|
Laboratoire Aimé-Cotton
The Aimé-Cotton Laboratory () or LAC, located in Orsay, is a joint research unit (UMR 9025) of the French National Centre for Scientific Research (CNRS) and the Paris-Saclay University. History The Aimé-Cotton laboratory was created in 1927 as an annex to the Physical Research Laboratory of the Faculty of Sciences of the University of Paris, on the occasion of the construction of the Large Electromagnet of the Academy of Sciences at Meudon-Bellevue, of which Aimé Cotton, at the origin of the project in 1914, solemnly announced the completion on July 9, 1928. First director of the laboratory of the Grand electromagnet de Bellevue, Aimé Cotton's successors in 1941 were Gaston Dupouy then, in 1950, Pierre Jacquinot. Successively "electromagnet and low temperatures laboratory", "low temperatures laboratory", "low temperatures and intense magnetic fields laboratory" then "magnetism and magneto-optics laboratory", the laboratory took over in 1951, on the initiative of Pierre ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Atomic Physics
Atomic physics is the field of physics that studies atoms as an isolated system of electrons and an atomic nucleus. Atomic physics typically refers to the study of atomic structure and the interaction between atoms. It is primarily concerned with the way in which electrons are arranged around the nucleus and the processes by which these arrangements change. This comprises ions, neutral atoms and, unless otherwise stated, it can be assumed that the term ''atom'' includes ions. The term ''atomic physics'' can be associated with nuclear power and nuclear weapons, due to the synonymous use of ''atomic'' and ''nuclear'' in standard English. Physicists distinguish between atomic physics—which deals with the atom as a system consisting of a nucleus and electrons—and nuclear physics, which studies nuclear reactions and special properties of atomic nuclei. As with many scientific fields, strict delineation can be highly contrived and atomic physics is often considered in the w ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Atomic Spectroscopy
In physics, atomic spectroscopy is the study of the electromagnetic radiation absorbed and emitted by atoms. Since unique elements have unique emission spectra, atomic spectroscopy is applied for determination of elemental compositions. It can be divided by atomization source or by the type of spectroscopy used. In the latter case, the main division is between optical and mass spectrometry. Mass spectrometry generally gives significantly better analytical performance, but is also significantly more complex. This complexity translates into higher purchase costs, higher operational costs, more operator training, and a greater number of components that can potentially fail. Because optical spectroscopy is often less expensive and has performance adequate for many tasks, it is far more common. Atomic absorption spectrometers are one of the most commonly sold and used analytical devices. Atomic spectroscopy Electrons exist in energy levels (i.e. atomic orbitals) within an atom ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Academic Staff Of Paris-Saclay University
An academy (Attic Greek: Ἀκαδήμεια; Koine Greek Ἀκαδημία) is an institution of tertiary education. The name traces back to Plato's school of philosophy, founded approximately 386 BC at Akademia, a sanctuary of Athena, the goddess of wisdom and Skills, skill, north of Ancient Athens, Athens, Greece. The Royal Spanish Academy defines academy as scientific, literary or artistic society established with public authority and as a teaching establishment, public or private, of a professional, artistic, technical or simply practical nature. Etymology The word comes from the ''Academy'' in ancient Greece, which derives from the Athenian hero, ''Akademos''. Outside the city walls of Athens, the Gymnasium (ancient Greece), gymnasium was made famous by Plato as a center of learning. The sacred space, dedicated to the goddess of wisdom, Athena, had formerly been an olive Grove (nature), grove, hence the expression "the groves of Academe". In these gardens, the philos ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1927 Establishments In France
Nineteen or 19 may refer to: * 19 (number) * One of the years 19 BC, AD 19, 1919, 2019 Films * ''19'' (film), a 2001 Japanese film * ''Nineteen'' (1987 film), a 1987 science fiction film * '' 19-Nineteen'', a 2009 South Korean film * '' Diciannove'', a 2024 Italian drama film informally referred to as "Nineteen" in some sources Science * Potassium, an alkali metal * 19 Fortuna, an asteroid Music * 19 (band), a Japanese pop music duo Albums * ''19'' (Adele album), 2008 * ''19'', a 2003 album by Alsou * ''19'', a 2006 album by Evan Yo * ''19'', a 2018 album by MHD * ''19'', one half of the double album '' 63/19'' by Kool A.D. * ''Number Nineteen'', a 1971 album by American jazz pianist Mal Waldron * ''XIX'' (EP), a 2019 EP by 1the9 Songs * "19" (song), a 1985 song by British musician Paul Hardcastle * "Stone in Focus", officially "#19", a composition by Aphex Twin * "Nineteen", a song from the 1992 album ''Refugee'' by Bad4Good * "Nineteen", a song from the 2 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Research Institutes Established In 1927
Research is creative and systematic work undertaken to increase the stock of knowledge. It involves the collection, organization, and analysis of evidence to increase understanding of a topic, characterized by a particular attentiveness to controlling sources of bias and error. These activities are characterized by accounting and controlling for biases. A research project may be an expansion of past work in the field. To test the validity of instruments, procedures, or experiments, research may replicate elements of prior projects or the project as a whole. The primary purposes of basic research (as opposed to applied research) are documentation, Discovery (observation), discovery, interpretation (philosophy), interpretation, and the research and development (R&D) of methods and systems for the advancement of human knowledge. Approaches to research depend on epistemology, epistemologies, which vary considerably both within and between humanities and sciences. There are severa ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Research Institutes In France
Research is creative and systematic work undertaken to increase the stock of knowledge. It involves the collection, organization, and analysis of evidence to increase understanding of a topic, characterized by a particular attentiveness to controlling sources of bias and error. These activities are characterized by accounting and controlling for biases. A research project may be an expansion of past work in the field. To test the validity of instruments, procedures, or experiments, research may replicate elements of prior projects or the project as a whole. The primary purposes of basic research (as opposed to applied research) are documentation, discovery, interpretation, and the research and development (R&D) of methods and systems for the advancement of human knowledge. Approaches to research depend on epistemologies, which vary considerably both within and between humanities and sciences. There are several forms of research: scientific, humanities, artistic, economic, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
École Normale Supérieure Paris-Saclay
The (; also ENS Paris-Saclay or Paris-Saclay), formerly ENS Cachan, is a grande école and a constituent member of Paris-Saclay University. It was established in 1892. It is located in Gif-sur-Yvette within the Essonne department near Paris, Île-de-France, France. ENS Paris-Saclay is one of the most prestigious and selective French ''grandes écoles''. Like all other ''grandes écoles'', this elite higher education institution is not included in the mainstream framework of the French public universities. Along with the , ENS Lyon and ENS Rennes, the school belongs to the informal network of French '' écoles normales supérieures'', forming the top level of research and education in the French higher educational system. In 2014, ENS Paris-Saclay became a founding member of the Paris-Saclay University, an initiative to integrate and combine resources from a number of different ''grandes écoles'', public universities, and research institutions. The school moved in 2019 t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Joint Research Unit
A joint or articulation (or articular surface) is the connection made between bones, ossicles, or other hard structures in the body which link an animal's skeletal system into a functional whole.Saladin, Ken. Anatomy & Physiology. 7th ed. McGraw-Hill Connect. Webp.274/ref> They are constructed to allow for different degrees and types of movement. Some joints, such as the knee, elbow, and shoulder, are self-lubricating, almost frictionless, and are able to withstand compression and maintain heavy loads while still executing smooth and precise movements. Other joints such as sutures between the bones of the skull permit very little movement (only during birth) in order to protect the brain and the sense organs. The connection between a tooth and the jawbone is also called a joint, and is described as a fibrous joint known as a gomphosis. Joints are classified both structurally and functionally. Joints play a vital role in the human body, contributing to movement, stability, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Plateau De Saclay
The Plateau de Saclay (), also called Silicon Valley Européenne (in English, European Silicon Valley), is located north of Essonne and south-east of Yvelines, 20 km south of Paris. It is bounded by the valley of the Yvette (river), Yvette (''Vallée de Chevreuse'') to the south and east, and the valley of the Bièvre (river), Bièvre to the north. It hosts world-class universities, engineering and management schools and research centers, such as Paris-Saclay University, École Polytechnique, ENSAE Paris, Telecom Paris, HEC Paris, HEC, ENSTA ParisTech, CentraleSupélec, Agro ParisTech, École supérieure d'optique, IOGS, IHES, Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives, CEA, Inria, Danone research center, one Thales Group, Thales research facility, and national scientific instruments such as the SOLEIL synchrotron and the NeuroSpin Project. In order to create an even more attractive campus, other engineering schools and high-value centers are planned: Éle ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Paris-Sud University
Paris-Sud University (), also known as the University of Paris — XI (or as the Orsay Faculty of Sciences, University of Paris before 1971), was a French research university distributed among several campuses in the southern suburbs of Paris, including Orsay, Cachan, Châtenay-Malabry, Sceaux, Hauts-de-Seine, Sceaux, and Kremlin-Bicêtre campuses. In 2019, the university was replaced by the Paris-Saclay University. History Paris-Sud, as the Orsay Faculty of Sciences, was originally part of the University of Paris, which was subsequently split into several universities. After World War II, the rapid growth of nuclear physics and chemistry meant that research needed more and more powerful accelerators, which required large areas. The University of Paris, the and the looked for space in the south of Paris near Orsay. Later some of the teaching activity of the Faculty of Sciences in Paris was transferred to Orsay in 1956 at the request of Irène Joliot-Curie and Frédéric Joli ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Robert Chabbal
Robert Chabbal (6 February 1927 – 14 September 2020) was a French physician and scientific researcher. He was Director General of the French National Centre for Scientific Research (CNRS) from 1976 to 1979. Biography After his studies at the École normale supérieure in Paris, Chabbal began his career as a physician. He became a professor at the Faculté des sciences de Paris in 1959 and at the Paris-Saclay Faculty of Sciences in Orsay in 1965. He was also Director of the Laboratoire Aimé-Cotton from 1962 to 1969. In 1969, Chabbal became director of physical sciences at the CNRS. There, he founded the Programme interdisciplinaire de recherche pour l'énergie solaire (PIRDES), of which he became the director. He was Director General of the CNRS from 1976 to 1979, and gave great importance to the engineering sciences while in office. From 1980 to 1983, Chabbal worked at NATO as Deputy Secretary General for Scientific Affairs. From 1983 to 1987, he led the Scientific and Techn ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Janine Connes
Janine Connes (, 19 May 1926 – 28 November 2024) was a French astronomer whose research led to the establishment of the Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy method, which was of major significance and laid the foundations of what was to grow into a significant new field. Connes was married to , a fellow astronomer, until his death in 2019. The couple often conducted research together. Together with her husband and Robert B. Leighton, they were nominated for the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1970. Research The Connes work was primarily in analysing the Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy technique, a field the couple began studying in 1954 in Laboratoire Aimé-Cotton directed by Pierre Jacquinot. Her 1961 thesis and subsequent publications gave in-depth analysis of the practical details necessary for its use, with her thesis credited for establishing many of the early design principles. She collaborated and travelled often to the Jet Propulsion Laboratory of NASA. With ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
