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Kuybyshev Reservoir
Kuybyshev Reservoir or Kuybyshevskoye Reservoir () is a reservoir of the middle Volga and lower Kama in Chuvashia, Mari El Republic, Republic of Tatarstan, Samara Oblast and Ulyanovsk Oblast, Russia. It is sometimes called as Samara Reservoir and informally called Kuybyshev Sea. The Kuybyshev Reservoir has a surface area of 6,450 km² and a volume of 58 billion cubic meters. It is the largest reservoir in Europe and third in the world by surface area. The major cities of Kazan, Ulyanovsk, and Tolyatti are adjacent to the reservoir. The reservoir was created by the dam of Zhiguli Hydroelectric Station (formerly, V.I. Lenin Volga Hydroelectric Station), located between the cities of Zhigulevsk and Tolyatti in Samara Oblast. It was filled in 1955–1957. With the filling of the reservoir in the 1950s, some villages and towns were submerged by the rising water and were rebuilt on higher ground. These included the old fortress town of Stavropol-on-Volga, which was re ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ulyanovsk
Ulyanovsk,, , known as Simbirsk until 1924, is a types of inhabited localities in Russia, city and the administrative center of Ulyanovsk Oblast, Russia, located on the Volga River east of Moscow. Ulyanovsk has been the only Russian UNESCO City of Literature since 2015. The city was the birthplace of Vladimir Lenin (born Ulyanov), for whom it was renamed after his death in 1924; and of Alexander Kerensky, the leader of the Russian Provisional Government which Lenin overthrew during the October Revolution of 1917. It is also famous for its writers such as Ivan Goncharov, Nikolay Yazykov and Nikolay Karamzin, and for painters such as Arkady Plastov and Nikas Safronov. History Simbirsk was founded in 1648 by the boyar Bogdan Khitrovo. The fort of "Simbirsk" (alternatively "Sinbirsk") was strategically placed on a hill on the Western bank of the Volga River. The fort was meant to protect the eastern frontier of the Tsardom of Russia from the nomadic tribes and to establish a per ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Chistopol
Chistopol (; ; , ''Çistay'') is a types of inhabited localities in Russia, town in Tatarstan, Russia, located on the left bank of the Kuybyshev Reservoir, on the Kama River. As of the Russian Census (2010), 2010 Census, its population was 60,755. History At the end of the 19th century, Chistopol became a major center of trade for grain. Prior to 1917, it was the second largest town (after Kazan) in Kazan Governorate. During the Great Patriotic War, Chistopol become a shelter for the Union of Soviet Writers, which included Boris Pasternak, Leonid Leonov and other notables. The town is notable for its Vostok watches factory, which was founded in 1942. Chistopol was ranked first among Category III cities (population up to 100,000) in the 2015 edition of :ru:Самый благоустроенный город России, Most Comfortable City in Russia. In the year 1781, Empress Catherine the Great established the center of the “Chistopol District of the Kazan Gove ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Fossil
A fossil (from Classical Latin , ) is any preserved remains, impression, or trace of any once-living thing from a past geological age. Examples include bones, shells, exoskeletons, stone imprints of animals or microbes, objects preserved in amber, hair, petrified wood and DNA remnants. The totality of fossils is known as the ''fossil record''. Though the fossil record is incomplete, numerous studies have demonstrated that there is enough information available to give a good understanding of the pattern of diversification of life on Earth. In addition, the record can predict and fill gaps such as the discovery of '' Tiktaalik'' in the arctic of Canada. Paleontology includes the study of fossils: their age, method of formation, and evolutionary significance. Specimens are sometimes considered to be fossils if they are over 10,000 years old. The oldest fossils are around 3.48 billion years to 4.1 billion years old. Early edition, published online before prin ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Levee
A levee ( or ), dike (American English), dyke (British English; see American and British English spelling differences#Miscellaneous spelling differences, spelling differences), embankment, floodbank, or stop bank is an elevated ridge, natural or artificial, alongside the river banks, banks of a river, often intended to flood control, protect against flooding of the area adjoining the river. It is usually soil, earthen and often runs parallel (geometry), parallel to the course of a river in its floodplain or along low-lying coastlines. Naturally occurring levees form on river floodplains following flooding. Sediment and alluvium are deposition (geology), deposited on the banks and settle, forming a ridge that increases the river channel's capacity. Alternatively, levees can be artificially constructed from fill dirt, fill, designed to regulate water levels. In some circumstances, artificial levees can be environmental degradation, environmentally damaging. Ancient civilization ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Zhigulevsk
Zhigulevsk ( rus, Жигулёвск, p=ʐɨɡʊˈlʲɵfsk) is a town in Samara Oblast, Russia, located on the right bank of the Volga River in the Samara Bend near the Zhiguli Mountains, west of Samara. The population was Etymology The name Zhigulevsk is taken from the Zhiguli Mountains, but they are named for an earlier settlement of Zhigulevka, itself probably named for an early inhabitant, Zhegul ().Е. М. Поспелов. "Географические названия мира" (Москва, 1998), p. 155. History The town occupies the territories of former villages of Otvazhnoye (, known since 1840) and Morkvashi (, known since 1647). The work settlement of Otvazhny () was built here to develop the oil deposits. In 1949, it was merged with the villages and renamed Zhigulevsk. It was granted town status in 1952. Besides oil, the town also develops limestone deposits. Administrative and municipal status Within the framework of administrative divisions, it is ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Zhiguli Hydroelectric Station
The Zhiguli Hydroelectric Station or Zhigulyovskaya Hydroelectric Station (), formerly known as Kuybyshev Hydroelectric Station (Kuybyshev GES) is a large dam and hydroelectric station on the Volga River, located near Zhigulyovsk and Tolyatti in Samara Oblast of Russia. It is the sixth stage of the Volga-Kama Cascade of dams, and the second largest of them by installed power generating capacity. General data Construction started in 1950 and was completed in 1957. The complex consists of earth-fill dam, 2800 m long, 750 m wide and 52 m high, concrete spillway dam, 980 m long, power plant house, 700 m long, and two-lane navigable locks. Installed power is 2,488 MW, average annual production is 11,700 GWh. The power house has 20 generator units with Kaplan turbines, 4 of 120 MW and 16 of 125.5 MW at 22.5 m head. The dam forms Kuybyshev Reservoir. Economic value The station covers peak loads and maintains frequency stability in the unified power system of Russia (UES), cont ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Europe
Europe is a continent located entirely in the Northern Hemisphere and mostly in the Eastern Hemisphere. It is bordered by the Arctic Ocean to the north, the Atlantic Ocean to the west, the Mediterranean Sea to the south, and Asia to the east. Europe shares the landmass of Eurasia with Asia, and of Afro-Eurasia with both Africa and Asia. Europe is commonly considered to be Boundaries between the continents#Asia and Europe, separated from Asia by the Drainage divide, watershed of the Ural Mountains, the Ural (river), Ural River, the Caspian Sea, the Greater Caucasus, the Black Sea, and the waterway of the Bosporus, Bosporus Strait. "Europe" (pp. 68–69); "Asia" (pp. 90–91): "A commonly accepted division between Asia and Europe ... is formed by the Ural Mountains, Ural River, Caspian Sea, Caucasus Mountains, and the Black Sea with its outlets, the Bosporus and Dardanelles." Europe covers approx. , or 2% of Earth#Surface, Earth's surface (6.8% of Earth's land area), making it ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ulyanovsk Oblast
Ulyanovsk Oblast () is a federal subjects of Russia, federal subject of Russia (an oblast). It is located in the Volga Federal District. Its administrative center is the types of inhabited localities in Russia, city of Ulyanovsk. It has a population of 1,292,799 (Russian Census (2010), 2010 Census). Geography Ulyanovsk Oblast borders with Chuvashia (N), Tatarstan (NE), Samara Oblast (E), Saratov Oblast (S), Penza Oblast (W), and Mordovia (NW). It is located on the northern edge of Central Steppes. A quarter of its territory is covered with deciduous forests; the rest is covered with steppes and meadows. The oblast is divided in half by the Volga River. Hilly areas to the west of the Volga are known as Volga Upland (elevations up to 358 m (1,175 ft) ). Eastern part of the oblast is mostly flat. The water table occupies about 6% of territory. Ulyanovsk Oblast is categorized as a dfb, (warm-summer humid continental), on the köppen climate classification, köppen clas ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Samara Oblast
Samara Oblast (, ) is a federal subjects of Russia, federal subject of Russia (an oblast). Its administrative center is the types of inhabited localities in Russia, city of Samara. From 1935 to 1991, it was known as Kuybyshev Oblast. As of the Russian Census (2021), 2021 Census, the population of the oblast was 3,172,925. The oblast borders Tatarstan in the north, Orenburg Oblast in the east, Kazakhstan (West Kazakhstan Province) in the south, Saratov Oblast in the southwest and Ulyanovsk Oblast in the west. It is located in 3 natural landscape zones: the forest zone (coniferous and broad-leaved forests), the basis of which is pine-oak forests, pine forests and broad-leaved forests with the participation of oak and maple. Spruce occasionally joins them. Areas of the southern taiga are found on the coast of the region. The forest-steppe zone occupies the central regions of the region and is represented by a combination of areas of broad-leaved forests, most often oak and me ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tatarstan
Tatarstan, officially the Republic of Tatarstan, sometimes also called Tataria, is a Republics of Russia, republic of Russia located in Eastern Europe. It is a part of the Volga Federal District; and its capital city, capital and largest city is Kazan, an important cultural centre in Russia. The region's main source of wealth is Petroleum, oil with a strong Petrochemical industry, petrochemical industry. The republic borders the Oblasts of Russia, oblasts of Kirov Oblast, Kirov, Ulyanovsk Oblast, Ulyanovsk, Samara Oblast, Samara and Orenburg Oblast, Orenburg, as well as the republics of Mari El, Udmurtia, Chuvashia and Bashkortostan. The area of the republic is , occupying 0.4% of the total surface of the country. As of the Russian Census (2021), 2021 Census, the population of Tatarstan was 4,004,809. Tatarstan has strong cultural, linguistic and ethnic ties with its eastern neighbour, Bashkortostan, which is also a republic of Russia. The official languages of the republ ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mari El
Mari El,; ; officially the Mari El Republic, is a republics of Russia, republic of Russia. It is in the European Russia, European region of the country, along the northern bank of the Volga River, and administratively part of the Volga Federal District. The republic has a population of 696,459 (Russian Census (2010), 2010 Census). Yoshkar-Ola is the capital city, capital and largest types of inhabited localities in Russia, city. Mari El, one of Russia's Ethnic groups in Russia, ethnic republics, was established for the indigenous Mari people, a Finno-Ugric peoples, Finno-Ugric nation who have traditionally lived along the Volga and Kama Rivers. The majority of the republic's population are ethnic Russian people, Russians (52.5%), with a significant Mari people, Mari minority (40.1%), and smaller minority populations of Tatars and Chuvash people, Chuvash. The official languages are Russian language, Russian and Mari language, Mari. Mari El is bordered by Nizhny Novgorod Oblast t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Chuvashia
Chuvashia, officially known as Chuvash Republic — Chuvashia, is a republics of Russia, republic of Russia located in Eastern Europe. It is the homeland of the Chuvash people, a Turkic languages, Turkic ethnic group. Its capital city, capital is the types of inhabited localities in Russia, city of Cheboksary. As of the Russian Census (2010), 2010 Census, its population was 1,251,619. Geography The Chuvash Republic is located in the center of European Russia, in the heart of the Volga-Vyatka economic region, mostly to the west of the Volga River, in the Volga Upland. It borders with the Nizhny Novgorod Oblast in the west, Mari El Republic in the north, the Republic of Tatarstan in the east and southeast, Republic of Mordovia in the southwest, and the Ulyanovsk Oblast in the south. There are over two thousand rivers in the republic—with the major ones being the Volga, the Sura River, Sura, and the Tsivil River, Tsivil—as well as four hundred lakes. Some of the Volga River ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
