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List Of Members Of The Teşkilât-ı Mahsûsa
The Special Organization (Ottoman Empire), Special Organization, a secret paramilitary organization tied to the Committee of Union and Progress (CUP), the ruling party of the Ottoman Empire, included the following members according to an interview with its former leader Eşref Kuşçubaşı by U.S. Bureau of Intelligence and Research, INR officer Philip H. Stoddard: References {{reflist Special Organization (Ottoman Empire) Turkish spies Members of the Special Organization (Ottoman Empire), ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Special Organization (Ottoman Empire)
The Special Organization (, abbreviated TM) was an intelligence, paramilitary, and secret police organization in the Ottoman Empire known for its key role in the commission of the Armenian genocide. Originally organized under the Ministry of War, the organization was shifted to answer directly to the ruling party Committee of Union and Progress (CUP) in February 1915. Led by Bahaeddin Şakir and Nazım Bey and formed in early 1914 of tribesmen (especially Circassians and Kurds) as well as more than 10,000 convicted criminals—offered a chance to redeem themselves if they served the state—as a force independent of the regular army. Origins The exact date of establishment is unclear or disputed. According to some researchers, the organization might have been established by Enver Pasha, who placed Süleyman Askeri in charge of the organization on 17 November 1913. Its establishment date is rather vague since it was really a continuation of various smaller groups established ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
'Aziz 'Ali Al-Misri
Aziz Ali al-Misri (; ', known in Egypt as ', ''Abdelaziz Zakaria Ali''; 1879 – 15 June 1965) was an Egyptian Ottoman military officer of Circassian descent, and prominent political activist and member of the CUP. During the Second Mashrutiya period, and despite himself not being ethnically Arab, he co-founded and led a number of nationalist Arab societies such as al-Qahtaniyya and al-‘Ahd. After falling out with the CUP, he was arrested in February 1914 and sentenced to death by an Ottoman military court, but British pressure led to his release and pardon by the Sultan, and was subsequently exiled to Egypt. T. E. Lawrence brought him to Hejaz to participate in the Arab Revolt, and praised him as "''the most striking and remarkable of the whole Arab movement''" and "''quick and impetuous, yet self-restrained and self-confident,''" and praised his bravery and leadership abilities. Early life and background Al-Misri (or al-Masri) was born in Cairo to an Egyptian-Circassian fa ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Aram Yerganian
Aram Yerganian (; 20 May 1900 – 2 August 1934) was an Armenian revolutionary who was noted for his assassination of Behaeddin Sakir and Fatali Khan Khoyski as an act of vengeance for their roles in the Armenian genocide and the massacre of Armenians in Baku respectively. He is considered an Armenian national hero. Early life Aram Yerganian was born in Erzurum on 20 May 1900. He was the third child of Sarkis Yerganian and Mariam Soghoyan-Yerganian. He attended a local school in Erzurum. Yerganian, who witnessed the Armenian genocide, sought refuge in the Caucasus. In 1917 he enlisted for the Armenian volunteer detachments and fought for General Dro in the Battle of Bash Abaran. After the victory over the Ottoman forces and the establishment of the Democratic Republic of Armenia in 1918, Yerganian enlisted in Operation Nemesis, the covert operation led by a special body of the Armenian Revolutionary Federation aimed at assassinating all key organizers of massacres against ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Behaeddin Shakir
Baha al-Din or Bahaa ad-Din (), or various variants like Bahauddin, Baha eddine or (in Turkish) Bahattin, may refer to: bhs Surname * A. K. M. Bahauddin (born 1954), Bangladeshi politician and the Member of Parliament from Comilla * Salaheddine Bahaaeddin (born 1950), Kurdish Iraqi politician Middle name * AFM Bahauddin Nasim (born 1961), Bangladeshi politician and former Member of Parliament from Madaripur Given name * Bahaedin Adab (1945–2007), Iranian Kurdish politician and engineer * Bahauddin Baha (born 1941), contemporary Afghan judge * Bahauddin Dagar (born 1970), Indian musician * Mufti Baha-ud-din Farooqi (1927–2014), contemporary Indian judge * Bahaddin Gaziyev (born 1965), Azerbaijani journalist *Rafic Hariri, full name: Rafic Baha El Deen Al-Hariri (1944–2005), Lebanese businessman and politician * Bahaa el-Din Ahmed Hussein el-Akkad (born 1949), Egyptian former Muslim sheikh who converted to Christianity * Qawwal Bahauddin Khan (1934–2006), Pakistani musicia ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Armenian Genocide
The Armenian genocide was the systematic destruction of the Armenians, Armenian people and identity in the Ottoman Empire during World War I. Spearheaded by the ruling Committee of Union and Progress (CUP), it was implemented primarily through the mass murder of around one million Armenians during death marches to the Syrian Desert and the Forced conversion, forced Islamization of others, primarily women and children. Before World War I, Armenians occupied a somewhat protected, but subordinate, place in Ottoman society. Large-scale massacres of Armenians had occurred Hamidian massacres, in the 1890s and Adana massacre, 1909. The Ottoman Empire suffered a series of military defeats and territorial losses—especially during the 1912–1913 Balkan Wars—leading to fear among CUP leaders that the Armenians would seek independence. During their invasion of Caucasus campaign, Russian and Persian campaign (World War I), Persian territory in 1914, Special Organization (Ottoman ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cherkes Ahmet
Cherkes Ahmet (died September 6, 1915) was the leader of the Ottoman Empire's state-sponsored paramilitary marauders of supposedly Circassian origin during World War I. Cherkes Ahmet was from Serres, Macedonia. He was notoriously responsible for the murder of the well-known Armenian writer, literary critic and politician Krikor Zohrab and politician Vartkes Serengülian during the Armenian genocide. Ahmet supported the Committee of Union and Progress during the coup d'état of January 1913 following which he became a leading member of the Special Organization in Van, where he was given the responsibility of subduing the Armenian population by Cevdet Bey, the Governor of Van at the time. Ahmet, along with fellow murderers Halil and Nazim, were tried and executed in Damascus by Djemal Pasha in September 1915. The assassinations became the subject of a 1916 investigation by the Ottoman Parliament led by Artin Boshgezenian, the deputy for Aleppo. While Ahmet was officially execute ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mithat Şükrü Bleda
Mithat Şükrü Bleda (1874 – 19 February 1956) was a Turkish politician, who was a founding member of the Committee of Union and Progress (CUP), which he also served as its party secretary. Biography Midhat Şükrü was born in Selanik (''Thesalonika''). After graduating from the civil service academy (''Mülkiye''), he took part in the founding of the Committee of Union and Progress. He served as its general secretary between 1911- 1917. He was also a deputy in the Ottoman parliament, representing Serres, Drama, and Burdur in 1908, 1912, and 1914 respectively. Between 1935 - 1950 he represented Sivas in the Grand National Assembly. He died in Istanbul in 1956, and was buried in the Monument of Liberty upon his will. His memoirs were published under the title of ''Bir İmparatorluğun Çöküşü'' (The Collapse of an Empire), which constitute an important source of the Second Constitutional Era The Second Constitutional Era (; ) was the period of restored parliamentar ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Yakub Cemil
Yakub Cemil (; 1883–1916) was an Ottoman revolutionary and soldier who assassinated Nazım Pasha during the 1913 Ottoman coup d'état. During the Caucasus campaign, troops under the command of Yakub Cemil carried out some of the first major massacres of Armenians following the defeat of the Ottoman Army in several battles against the Russians such as the Battle of Sarikamish The Battle of Sarikamish was an engagement between the Russian Empire, Russian and Ottoman Empire, Ottoman empires during World War I. It took place from December 22, 1914, to January 17, 1915, as part of the Caucasus campaign. The battle resul .... In 1916, he was arrested, sentenced to death, and executed after attempting to overthrow the government. References Sources * {{DEFAULTSORT:Cemil, Yakub 1883 births 1916 deaths 20th-century executions by the Ottoman Empire Armenian genocide perpetrators Military personnel from Istanbul Revolutionaries from the Ottoman Empire Turkish nationali ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Refik Saydam
İbrahim Refik Saydam (8 September 1881 – 8 July 1942) was a Turkish people, Turkish physician, politician and the fourth Prime Minister of Turkey, serving from 25 January 1939 until his death on 8 July 1942. All about Turkey Biography Saydam was born in Istanbul in 1881 as the son of Hacı Ahmet Efendi of Çankırı. After completing primary and secondary education in Fatih Military Junior High School, he entered to Military School of Medicine in 1899. He went on a training course at Gülhane as of graduating with the rank of doctor captain on 4 November 1905. He was assigned as a doctor at Maltepe Military Hospital and Feshane Factory between the years 1907-1910 and improved his expertise in military camps and hospitals by being sent to Germany in 1910. He ...[...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Nuri Conker
Mehmet Nuri Conker (September 20, 1882 – January 11, 1937) was a Turkish politician and an officer of the Ottoman Army and the Turkish Army. Mehmet Nuri Conker was the oldest childhood and lifelong friend of Mustafa Kemal (Atatürk). Mehmet Nuri Conker was a graduate of the War Academy of the Ottoman Empire (Harp Akademisi). He retired as a Colonel (Kurmay Albay). Mehmet Nuri Conker married Nedime Hanim (1890?-1969) and they had four children: Orhan Conker (1910-1975); Mahmut Cahit Conker (1912-1964); Ali Necip Conker (1914-1973); Kiymet Tesal Conker (1916-1988). His sister Dürriye Hanım married Salih Bozok. According to Philip Hendrick Stoddard, he was a brother-in-law of Süleyman Askerî Bey.''The Ottoman Government and the Arabs, 1911 to 1918: A Preliminary Study of the Teskilât-ı Mahsusa'', Princeton University, 1963, p. 175. Mehmet Nuri Conker fought on numerous fronts: Libya, Manastir, the Dardanelles, the Eastern front, in Syria and in the Turkish War of Indepen ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Italo-Turkish War
The Italo-Turkish (, "Tripolitanian War", , "War of Libya"), also known as the Turco-Italian War, was fought between the Kingdom of Italy and the Ottoman Empire from 29 September 1911 to 18 October 1912. As a result of this conflict, Italy captured the Ottoman Ottoman Tripolitania, Tripolitania Vilayet, of which the main Sanjak, sub-provinces were Fezzan, Cyrenaica, and Tripoli, Libya, Tripoli itself. These territories became the colonies of Italian Tripolitania and Italian Cyrenaica, Cyrenaica, which would later merge into Italian Libya. During the conflict, Italian forces also occupied the Dodecanese islands in the Aegean Sea. Italy agreed to return the Dodecanese to the Ottoman Empire in the #Treaty of Ouchy, Treaty of Ouchy in 1912. However, the vagueness of the text, combined with subsequent adverse events unfavourable to the Ottoman Empire (the outbreak of the Balkan Wars and World War I), allowed a provisional Italian administration of the islands, and Turkey eventually ren ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mustafa Kemal Atatürk
Mustafa Kemal Atatürk ( 1881 – 10 November 1938) was a Turkish field marshal and revolutionary statesman who was the founding father of the Republic of Turkey, serving as its first President of Turkey, president from 1923 until Death and state funeral of Mustafa Kemal Atatürk, his death in 1938. He undertook sweeping Atatürk's reforms, reforms, which modernized Turkey into a secularism in Turkey, secular, industrializing nation. Ideologically a Secularism, secularist and Turkish nationalism, nationalist, Atatürk's reforms, his policies and socio-political theories became known as Kemalism. He came to prominence for his role in securing the Ottoman victory at the Battle of Gallipoli (1915) during World War I. Although not directly involved in the Armenian genocide, his government would later grant immunity to remaining perpetrators. Following the defeat of the Ottoman Empire after World War I, he led the Turkish National Movement, which resisted the Empire's partition ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
