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Lu People
The Tai Lü people ( Tai Lue: ᦺᦑᦟᦹᧉ, , ''Dǎi lè'', , ''Lư̄'', , , ) are an ethnic group of China, Laos, Thailand, Burma and Vietnam. They speak a Southwestern Tai language. Etymology The word ''Lü'' (ລື້) is similar to the ''Lao people'' in the Tai Lü language. Tai Lü can be written as Tai Lue, Dai Le and Dai Lue. They are also known as Xishuangbanna Dai, Sipsongpanna Tailurian and Tai Sipsongpanna. The word ''Lue'' ( Thai: เหนือ Tai Lue: ᦟᦹᧉ) in the Tai languages means "north", thus their ethnonym means ''Northern Tai'' which they share with Tai Nua people. Distribution In Vietnam, most Lu live in Lai Châu Province and their population was 5,601 in 2009. In China, they are officially recognized as part of the Dai ethnic group. The 2000 census counted about 280,000 Dai people speaking Lü language. The population in Thailand, where they are called Thai Lue (), was in 2001 estimated to be approximately 83,000.Johnstone and Mandry ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Dai People
The Dai people ( Burmese: ရှမ်းလူမျိုး; ; ; ; , ; , ; zh, c=, p=Dǎizú) are several Tai-speaking ethnic groups living in the Xishuangbanna Dai Autonomous Prefecture and the Dehong Dai and Jingpo Autonomous Prefecture of China's Yunnan Province. The Dai people form one of the 56 ethnic groups officially recognized by the People's Republic of China. By extension, the term can apply to groups in Laos, Vietnam, Thailand and Myanmar when Dai is used to mean specifically Tai Yai, Lue, Chinese Shan, Tai Dam, Tai Khao or even Tai in general. For other names, see the table below. Name ambiguity The Dai people are closely related to the Shan, Lao and Thai people who form a majority in Laos and Thailand, and a large minority in Myanmar. Originally, the Tai, or Dai, lived closely together in modern Yunnan Province until political chaos and wars in the north at the end of the Tang and Song dynasty and various nomadic peoples prompted some to move furth ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tai Peoples
Tai peoples are the populations who speak (or formerly spoke) the Tai languages. There are a total of about 93 million people of Tai ancestry worldwide, with the largest ethnic groups being Dai people, Dai, Thai people, Thai, Isan people, Isan, Tai Yai people, Tai Yai (Shan), Lao people, Lao, Ahom people, Tai Ahom, Tai Kassay and Northern Thai people, some Northern Thai peoples. The Tai are scattered through much of South China and Mainland Southeast Asia, with some (''e.g.'' Ahom people, Tai Ahom, Tai Kassay, Khamyang people, Tai Khamyang, Khamti people, Tai Khamti, Tai Phake people, Tai Phake, Tai Aiton) inhabiting parts of Northeast India. Tai peoples are both culturally and genetically very similar and therefore primarily identified through their language. Names Speakers of the many languages in the Tai branch of the Tai–Kadai languages, Tai–Kadai language family are spread over many countries in Southern China, Indochina and Northeast India. Unsurprisingly, there are ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Theravada
''Theravāda'' (; 'School of the Elders'; ) is Buddhism's oldest existing school. The school's adherents, termed ''Theravādins'' (anglicized from Pali ''theravādī''), have preserved their version of the Buddha's teaching or ''Dharma (Buddhism), Dhamma'' in the Pāli Canon for over two millennia. The Pāli Canon is the most complete Buddhist canon surviving in a Indo-Aryan languages, classical Indian language, Pāli, which serves as the school's sacred language and ''lingua franca''.Crosby, Kate (2013), ''Theravada Buddhism: Continuity, Diversity, and Identity'', p. 2. In contrast to Mahāyāna and Vajrayāna, Theravāda tends to be conservative in matters of doctrine (''pariyatti'') and monastic discipline (''vinaya''). One element of this Religious conservatism, conservatism is the fact that Theravāda rejects the authenticity of the Mahayana sutras (which appeared onwards). Consequently, Theravāda generally does not recognize the existence of many Buddhas and bodhisattva ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mường Thanh
Mường Thanh is a ward (''phường'') of Điện Biên Phủ in Điện Biên Province in northwestern Vietnam. It was a township of Điện Biên District before it was incorporated into Điện Biên Phủ city. Mường Thanh is named after ''Muang Theng'' or ''Müang Thaeng'', which was, according to the Khun Borom creation myth, the original home of the Tai peoples ( Lao, Thai, Shan, upland Tai peoples). Until the 1950s, Mường Thanh was the centre of an autonomous chiefdom A chiefdom is a political organization of people representation (politics), represented or government, governed by a tribal chief, chief. Chiefdoms have been discussed, depending on their scope, as a stateless society, stateless, state (polity) ... of the Tai Dam ("Black Tai"), one of the 12 cantons of the confederation Sip Song Chau Tai. References Communes of Điện Biên province Populated places in Điện Biên province Dien Bien Phu {{DienBien-geo-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Free Reed
A free reed aerophone is a musical instrument that produces sound as air flows past a vibrating reed in a frame. Air pressure is typically generated by breath or with a bellows. In the Hornbostel–Sachs system, it is number 412.13 (a member of interruptive free aerophones). Free reed instruments are contrasted with non-free or enclosed reed instruments, where the timbre is fully or partially dependent on the shape of the instrument body, Hornbostel–Sachs number: 42 (flute, reed, and brass). Operation The following illustrations depict the type of reed typical of harmonicas, pitch pipes, accordions, and reed organs as it goes through a cycle of vibration. One side of the reed frame is omitted from the images for clarity; in reality, the frame completely encloses the reed. Airflow over one side of the reed (labeled “AR”) creates a region of low pressure on that side (see the Bernoulli's principle article for details), causing the reed to flex towards the low-pressure s ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Chiang Mai Province
Chiang Mai is the largest Provinces of Thailand, province (''changwat'') of Thailand by area. It lies in Northern Thailand#Regional classification of northern Thailand, upper northern Thailand and has a population of 1.78 million people. It is bordered by Chiang Rai province, Chiang Rai to the northeast, Lampang province, Lampang and Lamphun province, Lamphun to the south, Tak province, Tak to the southwest, Mae Hong Son province, Mae Hong Son to the west, and Shan State of Burma to the north. The capital, Chiang Mai, is north of Bangkok. Geography Chiang Mai province is about from Bangkok in the Ping River, Mae Ping River basin and is on average at elevation. Surrounded by the mountain ranges of the Thai highlands, it covers an area of approximately . The mountains of the Daen Lao Range () at the north end of the province, the Thanon Thong Chai Range () with the highest mountain in Thailand, Doi Inthanon at , stretching in a north–south direction, and the Khun Tan Range ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Chiang Rai Province
Chiang Rai (, ; , ) is one of Thailand's seventy-six Provinces of Thailand, provinces that lies in Northern Thailand#Regional classification of northern Thailand, upper northern Thailand and is Thailand's northernmost province. It is bordered by the Shan State of Myanmar to the north, Bokeo province of Laos to the east, Phayao province, Phayao to the south, Lampang province, Lampang to the southwest, and Chiang Mai province, Chiang Mai to the west. The province is linked to Houayxay, Laos by the Fourth Thai–Lao Friendship Bridge that spans the Mekong. Geography The average elevation of the province is . The north of the province is part of the so-called ''Golden Triangle (Southeast Asia), Golden Triangle'', where the borders of Thailand, Laos and Burma converge, an area which prior to the rise of agricultural production of coffee, pineapple, coconuts, and banana plantations, was unsafe because of drug smuggling across the borders. The Mekong River forms the boundary with Laos ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tai Nua People
Tai Nüa ( Dehong Dai: ᥖᥭᥰ ᥘᥫᥴ ''Tai Lə;'' Chinese: 傣那 ''Dǎinà'') is one of the Tai ethnicities in Southeast Asia. They are primarily found in the Yunnan Province of China, Laos, Thailand, Myanmar, and Vietnam, with some immigrating to the United States. There are, however, two distinct groups of Tai people called Tai Nua: one in China and Myanmar (Burma), and the other in Laos. Ethnonyms Tai Nua/Lua can be written as Tai Neua, Tai Nuea, Tai Nüa, or Dai Nua, and sometimes Tai Nau. They are also known as Dehong Dai, Dehong Tailurian, and Chinese Shan. The word ''Nua'' ( Thai: เหนือ, Dehong Dai: ᥘᥫᥴ ''Lə'') in the Tai languages means "north", so ''Tai Nua'' ( Thai: ไทเหนือ, Dehong Dai: ᥖᥭᥰ ᥘᥫᥴ) means "Northern Tai" and is used by Tai people to refer to other Tai groups living to the north. However, the naming of the Tai people can be confusing; some publications may also use Dai Kong, Dai Loe, Tai Mao, and others. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tai Languages
The Tai, Zhuang–Tai, or Daic languages (Ahom language, Ahom: 𑜁𑜪𑜨 𑜄𑜩 or 𑜁𑜨𑜉𑜫 𑜄𑜩 ; ; or , ; , ) are a branch of the Kra–Dai languages, Kra–Dai language family. The Tai languages include the most widely spoken of the Tai–Kadai languages, including Standard Thai language, Thai or Siamese, the national language of Thailand; Lao language, Lao or Laotian, the national language of Laos; Myanmar's Shan language; and Zhuang languages, Zhuang, a major language in the Southwestern China's Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, spoken by the Zhuang people (), the largest minority ethnic group in China, with a population of 15.55 million, living mainly in Guangxi, the rest scattered across Yunnan, Guangdong, Guizhou, and Hunan provinces. Name Cognates with the name ''Tai'' (''Thai'', ''Dai'', etc.) are used by speakers of many Tai languages. The term ''Tai'' is now well-established as the generic name in English. In his book'' The Tai-Kadai Languages ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Southwestern Tai Languages
The Southwestern Tai or Thai languages are a branch of the Tai languages of Southeast Asia. Its languages include Central Thai (Siamese), Northern Thai (Lanna), Lao (including Isan), Shan and others. Classification The internal classification of the Southwestern Tai dialects is still not well agreed on. Chamberlain (1975) Chamberlain (1975) divides Southwestern Tai into 4 branches.Chamberlain, James R. 1975.A new look at the history and classification of the Tai dialects" In J. G. Harris and J. R. Chamberlain, eds, Studies in Tai Linguistics in Honor of William J. Gedney, pp. 49–60. Bangkok: Central Institute of English Language, Office of State Universities. Chamberlain based his classification on the following phonological patterns. (''Note: For an explanation of the notation system for Tai tones, see Proto-Tai language#Tones''.) #/p/ vs. /ph/ #tone *A column split/merger pattern #tone *BCD columns split/merger patterns #B-DL tonal coalescence ;Proto-Southwestern Tai * ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
