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Lao–Siamese War (1778–1779)
Lao–Siamese War or the Siamese Invasion of Laos (1778–1779) is the military conflict between Thonburi Kingdom of Siam (now Thailand) and the Lao kingdoms of Kingdom of Vientiane, Vientiane and Kingdom of Champasak, Champasak. The war resulted in all three Lao kingdoms of Kingdom of Luang Phrabang, Luang Phrabang, Vientiane and Champasak becoming Siamese Tributary state, tributary vassal kingdoms under Siamese suzerainty and domination in Thonburi and the subsequent Rattanakosin Kingdom (1782–1932), Rattanakosin Period. Background Vientiane–Luang Phrabang Rivalry Succession disputes after the reign of King Sourigna Vongsa of Lan Xang, Lanxang resulted in the fragmentation of the Lao kingdom of Lanxang into three distinct kingdoms of Kingdom of Luang Phrabang, Luang Phrabang, Kingdom of Vientiane, Vientiane and Kingdom of Champasak, Champasak in the early eighteenth century. In 1763, the Burmese armies under the new Konbaung dynasty invaded and captured Chiang Mai, Chia ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Khorat Plateau
The Khorat Plateau (; ) is a plateau in the northeastern Thai region of Isan. The plateau forms a natural region, named after the short form of Nakhon Ratchasima, a historical barrier controlling access to and from the area. Geography The average elevation is and it covers an area of about . The saucer-shaped plateau is divided by a range of hills called the Phu Phan Mountains into two basins: the northern Sakhon Nakhon Basin, and the southern Khorat Basin. The plateau tilts from its northwestern corner where it is about above sea level to the southeast where the elevation is only about . Except for a few hills in the northeastern corner, the region is primarily gently undulating land, most of it varying in elevation from , tilting from the Phetchabun Mountains in the west down toward the Mekong River. The plateau is drained by the Mun and Chi Rivers, tributaries to the Mekong that forms the northeastern boundary of the area. It is separated from central Thailand by the Phet ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Buddha Yodfa Chulaloke
Phutthayotfa Chulalok (born Thongduang; 20 March 1737 – 7 September 1809), also known by his regnal name Rama I, was the founder of the Rattanakosin Kingdom (now Thailand) and the first King of Siam from the reigning Chakri dynasty. He ascended the throne in 1782, following the deposition of King Taksin of Thonburi. He was also celebrated as the founder of Rattanakosin (now Bangkok) as the new capital of the reunited kingdom. Rama I, whose given name was Thongduang, was born from a Mon male line descent family, great-grandson of Kosa Pan. His father served in the royal court of the Ayutthaya Kingdom. Thongduang and his younger brother Boonma served King Taksin in wars against the Burmese Konbaung dynasty and helped him in the reunification of Siam. During this time he emerged as Siam's most powerful military leader. Thongduang was the first '' Somdet Chao Phraya'', the highest rank the nobility could attain, equaled to that of royalty. In 1782, he took control of Siam an ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Nemyo Thihapate
Ne Myo Thihapate (; ), also spelled Nemyo Thihapte and Nemiao Sihabodi (),Rajanubhab, D., 2001, Our Wars With the Burmese, Bangkok: White Lotus Co. Ltd., was a general in the Royal Burmese Army of Konbaung Dynasty of Burma (Myanmar). The general is best known for conquering the Ayutthaya Kingdom, along with Gen. Maha Nawrahta, in April 1767. Career The general began his military career as one of the sixty eight elite commanders chosen by King Alaungpaya in 1752. He became one of the "most distinguished soldiers" during Alaungpaya's reunification campaigns (1752–1757). Laos and Siam (1765–1767) In 1764, King Hsinbyushin decided to renew the war against Siam. The king selected Thihapate and Maha Nawrahta as joint commanders to lead another invasion. Thihapate was to lead the northern invasion route from Chiang Mai while Maha Nawrahta was to lead the southern route from Martaban (Mottama). In early 1765, Thihapate with a 20,000-strong force began his operations by starting w ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Lan Na
The Lan Na kingdom or the Kingdom of Lanna (, , "Kingdom of a Million Rice Fields"; , , ), also known as Lannathai, was an Indianized state centered in present-day Northern Thailand from the 13th to the 18th centuries. The cultural development of the Northern Thai people had begun long before as successive kingdoms preceded Lan Na. As a continuation of the kingdom of Ngoenyang, Lan Na emerged strong enough in the 15th century to rival the Ayutthaya Kingdom, with whom wars were fought. However, the Lan Na Kingdom was weakened and became a vassal state of the Toungoo dynasty in 1558. Lan Na was ruled by successive vassal kings, though some enjoyed autonomy. The Burmese rule gradually withdrew but then resumed as the new Konbaung dynasty expanded its influence. In 1775, Lan Na chiefs left the Burmese control to join Siam, leading to the Burmese–Siamese War (1775–76). Following the retreat of the Burmese force, Burmese control over Lan Na came to the end. Siam, under King ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Chiang Mai
Chiang Mai, sometimes written as Chiengmai or Chiangmai, is the largest city in northern Thailand, the capital of Chiang Mai province and the List of municipalities in Thailand#Largest cities by urban population, second largest city in Thailand. It is north of Bangkok in a mountainous region called the Thai highlands and has a population of approximately 127,000 within the city municipality, as of 2023. However, the greater urban area, which includes surrounding districts such as Hang Dong, San Sai, and Saraphi, forms a metropolitan region with an estimated population exceeding 1 million. At the provincial level, Chiang Mai had a projected population of 1.8 million in 2023, according to Thailand's National Statistical Office. Chiang Mai (meaning "new city" in Thai) was founded in 1296 as the new capital of Lan Na, succeeding the former capital, Chiang Rai. The city's location on the Ping River (a major tributary of the Chao Phraya River) and its proximity to major trading ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Konbaung Dynasty
The Konbaung dynasty (), also known as the Third Burmese Empire (တတိယမြန်မာနိုင်ငံတော်), was the last dynasty that ruled Burma from 1752 to 1885. It created the second-largest empire in history of Myanmar, Burmese history and continued the administrative reforms begun by the Toungoo dynasty, laying the foundations of the modern state of Burma. The reforms, however, proved insufficient to stem the advance of the British Empire, who defeated the Burmese in all three Anglo-Burmese Wars over a six-decade span (1824–1885) and ended the millennium-old Burmese monarchy in 1885. Pretenders to the dynasty claim descent from Myat Phaya Lat, one of Thibaw's daughters. An expansionist dynasty, the Konbaung kings waged campaigns against the Mizo Chieftainship, Lushai Hills, Möng Mao, Manipur, Assam, Kingdom of Mrauk U, Arakan, the Mon people, Mon kingdom of Restored Hanthawaddy Kingdom, Pegu, Siam, and the Qing dynasty of China—thus establis ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Lan Xang
Lan Xang () or Lancang was a Lao people, Lao kingdom that held the area of present-day Laos from 1353 to 1707. For three and a half centuries, Lan Xang was one of the largest kingdoms in Southeast Asia. The kingdom is the basis for Laos's national historic and cultural identity. Name ''Lān Xāng Hôm Khāo'' is one romanization of Lao, romanization of the Lao language, Lao name (), meaning "the Million Elephants and the Chatra (umbrella), White Parasol". The kingdom's name alludes to the power of the king, his ties to Buddhism in Laos, Laotian Buddhism, and his army's countless war elephants. Other romanizations include ''Lan Sang'', ''Lane Sang'', and ''Lane Xang''. The name ''Láncāng'' is the pinyin romanization of Chinese, romanization of the kingdom's Chinese language, Chinese name , Lancang River, still used for the upper stretches of the Mekong in Tibet and Yunnan. Other names for the kingdom include the Chinese ''Nánzhǎng'' (); the Sanskrit ''Srī Śatanāganay ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sourigna Vongsa
Souligna Vongsa (ສຸຣິຍະວົງສາທັມມິກຣາດ ) was the king of Lan Xang whose reign is considered the golden age of Laos. He ascended to the throne in 1637. King of Lan Xang In 1637, Souligna Vongsa ascended the throne after the nobles elected him over his two older brothers. King Souligna Vongsa reigned for 57 years during which Laos experienced "The Golden Age" with regard to territory, prestige and power. He assured stability by immediately banishing any possible rivals, sending one of his brothers to Vietnam and the other one into a solitary priesthood, and sending his cousins west, towards Siam. He was a strict and austere monarch, and ran the country according to firm laws. He was greatly respected as a ruler, and within five years of his ascension, his reputation reached the Dutch representatives of the Dutch East India Company who were in Phnom Penh. The Jesuit Giovanni Maria Leria arrived in Vientiane at the same time as the Dutch merc ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Rattanakosin Kingdom (1782–1932)
The Rattanakosin Kingdom, also known as the Kingdom of Siam after 1855, refers to the Siamese kingdom between 1782 and 1932. It was founded in 1782 with the History of Bangkok#Rattanakosin, establishment of Rattanakosin (Bangkok), which replaced the city of Thonburi Kingdom, Thonburi as the capital of Siam. This article covers the period until the Siamese revolution of 1932. The kingdom governed based on the Mandala (political model), mandala system. This allows for high-autonomy locally with the kingdom influencing and effectively rule its area of suzerainty. At its zenith in 1805-1812, the Kingdom was composed of Administrative divisions of Thailand#Muang Prathetsarat, 25 polities, ranging from duchies and principalities to federations and kingdoms. With the furthest extent reaching Shan States, the Shan States, southern Xishuangbanna Dai Autonomous Prefecture, Yunnan, Laos, Cambodia, northern Si Rat Malai, Malaysia, Sip Song Chau Tai, northwestern Vietnam, and Kawthaung, K ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tributary State
A tributary state is a pre-modern state in a particular type of subordinate relationship to a more powerful state which involved the sending of a regular token of submission, or tribute, to the superior power (the suzerain). This token often took the form of a substantial transfer of wealth, such as the delivery of gold, produce, or slaves, so that tribute might best be seen as the payment of protection money. It might also be more symbolic: sometimes it amounted to no more than the delivery of a mark of submission such as the bunga mas (golden flower) that rulers in the Malay Peninsula used to send to the kings of Siam, or the Tribute of the Maltese Falcon that the Grand Master of the Order of St. John used to send annually to the Viceroy of Sicily in order to rule Malta. It might also involve attendance by the subordinate ruler at the court of the hegemon in order to make a public show of submission. The modern-day heirs of tribute hegemons tend to claim that the tr ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Thailand
Thailand, officially the Kingdom of Thailand and historically known as Siam (the official name until 1939), is a country in Southeast Asia on the Mainland Southeast Asia, Indochinese Peninsula. With a population of almost 66 million, it spans . Thailand Template:Borders of Thailand, is bordered to the northwest by Myanmar, to the northeast and east by Laos, to the southeast by Cambodia, to the south by the Gulf of Thailand and Malaysia, and to the southwest by the Andaman Sea; it also shares maritime borders with Vietnam to the southeast and Indonesia and India to the southwest. Bangkok is the state capital and List of municipalities in Thailand#Largest cities by urban population, largest city. Tai peoples, Thai peoples migrated from southwestern China to mainland Southeast Asia from the 6th to 11th centuries. Greater India, Indianised kingdoms such as the Mon kingdoms, Mon, Khmer Empire, and Monarchies of Malaysia, Malay states ruled the region, competing with Thai states s ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ang Non II
Ang Non II (1739 – August 1779) was King of Cambodia from 1775 to his death in 1779. He reigned under the name of Reameathiptei III. Ang Non grew up in a Cambodian kingdom that was often under the control of either the Vietnamese or the Siamese. During his childhood, Cambodia was ruled by Thommo Reachea III (1736–1747) who held his position with the support of the Siamese. In 1749, during civil unrest, Satha II attempted to take the throne with the help of the Vietnamese. Shortly thereafter, Satha fled to Vietnam where he died in Saigon. For 24 of the next 26 years, Cambodia was ruled by two monarchs, Chey Chettha V (1749–1755) and Outey II (1758–1775) who allied with the Vietnamese. During his rule, Outey II diminished his support for King Taksin of Siam. After provocations, Taksin and the Siamese invaded Cambodia and burned down Phnom Penh. In 1775, Outey abdicated and Ang Non was elected king under the name Reamea Thipadei III. During his reign, Ang Non served as a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
