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List Of Hungarian Monarchs
This is a list of Hungarian monarchs; it includes the Grand Prince of the Hungarians, grand princes (895–1000) and the King of Hungary, kings and ruling queens of Hungary (1000–1918). The Principality of Hungary, Hungarian Grand Principality was established around 895, following the 9th-century Hungarian conquest of the Carpathian Basin. The Kingdom of Hungary existed from 1000–1001 with the coronation of King Saint Stephen. The Árpád dynasty, the male-line descendants of Grand Prince Árpád, ruled Hungary continuously from 895 to 1301. Christianity was adopted as the state religion for the Kingdom of Hungary by King Stephen I of Hungary, Saint Stephen and the kings of the Árpád dynasty used the title of the Apostolic Majesty, apostolic king. The descendants of the dynasty gave the world the highest number of saints and blesseds from one family. Therefore, since the 13th century the dynasty has often been referred to as the "Kindred of the Holy Kings". The Árpád dynast ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Grand Prince Of The Hungarians
Grand Prince () was the title used by contemporary sources to name the leader of the federation of the Hungarian tribes in the tenth century.Constantine VII mentioned Árpád in his book De Administrando Imperio as ', while Bruno of Querfurt referred to Géza in his ''Sancti Adalberti Pragensis episcopi et martyris vita altera'' as '. The grand prince (') was probably elected by the leaders of the federation of the seven Hungarian tribes and the three Kabar tribes (dissident Khazar tribes) that joined the Hungarians before 830. However, the first grand prince, Álmos, father of Árpád, was more likely appointed by the khagan of the Khazars. It is still under discussion whether the grand prince was the spiritual leader of the federation ('), the military commander of the Hungarian tribes (') or the title was a new creation. When the Hungarians were pushed out of ' and moved to the Carpathian Basin ('), the grand prince's power seemed to be decreasing. By the time of Gé ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Holy Crown Of Hungary
The Holy Crown of Hungary ( , ), also known as the Crown of Saint Stephen, named in honour of Saint Stephen I of Hungary, was the coronation crown used by the Kingdom of Hungary for most of its existence; kings were crowned with it since the twelfth century. The Crown symbolized the King's authority over the Lands of the Hungarian Crown (the Pannonian Basin, Carpathian Basin), and it was a key mark of Legitimacy (political), legitimacy. Through the history of Hungary, more than fifty kings were Coronation of the Hungarian monarch, crowned with it, with the last being Charles I of Austria, Charles IV in 1916. The only kings not crowned were Władysław III of Poland, Wladyslaw I, John Sigismund Zápolya, and Joseph II, Holy Roman Emperor, Joseph II. The enamels on the crown are mainly or entirely Byzantine Empire, Byzantine work, presumed to have been made in Constantinople in the 1070s. The crown was presented by the Byzantine Emperor Michael VII Doukas to the King Géza I of H ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kaplon (chieftain)
Kaplon (or ''Cupan'') was a Hungarian tribal chieftain, the second son of Kond, who was one of the seven chieftains of the Magyars according to Anonymus, author of the ''Gesta Hungarorum''. It is possible that Kurszán, who was killed in 904, was his elder brother. After the Hungarian conquest of the Carpathian Basin (895 or 896–''c.'' 907), the brothers Kücsid and Kaplon settled in the Nyírség, northeastern part of the Great Hungarian Plain and founded a monastery in Kaplony (today: ''Căpleni, Romania''), near the Ecsed Marsh. Chieftain Kaplon was the ancestor of the ''gens'' (or clan) Kaplon. The Károlyi The House of Károlyi is the name of an old and prominent Hungarian nobility, Hungarian noble family, whose members held the title of Count in Kingdom of Hungary, Hungary, awarded to them on 5 April 1712 by Charles VI, Holy Roman Emperor. They clai ... (which still exists), Bagossy, Csomaközy, Vadai and Vetési families were also originate from that genus. Source ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kond (chieftain)
Kond (''Könd, Künd, Kund, Kend, Kende'' or ''Kurszán'') was – according to chronicler Anonymus – one of the seven chieftains of the Magyars (Hungarians), who led the Hungarians to the Carpathian Basin in 895. Probably he was the father of Kurszán Kurszán or Kusál (died 904), was a Hungarian (Magyar) chieftain at the turn of the 9th and 10th centuries, who had a crucial role in the Hungarian conquest of the Carpathian Basin. He was '' kende'' of the Magyars in the dual leadership with Á .... His second son, Kaplon was the founder of the kindred of Kaplon. References Magyar tribal chieftains 9th-century Hungarian people {{Hungary-bio-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kurszán
Kurszán or Kusál (died 904), was a Hungarian (Magyar) chieftain at the turn of the 9th and 10th centuries, who had a crucial role in the Hungarian conquest of the Carpathian Basin. He was '' kende'' of the Magyars in the dual leadership with Árpád serving as a '' gyula'' - according to a mainstream theory. While ''kende'' probably corresponded roughly to the Khazar title ''khagan'', Kurszán's role equated to the Khazar military title '' bek''. In Latin sources he was referred to as '' rex'' and some scholars say he had a political status as a sacred king until he was massacred in a political plot of Western rulers and was temporarily succeeded by Árpád. There is also arguments that Kurszán, who appears as an active actor in Western and Byzantine sources, rather held the dignity of ''gyula'', while Álmos then Árpád served as ''kende'', the "sacred king". The name of Kurszán According to some historians, such as Gyula Kristó, it is wrong to call the conquering princ ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Emese
Emese (fl. 9th century CE) was the daughter of Duke Eunedubelianus () of Dentumoger, the consort of the noblest Scythian (i.e. from Dentumoger, Scythia) prince Ügyek, and the mother of High Prince Álmos in Hungarian historical mythology; thus, she was the ancestress of the Hungarian royal house of Árpád, the dynasty which founded the Hungarian Kingdom. Due to a lack of reliable source material, it is difficult to separate the legends concerning Emese from her actual role as an historical person. According to tradition, she is the mother of the Magyar royal dynasty, which sprang from one of the seven original Magyar tribes. Hence, she has been credited as "the mother of all ethnic Hungarians". Emese in legend Emese's Dream, the legend concerning the conception of Prince Álmos, is one of the earliest known tales from Hungarian history. The legend can be tentatively dated to around 860-870, and with certainty to between 820 and 997 (the birth of Álmos and the accepta ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ügyek
Ügyek (second half of the 8th century – first half of the 9th century), also known as Ugek or Ugec (also styled Vgec), was – according to the chronicler Anonymus (notary of Béla III), Anonymus (or "Master P.") – the father of Álmos, the first Grand Prince of the Hungarians. However, according to a conflicting source, Simon of Kéza (writing about five to eight decades later), Előd was the father of Álmos, while the chronicler referred to Ügyek as Álmos's grandfather. He is the earliest known ancestor of the Árpád dynasty. He was said to be a Scythian, i.e. to be from Dentumoger, the homeland of the Magyars, which the chroniclers identify with Scythia, and use to refer both to the land and its inhabitants. Life Ügyek was born in the last third of the 8th century. Anonymus writes that Ügyek married Emese, a daughter of "Prince Eunedubelianus" in 819. She had seen a divine dream of a Turul bird before Álmos's birth in c. 820, according to the chronicles. The Turul' ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Gyula (title)
''Gyula'' (Yula, Gula, Gila) was, according to Muslim and Byzantine sources, the title of one of the leaders, the second in rank, of the Magyar tribes, Hungarian tribal federation in the 9th–10th centuries. In the earliest Hungarian sources, the title name is only recorded as a personal name (''Gyyla'', ''Geula'', ''Gyla'', ''Iula''). According to the Hungarian chronicles, Transylvania was ruled by a line of princes called Gyula, and their country was occupied by King Stephen I of Hungary (1000/1001–1038). Etymology The etymology of the word is disputed. It is traditionally considered of Turkic languages, Turkic origin, however other etymological explanations have recently been proposed. According to Lóránd Benkő, the word originates from Old Turkic, where it can be found as a personal- (Altaic languages, altaic: ''Kaltanjula''), genus- (Bulgar language, Bulgar: Дуло - Dulo) and tribal (Pechenegs, Pecheneg: ''Yula'', Bashkirs, Bashkir: ''Yulaman)'' name. It was transfe ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kende
The ''kende'' (or ''kündü'') was one of the kings of the dual-monarchy of the early Hungarians along with the ''Gyula (title), gyula'' or war-chief. The function of the ''kende'' is believed to have been a religious one ("sacral prince").Victor SpineiThe Great Migrations in the East and South East of Europe from the Ninth to the Thirteenth Century: Hungarians, Pechenegs and Uzes Hakkert, 2006, p. 42Kevin Alan BrookThe Jews of Khazaria Rowman & Littlefield, 2009, p. 253 At the time of the Magyar migration to Pannonia (Roman province), Pannonia, the ''kende'' was named Kurszán. Upon Kurszán's death in a raid in approximately 904 CE, the office was taken up by the ''gyula'' Árpád, creating a single-head monarchy for Hungary. Though there are some scholars (for example Gyula Kristó) who believe that Árpád was the ''kende'', who later took up the functions of the ''gyula''. Some scholars have speculated that the early Magyar dual kingship derived from their time as vassals of ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Álmos
Álmos (), also Almos or Almus ( 820 – 895), was—according to the uniform account of Hungarian chronicles—the first head of the "loose federation" of the Hungarian tribes from around 850. Whether he was the Sacred king, sacred ruler (''kende'') of the Hungarians or their military leader ''(Gyula (title), gyula)'' is subject to scholarly debate. According to Constantine Porphyrogenitus, he accepted the Khazar Khaganate, Khazar khagan's suzerainty in the first decade of his reign, but the Hungarians acted independently of the Khazars from around 860. The 14th-century ''Illuminated Chronicle'' narrates that he was murdered in Transylvania at the beginning of the Hungarian conquest of the Carpathian Basin around 895. Ancestry Anonymus (notary of Béla III), An anonymous notary during the reign of Béla III, author of the ''Gesta Hungarorum'' — who wrote his "historical romance" around 1200 or 1210 — stated that Álmos descended "from the line"''Anonymus, Notary of King ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
