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List Of Massacres In Nigeria
The following is a list of massacres that have occurred in Nigeria: Lists of massacres ''Note: below categories may be imprecise and somewhat overlap. Reports sometimes misattribute motivation as well as the attacks possibly having mixed/multiple motivations. For example, a communal conflict between herders and farmers may appear motivated by religion and thus be categorized as "religious massacre" because of the religion of the involved parties.'' Political and religious motivated massacres See also: Religious violence in Nigeria See also: 1980_Kano_riot, Yan Tatsine and Kano riot Bandit attacks See also: Nigerian bandit conflict Herder-farmer conflicts and communal conflicts See also: Herder–farmer conflicts in Nigeria and Communal conflicts in Nigeria See also * Boko Haram insurgency * Timeline of the Boko Haram insurgency * Islamic extremism in Northern Nigeria Literature *,Religious violence in Nigeria: Causal diagnoses and strategic recommendations to th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Massacre
A massacre is an event of killing people who are not engaged in hostilities or are defenseless. It is generally used to describe a targeted killing of civilians Glossary of French words and expressions in English#En masse, en masse by an armed group or person. The word is a Loanword, loan of a French term for "butchery" or "carnage". Other terms with overlapping scope include war crime, pogrom, mass killing, mass murder, and extrajudicial killing. Etymology ''Massacre'' derives from late 16th century Middle French word ''macacre'' meaning "slaughterhouse" or "butchery". Further origins are dubious, though the word may be related to Latin ''macellum'' "provisions store, butcher shop". The Middle French word ''macecr'' "butchery, carnage" is first recorded in the late 11th century. Its primary use remained the context of animal slaughter (in hunting terminology referring to the head of a stag) well into the 18th century. The use of ''macecre'' "butchery" of the mass killing ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Vanguard (military Tactics)
The vanguard (sometimes abbreviated to van and also called the advance guard) is the leading part of an advancing military formation. It has a number of functions, including seeking out the enemy and securing ground in advance of the main force. In naval warfare the van is the advance ship, or fleet, that will make the initial engagement with an enemy fleet. History The vanguard derives from the traditional division of a medieval army into three battles or ''wards''; the Van, the Main (or Middle), and the Rear. The term originated from the medieval French ''avant-garde'', i.e. "the advance guard". The vanguard would lead the line of march and would deploy first on the field of battle, either in front of the other wards or to the right if they deployed in line. The makeup of the vanguard of a 15th century Burgundian army is a typical example. This consisted of: *A contingent of foreriders, from whom a forward detachment of scouts was drawn; *The main body of the vanguard, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Conflict In The Niger Delta
The current conflict in the Niger Delta first arose in the early 1990s over tensions between foreign oil corporations and a number of the Niger Delta's minority ethnic groups who feel they are being exploited, particularly the Ogoni and the Ijaw. Ethnic and political unrest continued throughout the 1990s despite the return to democracy and the election of the Obasanjo government in 1999. Struggle for oil wealth and environmental harm over its impacts has fueled violence between ethnic groups, causing the militarization of nearly the entire region by ethnic militia groups, Nigerian military and police forces, notably the Nigerian Mobile Police. The violence has contributed to Nigeria's ongoing energy supply crisis by discouraging foreign investment in new power generation plants in the region. From 2004 on, violence also hit the oil industry with piracy and kidnappings. In 2009, a presidential amnesty program accompanied with support and training of ex-militants proved to b ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bayelsa State
Bayelsa is a state in the South South region of Nigeria, located in the core of the Niger Delta. Bayelsa State was created in 1996 and was carved out from Rivers State, making it one of the newest states in the federation. The capital, Yenagoa, is susceptible to high risk of annual flooding. It shares a boundary with Rivers State to the east and Delta State to the north across the Niger River for 17km and the Forçados River for 198km, with the waters of the Atlantic Ocean dominating its southern borders. It has a total area of . The state comprises eight local government areas: Ekeremor, Kolokuma/Opokuma, Yenagoa, Nembe, Ogbia, Sagbama, Brass and Southern Ijaw. Bayelsa state is regarded as the least populous state in Nigeria with an estimated population of over 3,700,000 as at 2024. Being in the Niger Delta, Bayelsa State has a riverine and estuarine setting, with bodies of water within the state making the development of significant road infrastructure, quite dif ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pambazuka News
''Pambazuka News'' is an open access, Pan-African e-mail and online electronic newsletter. It is published weekly in English, Portuguese and French by the not-for-profit organisation Fahamu. The word ''Pambazuka'' means "dawn" or "arise" in Kiswahili. Since its inception in 2000, the newsletter's mission has been to provide a platform for social justice in Africa, for example, by promoting human rights for refugees. As characterized by Firoze Manji, "the project differed from other publishing ventures in the sense that it was established not only to publish, but specifically to support an agenda for social change in Africa." ''Pambazuka News'' provides commentary and analysis on politics and current affairs. The estimated readership is 500,000. ''Pambazuka News'' produces the ''AU Monitor'', a blog that provides information to civil society organizations in Africa about the proceeds of the African Union. It also produces podcasts. ''Pambazuka'' promoted the ratification of the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Human Rights Watch
Human Rights Watch (HRW) is an international non-governmental organization that conducts research and advocacy on human rights. Headquartered in New York City, the group investigates and reports on issues including War crime, war crimes, crimes against humanity, Child labour, child labor, torture, human trafficking, and Women's rights, women's and LGBTQ rights. It pressures governments, policymakers, companies, and individual abusers to respect human rights, and frequently works on behalf of refugees, children, migrants, and political prisoners. The organization was founded in 1978 as Helsinki Watch, whose purpose was to monitor the Soviet Union's compliance with the 1975 Helsinki Accords. Its separate global divisions merged into Human Rights Watch in 1988. The group publishes annual reports on about 100 countries with the goal of providing an overview of the worldwide state of human rights. In 1997, HRW shared the Nobel Peace Prize as a founding member of the International C ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Odi Massacre
The Odi massacre was an attack carried out on November 20, 1999, by the Nigerian Armed Forces against the predominantly Ijaw town of Odi in Bayelsa State. The attack came in the context of an ongoing conflict in the Niger Delta over indigenous rights to oil resources and environmental protection. It is estimated that over 900 civilians were killed in the attack. People generally say that the massacre was ordered by the regime of former president Olusegun Obasanjo and vice president Atiku Abubakar. The military has often defended its action saying it was ambushed on its way to Odi. As a result, tensions rose before entrance into the village. Massacre Before the massacre, twelve members of the Nigerian police were murdered by a gang near Odi, seven on November 4 and the remainder in the following days. In retaliation, the military decided to invade the village. There are reports that the army was ambushed close to the village thus tensions soared; they broke through the ambush an ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Rivers State
Rivers is a states of Nigeria, state in the Niger Delta region of southern Nigeria (Old Eastern Region). Formed on 27 May 1967, when it was split from the former Eastern Region, Nigeria, Eastern Region, Rivers State borders include Imo State, Imo and Anambra State, Anambra to the north, Abia State, Abia and Akwa Ibom State, Akwa Ibom to the east, and Bayelsa State, Bayelsa and Delta State, Delta to the west. The State capital, Port Harcourt, is a metropolis that is considered to be the commercial center of the Petroleum industry in Nigeria, Nigerian oil industry. With a population of 5,198,716 as of the 2006 census and an estimated population of 9,898,470 in 2024, Rivers State is the List of Nigerian states by population, 4th most populous state in Nigeria. Rivers State is a diverse state that is home to many ethnic groups including: Ikwerre people, Ikwerre, Degema, Nigeria, Degema, Ijaw people, Ijaw, Ogoni people, Ogoni, Ogba people, Ogba, Ekpeye, and Kalabari tribe, Kalabari. T ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Yan Tatsine
The Yan Tatsine was a militant Quranist movement founded by the controversial Nigerian leader Maitatsine that first appeared around the early 1970s. The group was responsible for the 1980 Kano riot, in which over 4,177 civilians, 100 policemen and about 35 military personnel were killed, including Maitatsine himself. Activity 1980 events The era of 1970-1980 witnessed the rise of Maitatsine, a Cameroonian who inspired thousands to rise up against the existing political and religious order in Nigeria. The group's mission under Maitatsine was the "purification" of Islam which, according to them, was corrupted by the West, and its modernization. As Maitatsine's support increased in the 1970s, so did the number of confrontations between Yan Tatsine and the police. By December 1980, continued Yan Tatsine attacks on other religious figures and police forced the Nigerian army to become involved. Subsequent armed clashes led to the deaths of around 5,000 people, including Maitatsin ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Maitatsine
Muhammad Marwa (died 1980), best known by his nickname Maitatsine, was a controversial Muslim preacher in Nigeria who founded the Yan Tatsine, a militant Quranist movement that first appeared around the early 1970s. ''Maitatsine'' is a Hausa word meaning "the one who damns" and refers to his curse-laden public speeches against the Nigerian state. He was responsible for the 1980 Kano riot, in which over 4,177 civilians, 100 policemen and about 35 military personnel were killed, including Maitatsine himself. Background He was originally from Marwa in northern Cameroon. After his education, he moved to Kano, Nigeria in about 1945, where he became known for his controversial preachings on the Qur'an. Maitatsine spoke against the use of radios, watches, bicycles, cars and the possession of more money than necessary. The British colonial authorities sent him into exile, but he returned to Kano shortly after independence. By 1972, he had a notable and increasingly militant fo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1980 Kano Riot
The Kano 1980 riot was a riot in Kano, Nigeria led by Maitatsine and his followers and the first major religious conflict in postcolonial Kano. Over 4,177 civilians, 100 policemen and about 35 military personnel were killed, including Maitatsine himself, and is generally regarded as marking the beginning of the Yan Tatsine insurgency. Because of this, there was widespread impression that Nigeria's security and economy was threatened by illegal aliens and this belief was fueled by the fact that other West African nationals had aided in armed robberies. Illegal immigrants where from Niger, Chad, Cameroon, Mali and Burkina Faso along with over 6,000 Nigerian Muslim fanatics killed over 100 policemen while injuring 100 policemen. The army was called and alleviated the situation before the fanatics could overrun the country. However, official sources state that illegal aliens did not cause the trouble. Aftermath When President Shehu Shagari called for all the foreigners to leave Ni ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bakolori Dam
The Bakolori Dam is in Sokoto State in northwest Nigeria. It was completed in 1978 and its reservoir filled by 1981. It is a major reservoir on the Sokoto River, a tributary of the Rima River, which in turn feeds the Niger River. Water from the dam supplies the Bakolori Irrigation Project. The dam has a capacity of 450 million cubic meters, with a reservoir covering 8,000 hectares extending upstream. Dam construction displaced many peasant farmers without providing alternative land or financial compensation. Many people died in protests over their loss of livelihood. The project has become known as a classic example of development failure. Background The Sokoto River runs through the semi-arid Sudan Savannah zone of northern Nigeria. Annual rainfall is unpredictable, ranging from 500 mm to 1,300 mm per year during the June–September period. Before construction of the dam, about 50,000 farmers in the Sokoto River floodplain practiced intensive recession farming ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
