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Lordships Of Esens, Stedesdorf And Wittmund
The Lordships of Esens, Stedesdorf and Wittmund (German language, German: ''Herrlichkeiten Esens, Wittmund und Stedesdorf'') formed a contiguous area in the old district of Harlingerland in the north of the East Frisia (peninsula), East Frisian peninsula. As in the other areas of East Frisia, the system of the old Frisian freedom in Harlingerland came under increasing pressure due to the rise of the East Frisian chieftains, chieftains. In Harlingerland they owned castles in places such as Dornum, Esens, Lower Saxony, Esens, Stedesdorf, Werdum and Wittmund. All these strongholds came one by one into the hands of the powerful chieftain family Attena in the fifteenth century. The first to call himself 'Chieftain of Esens, Stedesdorf and Wittmund' was Sibet Attena in 1455; a loyal follower of Ulrich I, Count of East Frisia, Ulrich Cirksena, the later founder of the County of East Frisia. His son, Hero Oomkens von Esens, Hero Oomkens, on the other hand, turned away from the Cirksena dy ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Middle Ages
In the history of Europe, the Middle Ages or medieval period lasted approximately from the 5th to the late 15th centuries, similarly to the post-classical period of global history. It began with the fall of the Western Roman Empire and transitioned into the Renaissance and the Age of Discovery. The Middle Ages is the middle period of the three traditional divisions of Western history: classical antiquity, the medieval period, and the modern period. The medieval period is itself subdivided into the Early, High, and Late Middle Ages. Population decline, counterurbanisation, the collapse of centralised authority, invasions, and mass migrations of tribes, which had begun in late antiquity, continued into the Early Middle Ages. The large-scale movements of the Migration Period, including various Germanic peoples, formed new kingdoms in what remained of the Western Roman Empire. In the 7th century, North Africa and the Middle East—once part of the Byzantine Empire� ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Attena
{{distinguish, Antenna (other){{!antenna The Attena family is a former ruling family of List of counts of East Frisia#Attena family, East Frisian chieftains. They reigned over Lordships of Dornum and Nesse, Dornum, Nesse, located in Lower Saxony, in what is today Germany. Genealogy # Eylwerd I, chieftain of Norden, Lower Saxony, Norden (c. 1310 - unknown) ## Hero I, chieftain of Norden, Lower Saxony, Norden, Dornum, Dornum-Norderburg and Nesse, Dornum, Nesse (c. 1340 - c. 1410) ### Lütet Attena, Lütet I, chieftain Norden, Lower Saxony, Norden, Dornum, Dornum-Norderburg and Nesse, Dornum, Nesse (c. 1365 - c. 1410) ### Eger I, chieftain of Dornum, Dornum-Westerbug (c. 1367 - unknown) #### Hicko I, chieftain of Dornum, Dornum-Westerburg (c. 1390 - unknown) ### Enno I, chieftain of Dornum, Dornum-Osterburg (after 1375 - unknown) #### Sibet I, chieftain of Dornum, Dornum-Osterburg (c. 1400 - 1433) ##### Sibet Attena, Sibet I, Lordships of Esens, Stedesdorf and Wittmund, lord ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Catholic Church
The Catholic Church (), also known as the Roman Catholic Church, is the List of Christian denominations by number of members, largest Christian church, with 1.27 to 1.41 billion baptized Catholics Catholic Church by country, worldwide as of 2025. It is among the world's oldest and largest international institutions and has played a prominent role in the history and development of Western civilization.Gerald O'Collins, O'Collins, p. v (preface). The church consists of 24 Catholic particular churches and liturgical rites#Churches, ''sui iuris'' (autonomous) churches, including the Latin Church and 23 Eastern Catholic Churches, which comprise almost 3,500 dioceses and Eparchy, eparchies List of Catholic dioceses (structured view), around the world, each overseen by one or more Bishops in the Catholic Church, bishops. The pope, who is the bishop of Rome, is the Papal supremacy, chief pastor of the church. The core beliefs of Catholicism are found in the Nicene Creed. The ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Germany
Germany, officially the Federal Republic of Germany, is a country in Central Europe. It lies between the Baltic Sea and the North Sea to the north and the Alps to the south. Its sixteen States of Germany, constituent states have a total population of over 84 million in an area of , making it the most populous member state of the European Union. It borders Denmark to the north, Poland and the Czech Republic to the east, Austria and Switzerland to the south, and France, Luxembourg, Belgium, and the Netherlands to the west. The Capital of Germany, nation's capital and List of cities in Germany by population, most populous city is Berlin and its main financial centre is Frankfurt; the largest urban area is the Ruhr. Settlement in the territory of modern Germany began in the Lower Paleolithic, with various tribes inhabiting it from the Neolithic onward, chiefly the Celts. Various Germanic peoples, Germanic tribes have inhabited the northern parts of modern Germany since classical ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
German Language
German (, ) is a West Germanic language in the Indo-European language family, mainly spoken in Western Europe, Western and Central Europe. It is the majority and Official language, official (or co-official) language in Germany, Austria, Switzerland, and Liechtenstein. It is also an official language of Luxembourg, German-speaking Community of Belgium, Belgium and the Italian autonomous province of South Tyrol, as well as a recognized national language in Namibia. There are also notable German-speaking communities in other parts of Europe, including: Poland (Upper Silesia), the Czech Republic (North Bohemia), Denmark (South Jutland County, North Schleswig), Slovakia (Krahule), Germans of Romania, Romania, Hungary (Sopron), and France (European Collectivity of Alsace, Alsace). Overseas, sizeable communities of German-speakers are found in the Americas. German is one of the global language system, major languages of the world, with nearly 80 million native speakers and over 130 mi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
East Frisian Low Saxon
East Frisian Low Saxon, East Frisian Low German or simply called East Frisian is a Northern Low Saxon dialect spoken in the East Frisian peninsula of northwestern Lower Saxony. East Frisian Low Saxon remains in everyday use among segments of the coastal population in East Frisia, particularly among older generations and in rural communities. Estimates suggest that approximately half of the regional population retains some level of active usage, though both fluent speakers and passive comprehension are in decline due to sociolinguistic shifts and increasing dominance of Standard German. East Frisian Low Saxon is not to be confused with the East Frisian language; the latter, spoken by about 2,000 individuals in the Saterland region, is a Frisian language, not Low German. There are several dialects in East Frisian Low Saxon. There are two main groups of dialects. The dialects in the east, called Harlinger Platt, are strongly influenced by Northern Low Saxon of Oldenburg. The ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Harlingerland Frisian
Harlingerland Frisian is an extinct dialect of the East Frisian language. It was known for giving several features originally in Old Frisian. The language was only documented in the year 1691 with the book , by Johann Cadovius-Müller. This dialect then slowly vanished and was displaced by the Harlings dialect of Low German. It belonged to the Weser dialects alongside the Wursten and Wangerooge Frisian dialects. Sample text Below is a translation of the Lord's Prayer and a comparison with the Saterland Frisian translation. References External links * Memoriale linguae Frisicae at the Internet Archive The Internet Archive is an American 501(c)(3) organization, non-profit organization founded in 1996 by Brewster Kahle that runs a digital library website, archive.org. It provides free access to collections of digitized media including web ... East Frisian language Extinct Germanic languages {{Germanic-lang-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Esens, Lower Saxony
Esens is a municipality in the district of Wittmund, in Lower Saxony, Germany. It is situated near the North Sea coast, approx. 14 km northwest of Wittmund, and 20 km northeast of Aurich. Rathaus_Esens.jpg, Esens townhall in wintertime 2012-05-13 Nordsee-Luftbilder DSCF8737.jpg, Aerial view of Esens harbour Bensersiel Esens is also the seat of the ''Samtgemeinde'' ("collective municipality") Esens. Sons and daughters of the city * Eilert Dieken (1898-1960), German Nazi policeman and gendarme who murdered the Ulma family in Markowa (Poland) in 1944 * David Fabricius (1564-1617), theologian, major amateur astronomer and cartographer * Johann Hülsemann (1602-1661), Lutheran theologian * Philipp Heinrich Erlebach (1657-1714), composer * Christian Everhard, Prince of East Frisia (1665-1708), Prince of East Friesland from the House of Cirksena * Enno Rudolph Brenneysen, (1669-1734), jurist and chancellor of East Friesland * Philipp Ludwig Statius Müller (1725-17 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
County Of Rietberg
The County of Rietberg () was a state of the Holy Roman Empire, located in the present-day German state of North Rhine-Westphalia. It was situated on the upper Ems in Westphalia, between the Prince-Bishopric of Paderborn and the Prince-Bishopric of Münster. It existed as an independent territory from 1237 to 1807, when it was mediatised to the Kingdom of Westphalia. History Rietberg was first mentioned as ''Rietbike'' around the year 1100. This name refers to the German words ''ried'' (an old name for " reed") and ''bach'' (" creek"). There was a castle that dated back to the 11th century. From 1237 until 1807, Rietberg was an independent German territory, although very small. Nevertheless, the county had its own militia, its own currency and its own laws; even foreign policy, on a small scale, was conducted independently. Until the 17th century, Rietberg coined its own money. In 1699, the County of Rietberg came into the possession of the Moravian noble family of the Co ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Personal Union
A personal union is a combination of two or more monarchical states that have the same monarch while their boundaries, laws, and interests remain distinct. A real union, by contrast, involves the constituent states being to some extent interlinked, such as by sharing some limited governmental institutions. Unlike a personal union, in a federation or a unitary state, a central (federal) government spanning all member states exists, with the degree of self-governance distinguishing the two. The ruler in a personal union does not need to be a hereditary monarch. The term was coined by German jurist Johann Stephan Pütter, introducing it into ''Elementa iuris publici germanici'' (Elements of German Public Law) of 1760. Personal unions can arise for several reasons, such as: * inheritance through a dynastic union, e.g. Louis X of France inherited France France, officially the French Republic, is a country located primarily in Western Europe. Overseas France, Its ov ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Holy Roman Empire
The Holy Roman Empire, also known as the Holy Roman Empire of the German Nation after 1512, was a polity in Central and Western Europe, usually headed by the Holy Roman Emperor. It developed in the Early Middle Ages, and lasted for a millennium until its Dissolution of the Holy Roman Empire, dissolution in 1806 during the Napoleonic Wars. For most of its history the Empire comprised the entirety of the modern countries of Germany, Czechia, Austria, the Netherlands, Belgium, Switzerland, Slovenia, and Luxembourg, most of north-central Italy, and large parts of modern-day east France and west Poland. On 25 December 800, Pope Leo III crowned the Frankish king Charlemagne Roman emperor, reviving the title more than three centuries after the fall of the Western Roman Empire in 476. The title lapsed in 924, but was revived in 962 when Otto I, OttoI was crowned emperor by Pope John XII, as Charlemagne's and the Carolingian Empire's successor. From 962 until the 12th century, the empire ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Imperial State
An Imperial Estate (; , plural: ') was an entity or an individual of the Holy Roman Empire with representation and the right to vote in the Imperial Diet (Holy Roman Empire), Imperial Diet ('). Rulers of these Estates were able to exercise significant rights and privileges and were "Imperial immediacy, immediate", meaning the only authority above them was that of the Holy Roman Emperor. They were thus able to rule their territories with a considerable degree of autonomy. The system of imperial states replaced the more regular division of Germany into stem duchy, stem duchies in the early medieval period. The old Carolingian Empire, Carolingian stem duchies were retained as the major divisions of Germany under the Salian dynasty, but they became increasingly obsolete during the early high medieval era, period under the Hohenstaufen, and they were finally abolished in 1180 by Frederick I, Holy Roman Emperor, Frederick Barbarossa in favour of more numerous territorial divisions. Fr ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
