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Lycideops Longiceps
''Lycideops'' is an extinct genus of therocephalians from the Late Permian of South Africa. The type species is ''Lycideops longiceps'', named in 1931 by South African paleontologist Robert Broom. Fossils of ''Lycideops'' come from the Dicynodon Assemblage Zone, ''Dicynodon'' Assemblage Zone of the Beaufort Group. ''Lycideops'' is a member of the family (biology), family Lycideopidae. Like other lycideopids, ''Lycideops'' has a long snout. Phylogeny ''Lycideops'' has been included in several phylogenetic analyses, including those of Huttenlocker (2009), Huttenlocker ''et al.'' (2011), and Sigurdsen ''et al.'' (2012). All place ''Lycideops'' within the advanced therocephalian clade Baurioidea. Huttenlocker (2009) and Huttenlocker ''et al.'' (2011) found it to group with ''Regisaurus'' and ''Scaloposaurus'' as shown in the cladogram below: The analysis of Sigurdsen ''et al.'' (2012) came to a different result, grouping ''Lycideops'' with ''Tetracynodon'' and ''Choerosaurus''. The ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Late Permian
Late or LATE may refer to: Everyday usage * Tardy, or late, not being on time * Late (or the late) may refer to a person who is dead Music * ''Late'' (The 77s album), 2000 * Late (Alvin Batiste album), 1993 * Late!, a pseudonym used by Dave Grohl on his '' Pocketwatch'' album * Late (rapper), an underground rapper from Wolverhampton * "Late", a song by Kanye West from ''Late Registration'' Other uses * Late (Tonga), an uninhabited volcanic island southwest of Vavau in the kingdom of Tonga * "Late" (''The Handmaid's Tale''), a television episode * LaTe, Oy Laivateollisuus Ab, a defunct shipbuilding company * Limbic-predominant age-related TDP-43 encephalopathy, a proposed form of dementia * Local-authority trading enterprise, a New Zealand business law * Local average treatment effect, a concept in econometrics * Late, a synonym for ''cooler'' in stellar classification See also * * * ''Lates'', a genus of fish in the lates perch family * Later (other) Later may ref ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tetracynodon
''Tetracynodon'' is an extinct genus of therocephalian. Fossils of ''Tetracynodon'' have been found in the Karoo Basin of South Africa. Two species are known: the type species ''T. tenuis'' from the Late Permian and the species ''T. darti'' from the Early Triassic. Both species were small-bodied and probably fed on insects and small vertebrates. Although ''Tetracynodon'' is more closely related to mammals than to reptiles, its braincase is very primitive and more resembles that of modern amphibians and reptiles than of mammals. Permo-Triassic survivorship ''Tetracynodon'' was one of the few therapsid genera known to have survived the Permo-Triassic extinction event. Aside from ''Tetracynodon'', the only therocephalian genera known from both sides of the Permo-Triassic boundary are ''Moschorhinus'', ''Ictidosuchoides'' and '' Promoschorhynchus''. The Triassic species ''Tetracynodon darti'' would have been part of the extinction's survivor fauna, a low-diversity community of therap ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ictidosuchoides Longiceps
''Ictidosuchoides'' is an extinct genus of ictidosuchid therocephalians. Fossils have been found from the Karoo Basin in South Africa. The genus is known to have been one of the few therocephalians to have survived the Permian-Triassic extinction event in this area, although its numbers were quite low after the extinction.Ward, P. D., Botha, J., Buick, R., De Kock, M. O., Erwin, D. H., Garrison, G., Kirschvink, J. L., and Smith, R. (2005). Abrupt and gradual extinction among Late Permian land vertebrates in the Karoo Basin, South Africa. ''Science'' 307:709–714. See also * List of therapsids This list of therapsids is an attempt to create a comprehensive listing of all Genus, genera that have ever been included in the Therapsida excluding mammals and purely vernacular terms. The list includes all commonly accepted genera, but also gene ... * '' Ictidosuchops'' References External links The main groups of non-mammalian synapsids at Mikko's Phylogeny Archive Baur ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ictidosuchops Rubidgei
''Ictidosuchops'' is a genus of therocephalia Therocephalia is an extinct clade of therapsids (mammals and their close extinct relatives) from the Permian and Triassic periods. The therocephalians ("beast-heads") are named after their large skulls, which, along with the structure of their te ...n therapsids. There are currently two named species: ''Ictidosuchops intermedius'' and ''Ictidosuchops baurioides''. References The main groups of non-mammalian synapsids at Mikko's Phylogeny Archive Baurioidea Therocephalia genera Permian synapsids of Africa Fossil taxa described in 1938 Taxa named by Robert Broom {{paleo-therapsid-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ictidosuchus Primaevus
''Ictidosuchus'' is an extinct genus of therocephalia Therocephalia is an extinct clade of therapsids (mammals and their close extinct relatives) from the Permian and Triassic periods. The therocephalians ("beast-heads") are named after their large skulls, which, along with the structure of their te ...n therapsids. References The main groups of non-mammalian synapsids at Mikko's Phylogeny Archive Baurioidea Therocephalia genera Fossil taxa described in 1910 Taxa named by Robert Broom {{paleo-therapsid-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Vomer
The vomer (; ) is one of the unpaired facial bones of the skull. It is located in the midsagittal line, and articulates with the sphenoid, the ethmoid, the left and right palatine bones, and the left and right maxillary bones. The vomer forms the inferior part of the nasal septum in humans, with the superior part formed by the perpendicular plate of the ethmoid bone. The name is derived from the Latin word for a ploughshare and the shape of the bone. In humans The vomer is situated in the median plane, but its anterior portion is frequently bent to one side. It is thin, somewhat quadrilateral in shape, and forms the hinder and lower part of the nasal septum; it has two surfaces and four borders. The surfaces are marked by small furrows for blood vessels, and on each is the nasopalatine groove, which runs obliquely downward and forward, and lodges the nasopalatine nerve and vessels. Borders The ''superior border'', the thickest, presents a deep furrow, bounded on eith ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Maxilla
In vertebrates, the maxilla (: maxillae ) is the upper fixed (not fixed in Neopterygii) bone of the jaw formed from the fusion of two maxillary bones. In humans, the upper jaw includes the hard palate in the front of the mouth. The two maxillary bones are fused at the intermaxillary suture, forming the anterior nasal spine. This is similar to the mandible (lower jaw), which is also a fusion of two mandibular bones at the mandibular symphysis. The mandible is the movable part of the jaw. Anatomy Structure The maxilla is a paired bone - the two maxillae unite with each other at the intermaxillary suture. The maxilla consists of: * The body of the maxilla: pyramid-shaped; has an orbital, a nasal, an infratemporal, and a facial surface; contains the maxillary sinus. * Four processes: ** the zygomatic process ** the frontal process ** the alveolar process ** the palatine process It has three surfaces: * the anterior, posterior, medial Features of the maxilla include: * t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Nasal Bone
The nasal bones are two small oblong bones, varying in size and form in different individuals; they are placed side by side at the middle and upper part of the face and by their junction, form the bridge of the upper one third of the nose. Each has two surfaces and four borders. Structure There is heavy variation in the structure of the nasal bones, accounting for the differences in sizes and shapes of the nose seen across different people. Angles, shapes, and configurations of both the bone and cartilage are heavily varied between individuals. Broadly, most nasal bones can be categorized as "V-shaped" or "S-shaped" but these are not scientific or medical categorizations. When viewing anatomical drawings of these bones, consider that they are unlikely to be accurate for a majority of people. The two nasal bones are joined at the midline internasal suture and make up the bridge of the nose. Surfaces The ''outer surface'' is concavo-convex from above downward, convex from ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Lacrimal Bone
The lacrimal bones are two small and fragile bones of the facial skeleton; they are roughly the size of the little fingernail and situated at the front part of the medial wall of the orbit. They each have two surfaces and four borders. Several bony landmarks of the lacrimal bones function in the process of lacrimation. Specifically, the lacrimal bones help form the nasolacrimal canal necessary for tear translocation. A depression on the anterior inferior portion of one bone, the lacrimal fossa, houses the membranous lacrimal sac. Tears, from the lacrimal glands, collect in this sac during excessive lacrimation. The fluid then flows through the nasolacrimal duct and into the nasopharynx. This drainage results in what is commonly referred to a runny nose during excessive crying or tear production. Injury or fracture of the lacrimal bone can result in posttraumatic obstruction of the lacrimal pathways. Structure Lateral or orbital surface The lateral or orbital surface is divided b ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Eutherocephalia
Eutherocephalia ("true beast head") is an extinct clade of advanced therocephalian therapsids. Eutherocephalians are distinguished from the lycosuchids and scylacosaurids, two early therocephalian families. While lycosuchids and scyalosaurids became extinct by the end of the Permian period, eutherocephalians survived the Permian–Triassic extinction event. The group eventually became extinct in the Middle Triassic. Characteristics The Eutherocephalians evolved several mammal-like traits through convergent evolution with Cynodontia. Among those traits were the loss of palatine teeth and the reduction of the parietal eye. The latter organ is instrumental in thermoregulation among lizards and snakes, indicating both eutherocephalians and cynodonts were evolving toward a more active, homeothermic lifestyle, though the eye never fully disappeared in the eutherocephalians. Classification The clade Eutherocephalia contains the majority of therocephalians, yet the phylogenetic ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Incisor
Incisors (from Latin ''incidere'', "to cut") are the front teeth present in most mammals. They are located in the premaxilla above and on the mandible below. Humans have a total of eight (two on each side, top and bottom). Opossums have 18, whereas armadillos, anteaters and other animals in the order Edentata have none. Structure Adult humans normally have eight incisors, two of each type. The types of incisors are: * maxillary central incisor (upper jaw, closest to the center of the lips) * maxillary lateral incisor (upper jaw, beside the maxillary central incisor) * mandibular central incisor (lower jaw, closest to the center of the lips) * mandibular lateral incisor (lower jaw, beside the mandibular central incisor) Children with a full set of deciduous teeth (primary teeth) also have eight incisors, named the same way as in permanent teeth. Young children may have from zero to eight incisors depending on the stage of their tooth eruption and tooth development. Typic ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Basal (phylogenetics)
In phylogenetics, basal is the direction of the ''base'' (or root) of a phylogenetic tree#Rooted tree, rooted phylogenetic tree or cladogram. The term may be more strictly applied only to nodes adjacent to the root, or more loosely applied to nodes regarded as being close to the root. Note that extant taxa that lie on branches connecting directly to the root are not more closely related to the root than any other extant taxa. While there must always be two or more equally "basal" clades sprouting from the root of every cladogram, those clades may differ widely in taxonomic rank, Phylogenetic diversity, species diversity, or both. If ''C'' is a basal clade within ''D'' that has the lowest rank of all basal clades within ''D'', ''C'' may be described as ''the'' basal taxon of that rank within ''D''. The concept of a 'key innovation' implies some degree of correlation between evolutionary innovation and cladogenesis, diversification. However, such a correlation does not make a given ca ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
