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Kösem Sultan
Kösem Sultan (; 1589 – 2 September 1651), also known as Mahpeyker Sultan (;), was the Haseki sultan, Haseki Sultan as the chief consort and legal wife of the List of sultans of the Ottoman Empire, Ottoman Sultan Ahmed I, Valide sultan, Valide Sultan as a mother of sultans Murad IV and Ibrahim of the Ottoman Empire, Ibrahim and Büyük Valide Sultan as a grandmother of Sultan Mehmed IV as well as the official Regent of the Ottoman Empire reigning from 1623 to 1632 during the minority of her son Murad IV and her grandson Mehmed IV between 1648 and 1651. She became one of the most powerful and influential women in History of the Ottoman Empire, Ottoman history as well as a central figure during the period known as the Sultanate of Women. Kösem's stature and influence were facilitated by her astute grasp of Ottoman politics and the large number of children she bore. One of her sons and grandson required her regency early in their reigns, and her daughters’ marriages to promi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
List Of Regents
A regent is a person selected to act as head of state (ruling or not) because the ruler is a minor, not present, or debilitated. The following is a list of regents throughout history. Regents in extant monarchies Those who held a regency briefly, for example during surgery, are not necessarily listed, particularly if they performed no official acts; this list is also not complete, presumably not even for all monarchies included. The list includes some figures who acted as regent, even if they did not themselves hold the title of regent. Asia Cambodia * Prince Sisowath Monireth, Chairman of the Regency Council of Cambodia in 1960 * Chea Sim, Acting Head of State of Cambodia from 1993 to 1994, and again from 1994 to 1995, and twice in 2004 * Nhek Bun Chhay, Acting Head of State of Cambodia in 2004 Japan * Regent Empress Dowager Jingū for her son, the future Emperor Ōjin * Prince Regent Shōtoku for his aunt, Empress Suiko * Fujiwara Regents as Sesshō or Ka ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Istanbul
Istanbul is the List of largest cities and towns in Turkey, largest city in Turkey, constituting the country's economic, cultural, and historical heart. With Demographics of Istanbul, a population over , it is home to 18% of the Demographics of Turkey, population of Turkey. Istanbul is among the List of European cities by population within city limits, largest cities in Europe and List of cities proper by population, in the world by population. It is a city on two continents; about two-thirds of its population live in Europe and the rest in Asia. Istanbul straddles the Bosphorus—one of the world's busiest waterways—in northwestern Turkey, between the Sea of Marmara and the Black Sea. Its area of is coterminous with Istanbul Province. Istanbul's climate is Mediterranean climate, Mediterranean. The city now known as Istanbul developed to become one of the most significant cities in history. Byzantium was founded on the Sarayburnu promontory by Greek colonisation, Greek col ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
List Of Sultans Of The Ottoman Empire
The sultans of the Ottoman Empire (), who were all members of the Ottoman dynasty (House of Osman), ruled over the transcontinental empire from its perceived inception in 1299 to its dissolution in 1922. At its height, the Ottoman Empire spanned an area from Hungary in the north to Yemen in the south and from Algeria in the west to Iraq in the east. Administered at first from the city of Söğüt since before 1280 and then from the city of Bursa since 1323 or 1324, the empire's capital was moved to Adrianople (now known as Edirne in English) in 1363 following its conquest by Murad I and then to Constantinople (present-day Istanbul) in 1453 following its conquest by Mehmed II. The Ottoman Empire's early years have been the subject of varying narratives, due to the difficulty of discerning fact from legend. The empire came into existence at the end of the 13th century, and its first ruler (and the namesake of the Empire) was Osman I. According to later, often unreliabl ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Haseki Sultan
Haseki Sultan (, ''Ḫāṣekī Sulṭān'' ) was the title used for the chief consort of an Ottoman sultan. In later years, the meaning of the title changed to "imperial consort". Hurrem Sultan, principal consort and legal wife of Suleiman the Magnificent, was the first holder of this title. The title lost its exclusivity under Ibrahim I, who bestowed it upon eight women simultaneously. The title haseki sultan was used until the 17th century. After that, '' kadınefendi'' became the highest ranking title for imperial consorts, although this title was not as prestigious as haseki sultan. Term The word ''haseki'' (خاصکي-خاصگی) comes from the Arabic word ''Khassa'' (خاصه) which is suffixed with the Persian ''gi'' (گی) and means "to attribute something exclusively to". ''Haseki'' is, therefore, one who belongs exclusively to the sultan. Sultan (سلطان) is an Arabic word, that indicates "authority" or "dominion". starting from the 16th century, this title was ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Greek Orthodox
Greek Orthodox Church (, , ) is a term that can refer to any one of three classes of Christian Churches, each associated in some way with Greek Christianity, Levantine Arabic-speaking Christians or more broadly the rite used in the Eastern Roman Empire. * The broader meaning refers to "the entire body of Orthodox (Chalcedonian) Christianity, sometimes also called 'Eastern Orthodox', 'Greek Catholic', or generally 'the Greek Church. * A second, narrower meaning refers to "any of several independent churches within the worldwide communion of (Eastern) Orthodox Christianity that retain the use of the Greek language in formal ecclesiastical settings". In this sense, the Greek Orthodox Churches are the Ecumenical Patriarchate of Constantinople and its dependencies, the Patriarchates of Alexandria, Antioch and Jerusalem, the Church of Greece and the Church of Cyprus. * The third meaning refers to the Church of Greece, an Eastern Orthodox Church operating within the modern bor ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sunni Islam
Sunni Islam is the largest Islamic schools and branches, branch of Islam and the largest religious denomination in the world. It holds that Muhammad did not appoint any Succession to Muhammad, successor and that his closest companion Abu Bakr () rightfully succeeded him as the caliph of the Muslim community, being appointed at the meeting of Saqifa. This contrasts with the Succession of ʿAlī (Shia Islam), Shia view, which holds that Muhammad appointed Ali, Ali ibn Abi Talib () as his successor. Nevertheless, Sunnis revere Ali, along with Abu Bakr, Umar () and Uthman () as 'Rashidun, rightly-guided caliphs'. The term means those who observe the , the practices of Muhammad. The Quran, together with hadith (especially the Six Books) and (scholarly consensus), form the basis of all Fiqh, traditional jurisprudence within Sunni Islam. Sharia legal rulings are derived from these basic sources, in conjunction with Istislah, consideration of Maslaha, public welfare and Istihsan, jur ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ibrahim Of The Ottoman Empire
Ibrahim (; ; ; 13 October 1617 – 18 August 1648) was the sultan of the Ottoman Empire from 1640 until 1648. He was born in Constantinople as the last son of sultan Ahmed I and Kösem Sultan, an ethnic Greek originally named Anastasia. He was called Ibrahim the Mad () due to his mental condition and behavior. However, historian Scott Rank notes that his opponents spread rumors of the sultan's insanity, and some historians suggest he was more incompetent than mad. Early life Ibrahim was born on 13 October 1617 as the last son of Sultan Ahmed I and his Haseki Sultan, Kösem Sultan and when he was merely a month old, his father suddenly died and Ibrahim's uncle Mustafa I became the new sultan. Kösem Sultan and her children, including an infant Ibrahim, were sent to the Old Palace. After his brother Murad IV inherited the throne from his uncle Mustafa I, Ibrahim was confined in the Kafes, which affected his health. Murad had Ibrahim's two surviving half-brothers Şehzade B ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Şehzade Kasım
Şehzade Kasım (Ottoman Turkish: شهزاده قاسم; 1614 – 17 February 1638) was an Ottoman prince and the son of Sultan Ahmed I and his Haseki Kösem Sultan. He was the brother of Murad IV and Ibrahim, and half-brother of Osman II. Life Şehzade Kasım was born in 1614 in Topkapı Palace to Ahmed I and Kösem Sultan. Following his father’s early death in 1617, he, along with his mother and brothers, were banished to the Old Palace (Eski Sarayı). After Murad’s accession in 1623, Kasım was confined in the Kafes, which was the part of the Imperial Harem where possible successors to the throne were kept under a form of house-arrest and constant surveillance by the palace Eunuch, eunuchs. Efforts to save Ibrahim from execution According to the Turkish historian Necdet Sakaoğlu, during Murad IV’s chaotic reign, Kasım hid and protected his younger brother, Ibrahim, in secret parts of the palace by portraying him as innocent and incompetent. Death During the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Şehzade Süleyman
Şehzade Süleyman (Ottoman Turkish: شهزاده سليمان; 1613/1615 – 27 July 1635) was an Ottoman prince and the son of Sultan Ahmed I. He was the brother of Murad IV and Ibrahim, and half-brother of Osman II. Life Şehzade Süleyman was born between 1613 and 1615 in Topkapı Palace to Sultan Ahmed I. His mother is unknown, supposed to be either Mahfiruz Hatun, Ahmed's first consort or (possibly) Kösem Sultan. After Murad IV’s accession in 1623, Süleyman was confined in the Kafes. Death In 1635, Süleyman, his (maybe) brother Selim and his half-brother Bayezid were executed during the celebrations over the victory at Erivan. The orders were given by Murad IV, the cause of Süleyman's execution is unknown. It was most likely that he was found favored on the throne by Murad's opponents and rivals that wanted to overthrown him. After his death, he was buried in his father Ahmed I Ahmed I ( '; ; 18 April 1590 – 22 November 1617) was the sultan of the Otto ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hanzade Sultan (daughter Of Ahmed I)
Hanzade Sultan (; - 21 September 1650) was an Ottoman princess, the daughter of Sultan Ahmed I (r. 1603–1617) and Kösem Sultan. She was a half sister of Osman II (r. 1618–1622) and a full sister Murad IV (r. 1623–1640) and Ibrahim I (r. 1640–1648), and the paternal aunt of Mehmed IV (r. 1648–1687), Suleiman II (r. 1687–1691) and Ahmed II (r. 1691–1695). Biography Born in Constantinople in 1609, Hanzade Sultan was the daughter of sultan Ahmed I and his consort Kösem Sultan. After her father's death in 1617, she settled in the Old Palace. Hanzade married Ladliki Bayram Pasha, who was then the agha of the Janissaries in March 1623 in the Old Palace. Her elaborate bridal procession was escorted among the cheering crowds in the streets of Istanbul by the vezirs of the sultan. They had a daughter. After Bayram's death in 1638, she married vezir Nakkaş Mustafa Pasha in October 1639 in the Bayram Pasha Palace. By him she had a son, Sultanzade Abdülbaki Bey. Her dail ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Gevherhan Sultan (daughter Of Ahmed I)
Gevherhan Sultan (, "''Gem of the Khan''"; 1605/1606 or 1608Gevherhan and her sister Ayşe Sultan (daughter of Ahmed I), Ayşe Sultan were born one in 1605/1606 and one in 1608, but historians are uncertain about assigning dates–1660) was an Ottoman Empire, Ottoman princess, daughter of Sultan Ahmed I (reign 1603–1617) and Kösem Sultan, half-sister of Sultan Osman II (reign 1618–1622), and sister of Sultans Murad IV (1623–1640) and Ibrahim of the Ottoman Empire, Ibrahim (reign 1640–1648) of the Ottoman Empire. Birth Gevherhan was born in Constantinople between 1605 and 1608. Her father, Sultan Ahmed I named her in honor of his great-aunt Gevherhan Sultan (daughter of Selim II), Gevherhan Sultan, who had introduced his mother Handan Sultan to his father Mehmed III. Her mother was Kösem Sultan, Ahmed’s favorite concubine, Haseki sultan, Haseki Sultan and probably legal wife. First marriage In the summer of 1612, Gevherhan was married, as arranged by Ahmed, to Öküz ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Fatma Sultan (daughter Of Ahmed I)
Fatma Sultan (, "''one who abstains''"; 1606/1607, Topkapi Palace, Constantinople, – 1670,) Constantinople) was an Ottoman princess. She was the daughter of Sultan Ahmed I (r. 1603–1617) and Kösem Sultan, sister of Murad IV (r. 1623–1640) and Ibrahim (r. 1640–1648), and the paternal aunt of Mehmed IV (r. 1648–1687). She is known for her many political marriages. Life The year of her birth has been suggested as 1606 or 1607. She lived in Topkapi Palace until her father's death in 1617, when she had to follow her mother and sisters to Eski Saray. She returned to court in 1623, when her younger brother Murad IV became the new sultan. Marriages The Ottoman princesses were normally married away, to influential Ottoman officials, by their mothers or paternal grandmothers, who had the right to arrange their marriages and arranged matches which could be of political use. They had privileges in marriage which separated them from other Muslim females: such as the right to be ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
