Lithuanian Civil War (1697–1702)
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Lithuanian Civil War (1697–1702)
The Lithuanian Civil War of 1697–1702 refers to the conflict between the powerful Sapieha family, which dominated the internal affairs of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania, and the anti-Sapieha coalition, so-called Republicans or Confederates. The latter were composed of opposing noble families (Radziwiłł family, Radziwiłł, Wiśniowiecki, Pac family, Pac and Ogiński family, Ogiński) that disliked Sapieha family's hegemony in the country. The szlachta was mostly on the side of the Republicans as they were angry at Sapieha's abuse and the taxes imposed on them to finance the Grand Ducal Lithuanian Army, which was mostly loyal to the Sapiehas. Background In the Grand Duchy, the influence of the magnates was much stronger than in the Crown of the Kingdom of Poland. The struggle for power was won by one of the families, which seized the most important offices and exercised a leading role within the Grand Duchy. During the reign of King Michał Korybut Wiśniowiecki from late 1669 ...
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Grand Duchy Of Lithuania
The Grand Duchy of Lithuania was a sovereign state in northeastern Europe that existed from the 13th century, succeeding the Kingdom of Lithuania, to the late 18th century, when the territory was suppressed during the 1795 Partitions of Poland, partitions of Poland–Lithuania. The state was founded by Lithuanians (tribe), Lithuanians, who were at the time a Lithuanian mythology, polytheistic nation of several united Baltic tribes from Aukštaitija. By 1440 the grand duchy had become the largest European state, controlling an area from the Baltic Sea in the north to the Black Sea in the south. The grand duchy expanded to include large portions of the former Kievan Rus' and other neighbouring states, including what is now Belarus, Lithuania, most of Ukraine as well as parts of Latvia, Moldova, Poland and Russia. At its greatest extent, in the 15th century, it was the largest state in Europe. It was a multinational state, multi-ethnic and multiconfessionalism, multiconfessional sta ...
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Kazimierz Jan Sapieha
Kazimierz Jan Paweł Sapieha (; 1637–1720) was a grand hetman of Lithuania commencing in 1682. In 1681, he became Field Hetman of Lithuania, the following year he also became the voivode of Vilnius. He held the title of duke starting in 1700. Kazimierz Jan Sapieha is the son of Paweł Jan Sapieha and Anna Barbara Kopeć. He commanded the Grand Ducal Lithuanian Army contingent of the military of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth during the campaign to lift the Siege of Vienna by the Ottoman Turks. When the main Polish Army under the King of Poland John III Sobieski, who was nominated the Supreme Commander of the Holy League, marched on Vienna and played a decisive role in the battle, it left Poland undefended. As a result, the Lithuanian troops were drawn into a fight along the southern Polish border tying down the anti-Habsburg Hungarian Kuruc forces under the vassal king of Upper Hungary, Emeric Thököly, along the border between Upper Hungary and Poland. This punitive ...
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Stanisław Jan Jabłonowski
Prince Stanisław Jan Jabłonowski (1634–1702) was a Polish nobleman, magnate, Grand Guardian of the Crown since 1660, the Grand Camp Leader of the Crown since 1661, voivode of the Ruthenian Voivodship since 1664, Field Crown Hetman since 1676, Great Crown Hetman since 1683 and castellan of Kraków since 1692. Jabłonowski was a candidate for the Polish throne following the death of King John III Sobieski. A talented and skillful political and military leader, Jabłonowski participated in the War with Sweden during The Deluge, then with the Cossacks and Muscovy. He took part in the Chocim campaign of 1673 and participated in the Vienna expedition of 1683. He led the right wing of Polish cavalry forces at the Battle of Vienna. He also stopped the Tatars at Lwów in 1695. In 1692 Jabłonowski built the stronghold and the neighbouring town of Okopy Świętej Trójcy. During the Royal election of 1697, he supported Augustus II, later in opposition to the King. In 169 ...
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Marie Casimire Louise De La Grange D'Arquien
Marie Casimire Louise de La Grange d'Arquien (, ; 28 June 1641 – 30 January 1716), known also by the diminutive form "Marysieńka", was a French noblewoman who became the queen consort of Poland and grand duchess consort of Lithuania from 1674 to 1696 by her marriage to King and Grand Duke John III Sobieski of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth. She had great influence upon the affairs of state with the approval of her spouse, and acted in effect as regent during his absence. Early life Marie Casimire and her sister Louise Marie were the only surviving children of Henri de la Grange, Marquis d'Arquien and his first wife, Francoise de la Chastre (1613-1648). She came to Poland at the age of five years as a lady in waiting to Marie Louise Gonzaga, the French-born Queen of Poland and Grand Duchess of Lithuania from 1645 to 1672, wife and consort to two Polish kings and Lithuanian grand dukes — Władysław IV Vasa and later his brother (who succeeded him) John II Casimir V ...
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Aleksander Paweł Sapieha
Aleksander Paweł Sapieha (8 September 1672 - Vilnius, 4 January 1734), was a Polish-Lithuanian Prince of the Sapieha family, Marshal of the Court of Lithuania (1692) and Grand Marshal of Lithuania (1699). Biography Aleksander Paweł Sapieha was the son of Kazimierz Jan Sapieha and Krystyna Barbara Hlebowicz. He studied at the Collegium Hosianum in Braniewo and then travelled in Europe. He returned to Poland at the end of 1689. In 1691 he married Maria Christina de Béthune, a niece of Polish Queen Marie Casimire Sobieska. He and his wife had three sons and one daughter Ludvika Maria, who married Antoni Michał Potocki. Anna Jabłonowska and Aleksander Michał Sapieha were his grandchildren. In 1692, he took part in the Moldovan expedition of John III Sobieski and received the title of Marshal of the Court of Lithuania. He participated in the life of the court all the time, being with the dying king until the end. During the election of a new King in 1697, he supported the ...
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Branicki (Korczak)
200px, Korczak coat of arms of the Branicki family The House of Branicki (plural: Braniccy) was a Polish aristocratic family. The family acquired influence in the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth in the 18th century. History Not much is known about the Branicki family before the 16th century. Their progenitor was named Paweł, and two of his sons, Jan and , were part of the Gniezno chapter. According to , the ancestral seat of the Branicki family was most likely located in Branica in the Lublin region, while Teodor Żychliński writes that they took their surname from Brańcza in the Bełz land, which, as he claims, belonged to them in the 15th century. Another possibility is that they originated in Siemień in the Łuków land, as suggested by . concludes that Boniecki was "closest to the truth", citing 16th-century noble court records made in connection with the settlement of property rights to Branica and Zbylutów, in which some members of the family are mentioned. Acco ...
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Wielopolski Family
The House of Wielopolski (plural: Wielopolscy, feminine form: Wielopolska) was a Polish noble family (''szlachta''), magnates in the 17th and 18th centuries. History The Wielopolski family is said to originate in the 17th century with the founder of the dynasty being Kasper Wielopolski whose son Jan Wielopolski the elder, Jan Wielopolski 'the elder' acquired the title of Imperial Count, Count of the Holy Roman Empire in 1656 by the charter of Emperor Ferdinand III, Holy Roman Emperor, Ferdinand III. Quite notably Jan Wielopolski a member of the Wielopolski family held the position of Chancellor of Poland, Grand Chancellor of the Crown from the year 1678 to his death in 1688. In 1729 the Wielopolskis inherited the title of Marquis from the Myszkowski family, Myszkowski family who originally received it through the adoption of Zygmunt Myszkowski into the House of Gonzaga, Gonzaga family. In the 19th century during the years of Congress Poland, Russian rule over Poland the W ...
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Lubomirski
The House of Lubomirski is a Princely Houses of Poland, Polish princely family. The Lubomirski family's coat of arms is the Drużyna coat of arms, which is similar to the Szreniawa coat of arms but without a cross. Origin and the coat of arms The Lubomirski family have been actors in the history of Poland since the 10th century. There are two theories regarding the family's origin. One, by Adam Boniecki, a Polish heraldist, assumes that there were two branches of the family. One settled at the Szreniawa River in Proszowice County while the other established itself in Szczyrzyc County. The time of this division of the family is not known, but most likely it was before the adoption of Religion in Poland, Christianity by Poland. The Szreniawici family used a similar coat of arms, which means that the two families had the same ancestry. At the time of Mieszko I of Poland, Mieszko I, the members of the Lubomirski family demonstrated bravery in battle against paganism, pagans ...
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Karol Stanisław Radziwiłł (1669–1719)
Prince Karol Stanisław Radziwiłł () (27 November 1669–2 August 1719) was a Polish-Lithuanian nobleman and diplomat. Ordynat of Nieśwież, Stolnik of Lithuania in 1685, Equerry of Lithuania in 1686, Deputy Chancellor of Lithuania in 1690, Grand Chancellor of Lithuania in 1698, Bailiff of Vilnius. He married Anna Katarzyna Sanguszko on March 6, 1691 in Vilnius Vilnius ( , ) is the capital of and List of cities in Lithuania#Cities, largest city in Lithuania and the List of cities in the Baltic states by population, most-populous city in the Baltic states. The city's estimated January 2025 population w .... He was awarded the Order of the White Eagle. References Secular senators of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth 1669 births 1719 deaths Karol Stanislaw Grand chancellors of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania {{Lithuania-noble-stub ...
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Ludwika Karolina Radziwiłł
Princess Ludwika Karolina Radziwiłł (; 27 February 1667 – 25 March 1695) was a magnate Princess of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania in the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth and an active reformer. Life Ludwika Karolina Radziwiłł was born in Königsberg in the Duchy of Prussia. A member of the Radziwiłł family, she was the last agnatic-line member of the most prominent Calvinists of Lithuania, and a descendant of the Gediminids and Jagiellons. Radziwiłł inherited Dubingiai, Slutsk and many other lands from her father Prince Bogusław Radziwiłł. Her mother was an heiress in her own right and brought much wealth including the duchies of Kėdainiai and Biržai. Ludwika Karolina Radziwiłł's death in Brieg in 1695 marks the end of the Biržai-Dubingiai Radziwiłł family line. She was the last Radziwiłł to own Biržai Castle and Dubingiai Castle with their lands. Her father, Prince Bogusław Radziwiłł was the son of Janusz Radziwill (1579–1620) and Elisabet ...
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Sejmik
A sejmik (, diminutive of ''sejm'', occasionally translated as a ''dietine''; ) was one of various local parliaments in the history of Poland and history of Lithuania. The first sejmiks were regional assemblies in the Kingdom of Poland (before 1572), though they gained significantly more influence in the later era of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth (18th century). Sejmiks arose around the late 14th and early 15th centuries and existed until the end of the Commonwealth in 1795, following the partitions of the Commonwealth. In a limited form, some sejmiks existed in partitioned Poland (1795–1918), and later in the Second Polish Republic (1918–1939). In modern Poland, since 1999, the term has revived with the ''voivodeship sejmiks'' (''sejmiki województwa''), referring to the elected councils of each of the 16 voivodeships. The competencies of sejmiks varied over time, and there were also geographical differences. Often, numerous different types of sejmiks coexisted in ...
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