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Lance Armstrong
Lance Edward Armstrong (''né'' Gunderson; born September 18, 1971) is an American former professional road bicycle racing, road racing cyclist. He achieved international fame for winning the Tour de France a record seven consecutive times from 1999 Tour de France, 1999 to 2005 Tour de France, 2005, but was stripped of his titles in 2012 after Lance Armstrong doping case, an investigation into History of Lance Armstrong doping allegations, doping allegations found that Armstrong used performance-enhancing drugs over his career. As a result, Armstrong is currently banned for life from all sanctioned bicycling events. At age 16, Armstrong began competing as a triathlon, triathlete and was a national sprint-course triathlon champion in 1989 and 1990. In 1992, he began his career as a professional cyclist with the Motorola Cycling Team, Motorola team. Armstrong had success between 1993 and 1996 with the UCI Road World Championships, World Championship in 1993 UCI Road World Champio ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
2009 Tour Down Under
The 2009 Tour Down Under was the 11th edition of the Tour Down Under cycling stage race, taking place over 20–25 January in and around Adelaide, South Australia. The Tour Down Under was the first race outside Europe to be given ProTour status by the Union Cycliste Internationale, UCI, and this edition was the first race in the inaugural 2009 UCI World Ranking, UCI World Ranking calendar. This was the first race in Lance Armstrong's comeback. The race was preceded by an opening race called Down Under Classic, not part of the UCI ProTour competition. Stage results Stage 1, 20 January, Norwood – Mawson Lakes, 140 km Stage 2, 21 January, Hahndorf – Stirling, 145 km Stage 3, 22 January, Unley – Victor Harbor, 136 km Stage 4, 23 January, Burnside Village – Angaston, 143 km Stage 5, 24 January, Snapper Point – Willunga, 148 km Stage 6, 25 January, Adelaide City Council Circuit, 90 km Final standing General classification Mountains classification Points clas ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
La Flèche Wallonne
La Flèche Wallonne (, French for "The Walloon Arrow") is a men's professional cycle road race held in April each year in Wallonia, Belgium. It is part of the UCI World Tour. The first of two Belgian Ardennes classics, La Flèche Wallonne is today normally held mid-week between the Amstel Gold Race and Liège–Bastogne–Liège. At one time, La Flèche Wallonne and Liège–Bastogne–Liège were run on successive days as "Le Weekend Ardennais" (both races are organised by Amaury Sport Organisation). Only eight riders have achieved the "Ardennes double" by winning both races in the same year: Alejandro Valverde three times (in 2006, 2015 and 2017), Ferdi Kübler twice (in 1951 and 1952), Stan Ockers (1955), Eddy Merckx (1972), Moreno Argentin (1991), Davide Rebellin (2004), Philippe Gilbert (2011), and Tadej Pogačar (2025). Since 1998, a women's event has been held on the same day, part of the UCI Women's World Tour. History La Flèche Wallonne was created to bo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Metastasis
Metastasis is a pathogenic agent's spreading from an initial or primary site to a different or secondary site within the host's body; the term is typically used when referring to metastasis by a cancerous tumor. The newly pathological sites, then, are metastases (mets). It is generally distinguished from cancer invasion, which is the direct extension and penetration by cancer cells into neighboring tissues. Cancer occurs after cells are genetically altered to proliferate rapidly and indefinitely. This uncontrolled proliferation by mitosis produces a primary tumor, primary tumour heterogeneity, heterogeneic tumour. The cells which constitute the tumor eventually undergo metaplasia, followed by dysplasia then anaplasia, resulting in a Malignancy, malignant phenotype. This malignancy allows for invasion into the circulation, followed by invasion to a second site for tumorigenesis. Some cancer cells, known as circulating tumor cells (CTCs), are able to penetrate the walls of lymp ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Motorola Cycling Team
The 7-Eleven Cycling Team, later the Motorola Cycling Team, was a professional cycling team founded in the U.S. in 1981 by Jim Ochowicz, a former U.S. Olympic cyclist. The team lasted 16 years, under the sponsorship of 7-Eleven through 1990 and then Motorola from 1990 through 1996. From 1989 to 1996 it rode on Eddy Merckx bikes. History 7-Eleven was formed as an amateur cycling team in 1981 by Ochowicz, a 29-year-old former Olympic cyclist from the U.S., who was married to Olympic speed skating gold medalist Sheila Young. Ochowicz had managed the U.S. national speed-skating team and was friends with Eric and Beth Heiden, who were both excellent cyclists as well as champion speed skaters. He managed to get sponsorship from the Southland Corporation, owners of the 7-Eleven convenience-store chain, and bicycle manufacturer Schwinn to form an amateur team. Of the seven men on the inaugural 7-Eleven-Schwinn team racing in 1981, Eric Heiden (who swept the gold medals in speed ska ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Triathlon
A triathlon is an endurance multisport race consisting of Swimming (sport), swimming, Cycle sport, cycling, and running over various distances. Triathletes compete for fastest overall completion time, racing each segment sequentially with the time transitioning between the disciplines included. The word is of Greek language, Greek origin, from (), 'three', and (), 'competition'. The sport originated in the late 1970s in Southern California as sports clubs and individuals developed the sport. This history has meant that #Nonstandard variations, variations of the sport were created and still exist. It also led to other three-stage races using the name triathlon despite not being continuous or not consisting of swim, bike, and run elements. Triathletes train to achieve endurance, strength, and speed. The sport requires focused persistent and Sports periodization, periodised training for each of the three disciplines, as well as combination workouts and general strength conditio ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Performance-enhancing Drugs
Performance-enhancing substances (PESs), also known as performance-enhancing drugs (PEDs), are substances that are used to improve any form of activity performance in humans. Many substances, such as anabolic steroids, can be used to improve athletic performance and build muscle, which in most cases is considered cheating by organized athletic organizations. This usage is often referred to as doping. Athletic performance-enhancing substances are sometimes referred to as ergogenic aids. Cognitive performance-enhancing drugs, commonly called nootropics, are sometimes used by students to improve academic performance. Performance-enhancing substances are also used by military personnel to enhance combat performance. Definition The classifications of substances as performance-enhancing substances are not entirely clear-cut and objective. As in other types of categorization, certain prototype performance enhancers are universally classified as such (like anabolic steroids), where ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
History Of Lance Armstrong Doping Allegations
For much of the second phase of his career, American cyclist Lance Armstrong faced constant allegations of Doping in sport, doping, including doping at the Tour de France and in the Lance Armstrong doping case. Armstrong vehemently denied allegations of using Performance-enhancing substance, performance enhancing drugs for 13 years, until a confession during a broadcast interview with Oprah Winfrey in January 2013, when he finally admitted to all his cheating in sports, stating, "I view this situation as one big lie that I repeated a lot of times". Background Lance Armstrong had been criticized for his disagreements with outspoken opponents of Doping in sport, doping, such as sports journalist Paul Kimmage and cyclist Christophe Bassons. Bassons wrote a number of articles for a French newspaper during the 1999 Tour de France which made references to doping in the peloton. Subsequently, Armstrong started a confrontation during that Tour where he rode up alongside Bassons on the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Lance Armstrong Doping Case
''United States Anti-Doping Agency v. Lance Armstrong'', the Lance Armstrong doping case, was a major doping investigation that led to retired American road racing cyclist Lance Armstrong being stripped of his seven consecutive Tour de France titles, along with one Olympic medal, and his eventual admission to using performance-enhancing drugs. The United States Anti-Doping Agency (USADA) portrayed Armstrong as the ringleader of what it called "the most sophisticated, professionalized and successful doping program that sport has ever seen." History of doping allegations For much of his career, Lance Armstrong faced persistent allegations of doping, but until 2006, no official investigation was undertaken. The first break in the case came in 2005 when SCA Promotions, a Dallas-based insurer, balked at paying a US$5 million bonus to Armstrong for winning his sixth consecutive Tour de France. SCA president Bob Hamman had read '' L.A. Confidentiel'', a book by cycling journalists ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
2005 Tour De France
The 2005 Tour de France was the 92nd edition of the Tour de France, one of cycling's Grand Tour (cycling), Grand Tours. It took place between 2–24 July, with 21 stages covering a distance . It has no overall winner—although American cyclist Lance Armstrong originally won the event, the United States Anti-Doping Agency announced on 24 August 2012 that they had disqualified Armstrong from all his results since 1 August 1998, including his seven Tour de France wins from 1999 Tour de France, 1999 to 2005. The verdict was subsequently confirmed by the UCI. The first stages were held in the département of the Vendée, for the third time in 12 years. The 2005 Tour was announced on 28 October 2004. It was a clockwise route, visiting the Alps before the Pyrenees. Armstrong took the top step on the podium, for what was then the seventh consecutive time. He was accompanied on the podium by Ivan Basso and Jan Ullrich, but in 2012 Ullrich's results were annulled. The points classificati ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1999 Tour De France
The 1999 Tour de France was a multiple stage bicycle race held from 3 to 25 July, and the 86th edition of the Tour de France. It has no overall winner—although American cyclist Lance Armstrong originally won the event, the United States Anti-Doping Agency announced in August 2012 that they had disqualified Armstrong from all his results since 1998, including his seven consecutive Tour de France wins from 1999 to 2005 (which were, originally, the most wins in the event's history); the Union Cycliste Internationale confirmed the result. There were no French stage winners for the first time since the 1926 Tour de France. Additionally, Mario Cipollini won four stages in a row, setting the post-World War II record for consecutive stage wins (breaking the record of three, set by Gino Bartali in 1948.) Teams After the doping controversies in the 1998 Tour de France, the Tour organisation banned some riders from the race, including Richard Virenque, Laurent Roux and Philipp ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cycling At The 2000 Summer Olympics – Men's Road Time Trial
These are the official results of the men's individual time trial at the 2000 Summer Olympics in Sydney, Australia. The race was held on Saturday, September 30, 2000, with a race distance of 46.8 km. On 17 January 2013, Lance Armstrong was stripped of the bronze medal and disqualified by the International Olympic Committee for Lance Armstrong doping case, an anti-doping rule violation. They also decided not to award Spanish cyclist Abraham Olano the medal, as he had also tested positive for doping, back in 1998. Medalists Final classification References External links Official Report of the 2000 Sydney Summer Olympics available at https://web.archive.org/web/20060622162855/http://www.la84foundation.org/5va/reports_frmst.htm {{DEFAULTSORT:Cycling at the 2000 Summer Olympics - Men's road time trial Road cycling at the 2000 Summer Olympics, Men's road time trial Cycling at the Summer Olympics – Men's individual time trial Men's events at the 2000 Summer Olympics ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
2000 Summer Olympics
The 2000 Summer Olympics, officially the Games of the XXVII Olympiad, officially branded as Sydney 2000, and also known as the Games of the New Millennium, were an international multi-sport event held from 15 September to 1 October 2000 in Sydney, New South Wales, Australia. It marked the second time the Summer Olympics were held in Australia, and in the Southern Hemisphere, the first being in Melbourne, in 1956 Summer Olympics, 1956. Teams from 199 countries participated in the 2000 Games, which were the first to feature at least 300 events in its official sports program. The Games were estimated to have cost Australian dollar, A$6.6 billion. These were the final Olympic Games under the International Olympic Committee, IOC presidency of Juan Antonio Samaranch before the arrival of his successor Jacques Rogge. The final medal tally at the 2000 Summer Olympics was led by the United States at the 2000 Summer Olympics, United States, followed by Russia at the 2000 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
