese
Old Chinese, also called Archaic Chinese in older works, is the oldest attested stage of Chinese, and the ancestor of all modern varieties of Chinese. The earliest examples of Chinese are divinatory inscriptions on oracle bones from around 1250 BC, in the Late Shang period. Bronze inscriptions became plentiful during the following Zhou dynasty. The latter part of the Zhou period saw a flowering of literature, including classical works such as the ''Analects'', the ''Mencius'', and the ''Zuo Zhuan''. These works served as models for Literary Chinese (or Classical Chinese), which remained the written standard until the early twentieth century, thus preserving the vocabulary and grammar of late Old Chinese. Old Chinese was written with several early forms of Chinese characters, including oracle bone, bronze, and seal scripts. Throughout the Old Chinese period, there was a close correspondence between a character and a monosyllabic and monomorphemic word. Although the script i ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Jiaozhi Province
Jiaozhi Provincial Administration Commission (交趾等處承宣布政使司), commonly abbreviated as Jiaozhi (交趾), was a provincial-level administrative body established by the Ming dynasty in Vietnam during the Fourth Era of Northern Domination, following the conquest of the Hồ dynasty in 1407. The institution was tasked with implementing administrative policies, managing taxation, and overseeing governance in the occupied territory. The Ming administration applied a bureaucratic and legal system similar to that used in other interior Chinese provinces, dividing the region into 15 prefectures and 5 independent prefectures, covering most of the area north of the present-day Central– Annamite Range. During this period, the Ming dynasty introduced various cultural and administrative policies aimed at integrating the region into its imperial system, which provoked widespread resentment among the local population and sparked numerous uprisings. Following the Lam Sơn upri ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Colony
A colony is a territory subject to a form of foreign rule, which rules the territory and its indigenous peoples separated from the foreign rulers, the colonizer, and their ''metropole'' (or "mother country"). This separated rule was often organized into colonial empires, with their metropoles at their centers, making colonies neither annexation, annexed or even Territorial integration, integrated territories, nor client states. Particularly new imperialism and its colonialism advanced this separated rule and its lasting coloniality. Colonies were most often set up and colonized for exploitation and possibly settlement by colonists. The term colony originates from the ancient rome, ancient Roman , a type of Roman settlement. Derived from ''colonus'' (farmer, cultivator, planter, or settler), it carries with it the sense of 'farm' and 'landed estate'. Furthermore, the term was used to refer to the older Greek ''apoikia'' (), which were Greek colonisation, overseas settlements by ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mu Sheng
Mu Sheng (; ; 1368–1439), courtesy name Jingmao (), was a Chinese military general and politician of the Ming dynasty. Mu Sheng was the second son of Mu Ying, the first Marquis of Xiping (). He was a solemn man of few words, and the Hongwu Emperor very liked him. In 1399, his elder brother Mu Chun died without heir, so Mu Sheng succeeded him as Marquis of Xiping.''History of Ming'', vol. 126 Mu was dispatched to attack Vietnam together with Zhang Fu in 1406. In the next year, they captured the Vietnamese usurper Hồ Quý Ly, and his son Hồ Hán Thương. Vietnam was once again ruled by China and renamed to Jiaozhi province (). For this accomplishment, he was elevated to the title "Duke of Qian" (). In 1408, Trần Ngỗi, a Vietnamese prince, revolted against Ming China. Mu was dispatched to put down the rebellion, but was defeated. In the next year, Zhang Fu was sent to Vietnam again to support him. It proved that Mu was a general did not have military talent ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Zhang Fu
Zhang Fu (; ; 1375–1449), courtesy name Wenbi (), was a Chinese military general of the Ming dynasty. He was the eldest son of general Zhang Yu, one of Zhu Di's (later Yongle Emperor) finest generals. Zhang Yu was killed in the Jingnan campaign, Zhang Fu succeeded his father's title. After Zhu Di crowned the Yongle Emperor, Zhang Fu was granted the title "Count of Xin'an" (). In 1405, he was elevated to the title "Marquis of Xincheng" (). Zhang was dispatched to attack Vietnam together with Mu Sheng () in 1406. In the next year, he captured the Vietnamese usurper Hồ Quý Ly, and his son Hồ Hán Thương. He then reported to the emperor that the Trần lineage had been destroyed by Hồ Quý Ly so that there was no successor, and the populace "requested again to be a province of China". Vietnam was annexed by China again and renamed to Jiaozhi province (). For this accomplishment, he was elevated to the title "Duke of Ying" (). Later, he put down the rebellion of ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hồ Quý Ly
Hồ Quý Ly ( vi-hantu, 胡季犛, 1336 – 1407?) ruled Đại Ngu (Vietnam) from 1400 to 1401 as the founding emperor of the short-lived Hồ dynasty. Quý Ly rose from a post as an official served the court of the ruling Trần dynasty and a military general fought against the Cham forces during the Cham–Vietnamese War (1367–1390). After his military defeat in the Ming Conquest of Dai Ngu (1406–1407), he and his son were captured as prisoners and were exiled to China, while the Dai Viet Empire became the thirteenth province of Ming Empire. Biography Early career Hồ Quý Ly was born in 1336 at Đại Lại village, Vĩnh Ninh district, Ái Châu, Thanh Đô town with aristocracy's standing. His birth name was Lê Quý Ly (黎季犛), courtesy name Lý Nguyên (理元) or Nhất Nguyên (一元), as he was adopted by Lê Huan, after whom he took the family name. Descended from a Chinese family named Hu who had migrated from modern Zhejiang (China) to Dien Ch ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
