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Louis V, Elector Palatine
Louis V, Count Palatine of the Rhine ( German: ''Ludwig V. von der Pfalz'') (2 July 1478, in Heidelberg – 16 March 1544, in Heidelberg), also Louis the Pacific, was a member of the Wittelsbach dynasty. He was prince elector of the Palatinate. His parents were Philip, Elector Palatine, and Margaret Margaret is a feminine given name, which means "pearl". It is of Latin origin, via Ancient Greek and ultimately from Iranian languages, Old Iranian. It has been an English language, English name since the 11th century, and remained popular thro ..., a daughter of Louis IX, Duke of Bavaria, Louis IX, Duke of Bavaria-Landshut. He converted to Lutheranism in the 1530s. Biography Louis succeeded his father in 1508 and had to cope with the consequences of the lost Landshut War of Succession against Albert IV, Duke of Bavaria. With the Imperial Diet (Holy Roman Empire), Imperial Diet of Augsburg in 1518 Louis achieved the annulment of the Reichsacht, Imperial Ban against the Palat ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
House Of Wittelsbach
The House of Wittelsbach () is a former Bavarian dynasty, with branches that have ruled over territories including the Electorate of Bavaria, the Electoral Palatinate, the Electorate of Cologne, County of Holland, Holland, County of Zeeland, Zeeland, Sweden (with Finland under Swedish rule, Swedish-ruled Finland), Denmark, Norway, Kingdom of Hungary, Hungary, Kingdom of Bohemia, Bohemia, and Kingdom of Greece, Greece. Their ancestral lands of Bavaria and the Electoral Palatinate, Palatinate were prince-electorates, and the family had three of its members elected emperors and kings of the Holy Roman Empire. They ruled over the Kingdom of Bavaria which was created in 1805 and continued to exist until 1918. The House of Windsor, the reigning royal house of the British monarchy, are descendants of Sophia of Hanover (1630–1714), a Wittelsbach Princess of the Palatinate by birth and List of Hanoverian royal consorts, Electress of Hanover by marriage, who had inherited the success ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Imperial Diet (Holy Roman Empire)
The Imperial Diet (; ) was the deliberative body of the Holy Roman Empire. It was not a legislative body in the contemporary sense; its members envisioned it more like a central forum where it was more important to negotiate than to decide. Its members were the Imperial Estates, divided into three colleges. The Diet (assembly), diet as a permanent, regularized institution evolved from the ''Hoftage'' (court assemblies) of the Middle Ages. From 1663 until the end of the empire in 1806, it was in Perpetual Diet of Regensburg, permanent session at Regensburg. All Imperial Estates enjoyed Imperial immediacy, immediacy and, therefore, they had no authority above them besides the Holy Roman Emperor himself. While all the estates were entitled to a seat and vote, only the higher temporal and spiritual princes of the College of Princes enjoyed an individual vote (''Virilstimme''), while lesser estates such as imperial counts and imperial abbots, were merely entitled to a collective vote ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mary Of Burgundy, Duchess Of Savoy
Mary of Burgundy (French: Marie de Bourgogne; 1386–1428) was a Duchess of Savoy by her marriage to Amadeus VIII of Savoy, who was later known as Antipope Felix V. Life Mary was born in 1386, most likely in September, in Dijon, France. She was the eighth of the nine children of Philip the Bold, Duke of Burgundy, and his wife Margaret III, Countess of Flanders. From her birth, Mary's father intended her to marry Amadeus VIII of Savoy, son of Amadeus VII, Count of Savoy and Bonne of Berry. Their marriage was contracted in the year of her birth, on 11 November 1386 in Sluis, Zeeland; they married by proxy 30 October 1393 in Chalon-sur-Saône and in person at Arras in May 1401, when Mary was around 15 years old. However, she did not arrive in Savoy until she was 17, in September 1403. In 1416, Sigismund, Holy Roman Emperor elevated Amadeus from Count to Duke of Savoy. Mary duly became Duchess. From then onwards Dukes ruled over Savoy. The couple were married for thirty-six y ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Amadeus VIII Of Savoy
Amadeus VIII (4 September 1383 – 7 January 1451), nicknamed the Peaceful, was Count of Savoy from 1391 to 1416 and Duke of Savoy from 1416 to 1440. He was a claimant to the papacy from 1439 to 1449 as Felix VWhen numbering of the popes began to be used, Antipope Felix II was counted as one of the popes of that name. The second official Pope Felix is thus known by the number III, and the third was given the number IV. It also affected the name taken by Amadeus, who would have been the fourth Pope Felix. in opposition to Popes Eugene IV and Nicholas V. Count and duke Amadeus was born in Chambéry on 4 September 1383, the son of Amadeus VII, Count of Savoy and Bonne of Berry. Even as a boy he suffered from strabismus, which one of his father's physicians, Jean de Grandville, claimed he could cure. He became count of Savoy in 1391 after his father's death on 2 November 1391, caused (it was said) by poisoning, or at least bad treatment at the hands of his physicians. In his te ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Matilda Of Savoy
Matilda (or Mechtilde) of Savoy (1390–1438) was Electress Palatine as the second wife of the Elector Palatine Louis III, whom she married on 30 November 1417. She was a daughter of Amadeo, Prince of Achaea and Catherine of Geneva. Children Matilda had the following five children: # Mathilde (7 March 1419 – 1 October 1482), married: ## in 1434 to Count Louis I of Württemberg ## in 1452 to Duke Albrecht VI of Austria # Louis IV, Elector Palatine (1 January 1424 – 13 August 1449) # Frederick I, Elector Palatine (1 August 1425 – 12 December 1476) # Rupprecht (27 February 1427 – 26 July 1480), Prince-elector archbishop of Cologne # Margarete (ca. 1428 – 23 November 1466), a nun at Liebenau monastery The Liebenau monastery was a Dominican monastery. It was located outside the city gates of Worms in today's Worms-Hochheim district. Location Liebenau was located in the east of Hochheim district, close to the border with the Neuhausen distri ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Louis III, Elector Palatine
Louis III () (23 January 1378 – 30 December 1436), was an Elector Palatine of the Rhine from the house of Wittelsbach in 1410–1436. Biography Louis III was the third son of King Rupert of Germany and his wife Elisabeth of Nuremberg. During his father's campaign in Italy 1401-1402 Louis served as imperial vicar. He succeeded his father in 1410 as Elector of the Palatinate but did not run for the German crown. The Palatinate was divided among the four of Rupert's surviving sons. As oldest surviving son and new Prince-Elector Louis III received the main part, John received Palatinate-Neumarkt, Stephen received Palatinate-Simmern and Otto received Palatinate-Mosbach. Louis III was a member of the Parakeet Society and of the League of Constance. Highly cultured and religious he was a patron of the Heidelberg University. Louis III acted as vicar for Sigismund, Holy Roman Emperor and was his bearer during the Council of Constance. As such Louis later also executed the sente ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Amalia Of Saxony, Duchess Of Bavaria
Amalia of Saxony (4 April 1436 – 19 November 1501) was a princess of Saxony and by marriage Duchess of Bavaria-Landshut. Life Amalia was born in Meissen. She was the oldest of the children of the elector Frederick II of Saxony (1412–1464) from his marriage to Margaret (1416/7–1486), daughter of the Duke Ernest of Austria. Amalia married on 21 March 1452 in Landshut Duke Louis IX of Bavaria-Landshut (1417–1479). Like the wedding of the son later, this marriage was celebrated with splendour. 22,000 guests were invited. In 1463, Amalia received Burghausen Castle from her husband as a residence. He also prescribed a comprehensive and rigorous Court discipline. Amalia is one of the founders of the Holy Spirit Church in Burghausen. After the death of her husband, Amalia left Bavaria. From the compensation for her Wittum, she received 800 Rhenish florins per year from her son. Amalia acquired from her brothers and Rochlitz Castle and district, where she lived with a large ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Margaret Of Savoy, Duchess Of Anjou
Margaret of Savoy (7 August 1420 – 30 September 1479), was a daughter of Amadeus VIII of Savoy and Mary of Burgundy. By her three illustrious marriages, she held a number of titles, including ''Duchess of Anjou'', ''Duchess of Calabria'', ''Countess of Maine'', ''Countess of the Palatinate'', and ''Countess of Württemberg''. Family Margaret was one of seven children born to Amadeus VIII, Count of Savoy and his wife Mary of Burgundy. A few of her siblings included Louis, Duke of Savoy and Mary, Duchess of Milan. Her paternal grandparents were Amadeus VII, Count of Savoy and Bonne of Berry. Her maternal grandparents were Philip the Bold, Duke of Burgundy and Margaret III, Countess of Flanders. Marriages First Margaret married firstly Louis, Duke of Anjou, the titular King of Naples. He was a son of Louis II of Anjou and Yolande of Aragon. Their first marriage contract is dated on 31 Mar 1431. She became known as the Duchess of Anjou. They had no children, and he died in 1434 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Louis IV, Elector Palatine
Louis IV, Count Palatine of the Rhine (1 January 1424, Heidelberg – 13 August 1449, Worms) was an Elector Palatine of the Rhine from the House of Wittelsbach in 1436 - 1449. Biography Louis IV was the son of Louis III, Elector Palatine and his second wife Matilda of Savoy. His mother was a fourth-generation descendant of Thomas III of Piedmont (1248 - 1282), the eldest son of Thomas II of Savoy. From the death of Louis III in 1436 until 1442, Louis IV ruled under the guardianship of his uncle, Count Palatine Otto I of Mosbach. In 1444 he repelled the attacks of the Armagnacs as an Imperial captain. Louis IV died aged 25 years in 1449 in Worms, and was buried in the Church of the Holy Spirit of Heidelberg. His only son being a minor, Philipp, he fell under the guardianship of Louis' brother Frederick, who later adopted him and then seized the electoral title himself in 1451/52. Marriage and children In 1445 he married Margarete of Savoy, widow of king Louis III of N ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
The Story Of Civilization
''The Story of Civilization'' (1935–1975), by husband and wife Will and Ariel Durant, is an eleven-volume set of books covering both Eastern and Western civilizations for the general reader, with a particular emphasis on European (Western) history. The series was written over a span of four decades. The first six volumes of ''The Story of Civilization'' are credited to Will Durant alone, with Ariel recognized only in the acknowledgements. Beginning with ''The Age of Reason Begins'', Ariel is credited as a co-author. In the preface to the first volume, Durant states his intention to make the series in five volumes, although this would not turn out to be the case. The series won a Pulitzer Prize for General Nonfiction in 1968 with the tenth volume in the series, ''Rousseau and Revolution''. The volumes were best sellers and sold well for many years. Sets of them were frequently offered by book clubs. An unabridged audiobook production of all eleven volumes was produced ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Neustadt An Der Weinstraße
Neustadt (German for ''new town'' or ''new city'') may refer to: Places * Neustadt (urban district) Czech Republic *Neustadt an der Mettau, Nové Město nad Metují *Neustadt an der Tafelfichte, Nové Město pod Smrkem * Nové Město na Moravě () Germany Bavaria * Neustadt an der Aisch, the capital of the district Neustadt an der Aisch-Bad Windsheim * Neustadt bei Coburg, a town in the district of Coburg * Neustadt an der Donau, a town in the district of Kelheim * Neustadt am Kulm, a town in the district of Neustadt (Waldnaab) * Neustadt am Main, a town in the district of Main-Spessart * Neustadt an der Waldnaab, the capital of the district of Neustadt (Waldnaab) Brandenburg * Neustadt an der Dosse, a town in the district of Ostprignitz-Ruppin * Amt Neustadt (Dosse), a collective municipality in Neustadt (Dosse) Lower Saxony * Neustadt am Rübenberge, a town in the district of Hanover Rhineland-Palatinate * Neustadt an der Weinstraße, a city and urban distr ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
German Peasants' War
The German Peasants' War, Great Peasants' War or Great Peasants' Revolt () was a widespread popular revolt in some German-speaking areas in Central Europe from 1524 to 1525. It was Europe's largest and most widespread popular uprising before the French Revolution of 1789. The revolt failed because of intense opposition from the aristocracy, who slaughtered up to 100,000 of the 300,000 poorly armed peasants and farmers. The survivors were fined and achieved few, if any, of their goals. Like the preceding Bundschuh movement and the Hussite Wars, the war consisted of a series of both economic and religious revolts involving peasants and farmers, sometimes supported by radical clergy like Thomas Müntzer. The fighting was at its height in the middle of 1525. The war began with separate insurrections, beginning in the southwestern part of what is now Germany and Alsace, and spread in subsequent insurrections to the central and eastern areas of Germany and present-day Austria. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
