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List Of English-based Pidgins
Pidgin English is a non-specific name used to refer to any of the many pidgin languages derived from English language, English. Pidgins that are spoken as first languages become creole language, creoles. English-based pidgins that became stable contact languages, and which have some documentation, include the following: *Aboriginal Pidgin English *Native American Pidgin English *Cameroonian Pidgin English *Chinese Pidgin English *Butler English (India) *Ghanaian Pidgin English *Hawaiian Pidgin English *Japanese Bamboo English *Japanese Pidgin English *Korean Bamboo English *Kru Pidgin English *Liberian Interior Pidgin English *Micronesian Pidgin English *Nauru Chinese Pidgin English, Nauru Pidgin English *New Zealand Pidgin English *Nigerian Pidgin *Tok Pisin, Papua New Guinea Pidgin *Papuan Pidgin English (distinct from Tok Pisin) *Port Jackson Pidgin English (ancestral to Australian Kriol) *Queensland Kanaka English *Samoan Plantation Pidgin *Solomon Islands Pijin *Spanglish/In ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pidgin
A pidgin , or pidgin language, is a grammatically simplified form of contact language that develops between two or more groups of people that do not have a language in common: typically, its vocabulary and grammar are limited and often drawn from several languages. It is most commonly employed in situations such as trade, or where both groups speak languages different from the language of the country in which they reside (but where there is no common language between the groups). Fundamentally, a pidgin is a simplified means of linguistic communication, as it is constructed impromptu, or by convention, between individuals or groups of people. A pidgin is not the native language of any speech community, but is instead learned as a second language. A pidgin may be built from words, sounds, or body language from a multitude of languages as well as onomatopoeia. As the lexicon of any pidgin will be limited to core vocabulary, words with only a specific meaning in the lexifier l ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Nauru Chinese Pidgin English
Nauruan Pidgin English is an English-based pidgin spoken in Nauru. It appears to be the result of a merger of Chinese-type and Melanesian-type pidgins (see Micronesian Pidgin English Micronesian Pidgin is an English-based pidgin language spoken in nineteenth-century Micronesia. It may have been related to Melanesian Pidgin English, due to prolonged language contact via migrant workers from Melanesia, shared lexicon and simi ...). The language has also started to be superseded by English and currently has around 1,000-9,999 remaining speakers in 2007. References Sources * English-based pidgins and creoles Languages of Nauru {{pidgincreole-lang-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tinglish
Tinglish (or Thaiglish, Thenglish, Thailish, Thainglish, etc.) refers to any form of English mixed with or heavily influenced by Thai. It is typically produced by native Thai speakers due to language interference from the first language. Differences from standard native English occur in pronunciation, vocabulary, and grammar.Lambert, James. 2018. A multitude of ‘lishes’: The nomenclature of hybridity. ''English World-wide'', 39(1): 1-33. DOI: 10.1075/eww.38.3.04lam The term was coined in 1970, and several alternative terms have been proposed since its inception, such as ''Thainglish'' (1973), ''Thaiglish'' (1992), ''Tinglish'' (1994), ''Thinglish'' (1976), ''Thenglish'' (2003), and ''Tenglish'' (2012). Characteristics and examples Characteristics and examples ( direct translation) include : * omission of pronouns * zero copula * use of present tense + ''already'', in contrast to past tense of Standard English (but similar to the recent past tense in Irish English) * no ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Solombala-English
Solombala-English, or Solombala English–Russian Pidgin, () is a little-known pidgin, derived from both English and Russian, that was spoken in the port of Solombala in the city of Arkhangelsk (Archangel), Russia in the 18th and 19th centuries. According to , the pidgin may have started forming as early as the 17th century. The known Solombala-English corpus consists of only two short 19th-century texts: one in (Essays from Arkhangelsk Governorate) by Vasilij Vereščagin from 1849, and one in (Arkhangelsk Governorate News) from 1867. Mentions of the pidgin are also found in the works of Mikhail Prishvin (early 20th century). A possible connection is noted between Solombala English and Russennorsk (a Russian-Norwegian pidgin used in trade between Russian Pomors and Norwegians in the 19th and early 20th centuries). In particular, both pidgins use the suffix -(o)mъ as a verb marker, which may also reflect the influence of Finno-Ugric languages Finno-Ugric () is a traditio ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Llanito
Llanito or Yanito () is a form of Andalusian Spanish heavily laced with words from English and other languages, such as Ligurian; it is spoken in the British overseas territory of Gibraltar. It is commonly marked by a great deal of code switching between Andalusian Spanish and British English and by the use of Anglicisms and loanwords from other Mediterranean languages and dialects. Llanito has been described as "Gibraltar's dying mother-tongue". The English language is becoming increasingly dominant in Gibraltar, with the younger generation speaking little or no Llanito despite learning Spanish in school. ''Llanito'' is a Spanish word meaning "little plain". Gibraltarians also call themselves ''Llanitos''. Etymology The etymology of the term is uncertain, and there are a number of theories about its origin. In Spanish, means "little flatland" and one interpretation is that it refers to the "people of the flatlands". It is thought that the inhabitants of La Línea wi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Spanglish
Spanglish (a blend of the words "Spanish" and "English") is any language variety (such as a contact dialect, hybrid language, pidgin, or creole language) that results from conversationally combining Spanish and English. The term is mostly used in the United States and in Puerto Rico. It refers to a blend of the words and grammar of Spanish and English. More narrowly, Spanglish can specifically mean a variety of Spanish with heavy use of English loanwords. Since Spanglish may arise independently in different regions with varying degrees of bilingualism, it reflects the locally spoken varieties of English and Spanish. Different forms of Spanglish are not necessarily mutually intelligible. The term ''Spanglish'' was first recorded in 1933. It corresponds to the Spanish terms Espanglish (from ''Español'' + ''English'', introduced by the Puerto Rican poet Salvador Tió in the late 1940s), ''Ingléspañol'' (from ''Inglés'' + ''Español''), and ''Inglañol'' (''Inglés'' + ' ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Solomon Islands Pijin
Pijin (Solomon Islands Pidgin) is a language spoken in Solomon Islands. It is closely related to Tok Pisin of Papua New Guinea and Bislama of Vanuatu; the three varieties are sometimes considered to be dialects of a single Melanesian Pidgin language. It is also related to Torres Strait Creole of Torres Strait, though more distantly. In 1999 there were 307,000 second- or third-language speakers with a literacy rate in first language of 60%, a literacy rate in second language of 50%. History 1800–1860 During the early nineteenth century, an English jargon, known as Beach-la-Mar, developed and spread through the Western Pacific as a language used among traders (lingua franca) associated with the whaling industry at the end of the 18th century, the sandalwood trade of the 1830s, and the '' bêche-de-mer'' trade of the 1850s. 1860–1880 Between 1863 and 1906, blackbirding was used for the sugar cane plantation labour trade in Queensland, Samoa, Fiji and New Caledonia. At ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Samoan Plantation Pidgin
Samoan Plantation Pidgin is an extinct English-based pidgin language that was spoken by black plantation workers in Samoa. It is closely related to Tok Pisin, due to the large number of New Guinean laborers in Samoa. History The early History of SPP is poorly documented and the first surviving document with references to SPP is a newspaper article from 1889, though it references earlier texts from 1883. At this time the first plantation workers had already arrived from New Ireland and New Britain the pidgin had had time to form from the various jargons and broken english spoken previously. As time progressed the pidgin underwent significant changes due to the arrival of more laborers from across the South Pacific. Some time after 1975 SPP went extinct. Its extinction was due to the language failing to expand its usage beyond on and near plantations for workers and managers to communicate. As new immigrants arrived on Samoa instead of adopting SPP they adopted another langua ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Queensland Kanaka English
Queensland Kanaka English, Queensland Canefields English or Queensland Plantation Pidgin English is an English-based pidgin language that was spoken by Melanesian labourers in Queensland, Australia from the late 1860s. See also *Blackbirding *Kanakas Kanakas were workers (a mix of voluntary and Blackbirding, involuntary) from various Pacific Islands employed in British Empire, British colonies, such as British Columbia (Canada), Fiji, Solomon Islands, Vanuatu, Papua New Guinea, and Queen ... References Sources * * English-based pidgins and creoles of Australia Languages attested from the 1860s Culture of Queensland History of Queensland {{pidgincreole-lang-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Australian Kriol
Australian Kriol, also known as Roper River Kriol, Fitzroy Valley Kriol, Australian Creole, Northern Australian Creole or Aboriginal English, is an English-based creole language that developed from a pidgin used initially in the region of Sydney and Newcastle in New South Wales, Australia, in the early days of European colonization. Later, it was spoken by groups further west and north. The pidgin died out in most parts of the country, except in the Northern Territory, where the contact between European settlers, Chinese people and other Asian groups, and the Aboriginal Australians in the northern regions has maintained a vibrant use of the language, which is spoken by about 30,000 people. Despite its similarities to English in vocabulary, it has a distinct syntactic structure and grammar. It is a language in its own right and is distinct from Torres Strait Creole. History The first records of the progenitor to Kriol, a pidgin called Port Jackson Pidgin English (PJPE), are f ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Port Jackson Pidgin English
Port Jackson Pidgin English or New South Wales Pidgin English was an English-based pidgin that originated in the region of Sydney and Newcastle in New South Wales in the early days of colonisation. Stockmen carried it west and north as they expanded across Australia. It subsequently died out in most of the country, but was creolized forming Australian Kriol in the Northern Territory at the Roper River Mission in Ngukurr, where missionaries provided a safe place for Indigenous Australians from the surrounding areas to escape deprivation at the hands of European settlers. As the Aboriginal Australians who came to seek refuge at the Roper River Mission spoke different languages, there grew a need for a shared communication system to develop, and it was this that created the conditions for Port Jackson Pidgin English to become fleshed out into a full language, Kriol, based on the English language and the eight different Australian language groups spoken by those at the mission. H ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Papuan Pidgin English
Papuan Pidgin English was a 19th-century English-based pidgin of New Guinea. It was eventually replaced by Hiri Motu, a Melanesian-based pidgin, and was not ancestral to modern English-based Tok Pisin Tok Pisin ( ,Laurie Bauer, 2007, ''The Linguistics Student's Handbook'', Edinburgh ; ), often referred to by English speakers as New Guinea Pidgin or simply Pidgin, is an English-based creole languages, English creole language spoken throughou .... References * English-based pidgins and creoles {{pidgincreole-lang-stub Extinct languages of Papua New Guinea ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |