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Kingdom Of Araucanía And Patagonia
The Kingdom of Araucanía and Patagonia ( es, Reino de la Araucanía y de la Patagonia; french: Royaume d'Araucanie et de Patagonie, sometimes referred to as ''New France'') was an unrecognized state declared by two ordinances on November 17, 1860 and November 20, 1860 from Antoine de Tounens, a French lawyer and adventurer, who claimed that the regions of Araucanía and eastern Patagonia did not depend of any other states and proclaimed himself king of Araucanía and Patagonia. He had the support of some Mapuche lonkos around a small area in Araucanía, who thought they could help maintain independence from the Chilean and Argentinian governments. Arrested on January 5, 1862 by the Chilean authorities, Antoine de Tounens was imprisoned and declared insane on September 2, 1862 by the court of Santiago and expelled to France on October 28, 1862. He later tried three times to return to Araucania to reclaim his "kingdom" without success. History In 1858, Antoine de Tounens, a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Perquenco
Perquenco is a town and commune in the Cautín Province of southern Chile's Araucanía Region. The town was declared capital of the unrecognized Kingdom of Araucanía and Patagonia by Orélie-Antoine de Tounens, but soon after it was occupied by Cornelio Saavedra Rodríguez who was in charge of the Chilean occupation of the Araucanía. Demographics According to the 2002 census of the National Statistics Institute, Perquenco spans an area of and has 6,450 inhabitants (3,281 men and 3,169 women). Of these, 2,929 (45.4%) lived in urban areas and 3,521 (54.6%) in rural areas. The population grew by 9.6% (564 persons) between the 1992 and 2002 censuses. Administration As a commune, Perquenco is a third-level administrative division of Chile administered by a municipal council, headed by an alcalde Alcalde (; ) is the traditional Spanish municipal magistrate, who had both judicial and administrative functions. An ''alcalde'' was, in the absence of a corregidor, the presiding offi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Lonco
A lonko or lonco (from Mapudungun ''longko'', literally "head"), is a chief of several Mapuche communities. These were often ulmen, the wealthier men in the lof. In wartime, lonkos of the various local rehue or the larger aillarehue would gather in a koyag or parliament and would elect a toqui to lead the warriors in battle. ''Lonco'' sometimes forms part of geographical names such as the city of Loncoche Loncoche (Mapudungun for "head of an important person") is a city and commune in Cautín Province in the Araucanía Region, southern Chile. It is located near the border to Los Ríos Region and the city of Lanco. Loncoche is a major centre for ... (English: "head of an important person"). References Mapuche History of Chile * Titles of national or ethnic leadership Mapuche words and phrases {{Chile-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mapuche Conflict
The Mapuche conflict ( es, conflicto mapuche) involves indigenous peoples, indigenous Mapuche communities located in Araucanía (historic region), Araucanía and nearby regions of Chile and Puelmapu, Argentina. It is often referred to as a conflict between the Mapuche and the Chilean government or state. forestry in Chile, Big forestry companies and their contractors, Chilean police and some non-indigenous landowners have been confronted by militant Mapuche organizations and local Mapuche communities in the context of the conflict. Some scholars argue the conflict is an indigenous self-determination conflict, others like Francisco Huenchumilla see it as the expression of a wider political conflict that affects all of Chile given the existence of Indigenous peoples in Chile, other indigenous groups. Mapuche activists demand greater autonomy, recognition of rights, and the return of historical lands. The Mapuche conflict intensified following the Chilean transition to democracy, ret ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tourtoirac
Tourtoirac (; oc, Tortoirac) is a Communes of France, commune in the Dordogne Departments of France, department in Nouvelle-Aquitaine in southwestern France. Population See also *Communes of the Dordogne department References Communes of Dordogne {{Dordogne-geo-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Napoleon III
Napoleon III (Charles Louis Napoléon Bonaparte; 20 April 18089 January 1873) was the first President of France (as Louis-Napoléon Bonaparte) from 1848 to 1852 and the last monarch of France as Emperor of the French from 1852 to 1870. A nephew of Napoleon I, he was the last monarch to rule over France. Elected to the presidency of the Second Republic in 1848, he seized power by force in 1851, when he could not constitutionally be reelected; he later proclaimed himself Emperor of the French. He founded the Second Empire, reigning until the defeat of the French Army and his capture by Prussia and its allies at the Battle of Sedan in 1870. Napoleon III was a popular monarch who oversaw the modernization of the French economy and filled Paris with new boulevards and parks. He expanded the French overseas empire, made the French merchant navy the second largest in the world, and engaged in the Second Italian War of Independence as well as the disastrous Franco-Prussian War, dur ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Abdón Cifuentes
Abdón Cifuentes Espinoza, GCSG (16 May 1835 - 14 April 1928) was one of Chile's most significant Catholic politicians in the nineteenth century. He was the son of José Maria Cifuentes Olivares and Paula Espinoza Pinto born in San Felipe, Chile. He married Luz Gómez, with whom he fathered 13 children. Cifuentes attended the '' Instituto Nacional'' (National Institute) and then studied law at the ''Universidad de Chile'' (University of Chile), receiving his law degree in 1861. Cifuentes went on to become a professor at the ''Colegio San Luis'' and then the ''Instituto Nacional''. In 1882, he was named a member of the Faculty of Philosophy & Humanities of the ''Universidad de Chile'', and in 1889 he became professor of constitutional rights at the Pontifical Catholic University of Chile. Because of the perceived need for Catholic elements to combat liberals in the press, Cifuentes made contributions to various Chilean periodicals. Together with his former student and fellow Catho ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Corral, Chile
Corral is a town, commune and sea port in Valdivia Province, Los Ríos Region, Chile. It is located south of Corral Bay. Corral is best known for the forts of Corral Bay, a system of defensive batteries and forts made to protect Valdivia during colonial times. Corral was the headquarters of the system. Economic activities in Corral revolve around forestry, aquaculture, fishing, port services and both heritage and eco tourism. The town is connected to Valdivia by a gravel road, to Caleta Chaihuín by an asphalted road and to Niebla on the other side of the bay by a ferry service. History The settlement of Corral grew out from the headquarters of the forts of Corral Bay that were built in 1645 to protect the city of Valdivia. By that time Spanish ships sailed through Valdivia River all the way to Valdivia but Corral soon took over the role of receiving major ships. Until 1749 the fort of Corral had no more than four cannons.Guarda 1953, p. 153. Renewed interest in the defense ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Buenos Aires
Buenos Aires ( or ; ), officially the Autonomous City of Buenos Aires ( es, link=no, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires), is the capital and primate city of Argentina. The city is located on the western shore of the Río de la Plata, on South America's southeastern coast. "Buenos Aires" can be translated as "fair winds" or "good airs", but the former was the meaning intended by the founders in the 16th century, by the use of the original name "Real de Nuestra Señora Santa María del Buen Ayre", named after the Madonna of Bonaria in Sardinia, Italy. Buenos Aires is classified as an alpha global city, according to the Globalization and World Cities Research Network (GaWC) 2020 ranking. The city of Buenos Aires is neither part of Buenos Aires Province nor the Province's capital; rather, it is an autonomous district. In 1880, after decades of political infighting, Buenos Aires was federalized and removed from Buenos Aires Province. The city limits were enlarged to include t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Quilapán
José Santos Quilapán or simply Quilapán ( arn, Külapang) was a Mapuche chief active in the Mapuche resistance to the Occupation of Araucanía (1861–1883). He was the main chief of the Arribanos and inherited his charge as chief from his father Mañil Mañil or Magnil was a Mapuche lonko who fought in the 1851 Chilean Revolution and led an uprising in 1859. He was the main chief of the Arribanos and the father of Quilapán who led Mapuche forces in the Occupation of Araucanía. Mañil had a l .... References {{DEFAULTSORT:Quilapan, Jose Santos 19th-century Mapuche people People of the Occupation of Araucanía Indigenous leaders of the Americas People from Araucanía Region Lonkos ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Toltén
Toltén is a Chilean commune located at the lower flows Toltén River at the southern coast of Cautín Province which is part of Araucanía Region. The commune is administered by the municipality Nueva Toltén, the main harbour and town within the commune. Demographics According to the 2002 census of the National Statistics Institute National Institute of Statistics may refer to: *National Institute of Statistics of Bolivia *National Institute of Statistics of Cambodia *National Institute of Statistics and Census of Costa Rica *National Institute of Statistics and Census of Nica ..., Toltén spans an area of and has 11,216 inhabitants (5,827 men and 5,389 women). Of these, 4,123 (36.8%) lived in urban areas and 7,093 (63.2%) in rural areas. The population fell by 7% (845 persons) between the 1992 and 2002 censuses. Administration As a commune, Toltén is a third-level administrative division of Chile administered by a municipal council, headed by an alcalde who is directly elect ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
