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Lepista Caffrorum
''Lepista'' is a genus of mushroom-forming fungi. According to the ''Dictionary of the Fungi'' (10th edition, 2008), the widespread genus contains approximately 50 species. In 1969, Howard Bigelow and Alex H. Smith designated the group as subgenus of '' Clitocybe''. A genetic study conducted in 2015 revealed that the genera ''Collybia'' and ''Lepista'' were closely related to the core clade of ''Clitocybe.'' However, all three genera were found to be polyphyletic, with several members located in lineages distinct from other members within the same genus. Instead, they were more closely related to members of the other two genera. Alvarado and colleagues chose not to define the genera but presented various options and emphasized the necessity for a broader analysis. Selected species * '' Lepista caespitosa'' * '' Lepista glaucocana'' * '' Lepista sordida'' Former species * '' Collybia personata'', formerly ''Lepista personata'', ''Lepista saeva'', or ''Clitocybe saeva'', field bl ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Elias Magnus Fries
Elias Magnus Fries (15 August 1794 – 8 February 1878) was a Swedish mycologist and botanist. He is sometimes called the Mycology, "Linnaeus of Mycology". In his works he described and assigned botanical names to hundreds of fungus and lichen species, many of which remain authoritative today. Career Fries was born at Femsjö (Hylte Municipality), Småland, the son of the pastor there. He attended school in Växjö. He acquired an extensive knowledge of flowering plants from his father. In 1811 Fries entered Lund University where he studied under Carl Adolph Agardh and Anders Jahan Retzius. He obtained his doctorate in 1814. In the same year he was appointed an associate professorship in botany. Fries edited several exsiccata series, the first starting in 1818 under the title ''Lichenes Sveciae exsiccati, curante Elia Fries'' and the last together with Franz Joseph Lagger under the title ''Hieracia europaea exsiccata''. He was elected a member of the Royal Swedish Academ ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Worthington George Smith
Worthington George Smith (25 March 1835 – 27 October 1917) was an English cartoonist and illustrator, archaeologist, plant pathologist, and mycologist. Background and career Worthington G. Smith was born in Shoreditch, London, the son of a civil servant. He received an elementary education at a local school and was then apprenticed as an architect. He married Henrietta White in 1856 and the couple had seven children, only three of whom survived childhood.''Oxford Dictionary of National Biography'' http://www.oxforddnb.com Smith worked for the architect Sir Horace Jones, becoming an expert draughtsman and a member of the Architectural Association.Bedfordshire Libraries: Worthington George Smith http://www.galaxy.bedfordshire.gov.uk/webingres/bedfordshire/vlib/0.digitised_resources/dunstable_digitisation_people_smith_about.htm In 1861, however, he left the profession (having been required to design drains for Sir Horace) and embarked on a second career as a freelance illustrato ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Genus
Genus (; : genera ) is a taxonomic rank above species and below family (taxonomy), family as used in the biological classification of extant taxon, living and fossil organisms as well as Virus classification#ICTV classification, viruses. In binomial nomenclature, the genus name forms the first part of the binomial species name for each species within the genus. :E.g. ''Panthera leo'' (lion) and ''Panthera onca'' (jaguar) are two species within the genus ''Panthera''. ''Panthera'' is a genus within the family Felidae. The composition of a genus is determined by taxonomy (biology), taxonomists. The standards for genus classification are not strictly codified, so different authorities often produce different classifications for genera. There are some general practices used, however, including the idea that a newly defined genus should fulfill these three criteria to be descriptively useful: # monophyly – all descendants of an ancestral taxon are grouped together (i.e. Phylogeneti ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mushroom
A mushroom or toadstool is the fleshy, spore-bearing Sporocarp (fungi), fruiting body of a fungus, typically produced above ground on soil or another food source. ''Toadstool'' generally refers to a poisonous mushroom. The standard for the name "mushroom" is the cultivated white button mushroom, ''Agaricus bisporus''; hence, the word "mushroom" is most often applied to those fungi (Basidiomycota, Agaricomycetes) that have a stem (Stipe (mycology), stipe), a cap (Pileus (mycology), pileus), and gills (lamellae, sing. Lamella (mycology), lamella) on the underside of the cap. "Mushroom" also describes a variety of other gilled fungi, with or without stems; therefore the term is used to describe the fleshy fruiting bodies of some Ascomycota. The gills produce microscopic Spore#Fungi, spores which help the fungus spread across the ground or its occupant surface. Forms deviating from the standard Morphology (biology), morphology usually have more specific names, such as "bolete", " ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Fungi
A fungus (: fungi , , , or ; or funguses) is any member of the group of eukaryotic organisms that includes microorganisms such as yeasts and mold (fungus), molds, as well as the more familiar mushrooms. These organisms are classified as one of the kingdom (biology)#Six kingdoms (1998), traditional eukaryotic kingdoms, along with Animalia, Plantae, and either Protista or Protozoa and Chromista. A characteristic that places fungi in a different kingdom from plants, bacteria, and some protists is chitin in their cell walls. Fungi, like animals, are heterotrophs; they acquire their food by absorbing dissolved molecules, typically by secreting digestive enzymes into their environment. Fungi do not photosynthesize. Growth is their means of motility, mobility, except for spores (a few of which are flagellated), which may travel through the air or water. Fungi are the principal decomposers in ecological systems. These and other differences place fungi in a single group of related o ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Clitocybe
''Clitocybe'' is a genus of mushrooms characterized by white, off-white, buff, cream, pink, or light-yellow spores, gills running down the stem, and pale white to brown or lilac coloration. They are primarily saprotrophic, decomposing forest ground litter. There are estimated to be around 300 species in the widespread genus. ''Clitocybe'' means ''sloping head''. A few members of the genus are considered edible; many others are poisonous, containing the toxin muscarine among others. Distinguishing individual species of ''Clitocybe'' is generally prohibitively difficult to non-experts, requiring the analysis of microscopic characters. Therefore, with the exception of a few charismatic and readily identified members, ''Clitocybe'' mushrooms are rarely collected for consumption. Taxonomy ''Clitocybe'' was originally proposed by Elias Fries in 1821 as a tribe in the genus ''Agaricus''. Friedrich Staude elevated it to generic status in 1857. Recent molecular work has shown the genus ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Lepista Caespitosa
''Lepista'' is a genus of mushroom-forming fungi. According to the ''Dictionary of the Fungi'' (10th edition, 2008), the widespread genus contains approximately 50 species. In 1969, Howard Bigelow and Alex H. Smith designated the group as subgenus of ''Clitocybe''. A genetic study conducted in 2015 revealed that the genera ''Collybia'' and ''Lepista'' were closely related to the core clade of ''Clitocybe.'' However, all three genera were found to be polyphyletic, with several members located in lineages distinct from other members within the same genus. Instead, they were more closely related to members of the other two genera. Alvarado and colleagues chose not to define the genera but presented various options and emphasized the necessity for a broader analysis. Selected species * '' Lepista caespitosa'' * '' Lepista glaucocana'' * '' Lepista sordida'' Former species * '' Collybia personata'', formerly ''Lepista personata'', ''Lepista saeva'', or ''Clitocybe saeva'', field ble ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Lepista Glaucocana
''Lepista glaucocana'' is a species of fungus belonging to the family Tricholomataceae The Tricholomataceae are a large family of fungi within the order Agaricales. Originally a classic "wastebasket taxon", the family included any white-, yellow-, or pink-spored genera in the Agaricales not already classified as belonging to e.g. t .... It is native to Europe and Northern America. References glaucocana Fungus species {{tricholomataceae-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Lepista Sordida
''Collybia sordida'', formerly ''Lepista sordida'', is a species of blewit mushroom found across the Northern Hemisphere. It is known to form fairy ring A fairy ring, also known as fairy circle, elf circle, elf ring or pixie ring, is a naturally occurring ring or arc of mushrooms. They are found mainly in forested areas, but also appear in grasslands or rangelands. Fairy rings are detectable by ...s. References {{DEFAULTSORT:Lepista Sordida Edible fungi Lepista Tricholomataceae Fungi of Europe Fungi found in fairy rings ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Collybia Personata
''Collybia personata'' (also recognised as ''Lepista personata'', ''Lepista saeva'', ''Clitocybe saeva'' and ''Tricholoma personatum'', and commonly known as the field blewit and blue-leg) is a species of edible fungus commonly found growing in grassy areas across Europe and is morphologically related to the wood blewit '' Collybia nuda'' (formerly ''Lepista nuda''). This mushroom was moved to the genus '' Collybia'' in 2023. Taxonomy This species was originally proclaimed by Elias Fries in 1818, as ''Agaricus personatus''. Cooke proposed in 1871 another name still in use until recently — ''Lepista personata''. Other names were to follow, namely ''Lepista saeva'' by P.D. Orton in 1960 and ''Clitocybe saeva'' by H.E. Bigelow & A.H. Smith in 1969, the latter placing the fungus in the larger genus ''Clitocybe''. In Latin, the specific epithet ''sævus'' is an adjective meaning either fierce, outrageous, angry or strong. Likewise, ''personatus'' is a participle meaning disguised, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Collybia Nuda
''Collybia nuda'', commonly known as the blewit or wood blewit and previously described as ''Lepista nuda'' and ''Clitocybe nuda'', is a species of fungi. Described by Pierre Bulliard in 1790, it was also known as ''Tricholoma nudum'' for many years. It was reassigned to the genus '' Collybia'' in 2023. The species is native to Europe and North America. It is found in both coniferous and deciduous woodlands. It has been cultivated in Britain, the Netherlands and France. It is a widely consumed edible mushroom. Taxonomy The French mycologist Jean Baptiste François Pierre Bulliard, Pierre Bulliard described the wood blewit in his work ''Herbier de la France'' in 1790 as ''Agaricus nudus'', reporting that it was common in the woods all year. He wrote of two varieties: one whose gills and cap are initially light violet and mature to burgundy, while the other has wine-coloured gills that intensify in colour with age. He added that the first variety was often confused with ''Cortina ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
