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Käşşaf Tärcemani
Käşşaf Tärcemani (, , , ) or Käşşafetdin Tärcemanof (, , , ; 1877–1943) was a Muslim religious figure. Biography Käşşaf Tärcemani was born in 1877 in a mullah family. He received his primary education from his father, then he studied at Qazan Märcaniä madrasah. In 1904 he became an imam in Qazan's White Mosque, which was located in city's area; at the same time he was a teacher in his alma mater and a mudarris in the White Mosque's madrasah. In 1906 he participated in the third All-Russian Muslim Congress; in 1917–1918 he was a member of Millät Mäclese and Milli İdärä. In 1917 he relocated to Ufa, where he began to serve as a qadi in the . At the same time he was a teacher in Ufa's madrasah (1920–1930) and a chief editor of ' (''Islamic Journal'') journal (1924–1928). In 1926 Tärcemani attended the first World Muslim Congress as a deputy head of the Soviet delegation, the chairman being Rizaetdin Fäxretdin. After Fäxretdin's death in 1936 he ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mullah
Mullah () is an honorific title for Islam, Muslim clergy and mosque Imam, leaders. The term is widely used in Iran and Afghanistan and is also used for a person who has higher education in Islamic theology and Sharia, sharia law. The title has also been used in some Mizrahi Jews, Mizrahi and Sephardic Jews, Sephardic Jewish communities in reference to the community's leadership, especially its religious leadership. Etymology The word ''mullah'' is derived from the Persian language, Persian word ''mullā'' (), itself borrowed from the Arabic language, Arabic word ''mawlā'' (), meaning "master" and "guardian", with mutation of the initial short vowels. Usage Historical usage The term has also been used among Iranian Jews, Bukharian Jews, and Afghan Jews to refer to the community's religious and/or secular leadership. In Kaifeng, China, the history of the Jews in China, historic Chinese Jews who managed the synagogue were called "mullahs". Modern usage It is the term ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Qazan, Tatarstan
Kazan; , IPA: Help:IPA/Tatar, [qɑzan] is the largest city and capital city, capital of Tatarstan, Russia. The city lies at the confluence of the Volga and the Kazanka (river), Kazanka Rivers, covering an area of , with a population of over 1.3 million residents, and up to nearly 2 million residents in the greater Kazan metropolitan area, metropolitan area. Kazan is the List of cities and towns in Russia by population, fifth-largest city in Russia, being the Volga#Biggest cities on the shores of the Volga, most populous city on the Volga, as well as within the Volga Federal District. Historically, Kazan was the capital of the Khanate of Kazan, and was Siege of Kazan, conquered by Ivan the Terrible in the 16th century, at which point the city became a part of the Tsardom of Russia. The city was seized (and largely destroyed) during Pugachev's Rebellion (1773–1775), but was later rebuilt during the reign of Catherine the Great. In the following centuries, Kazan grew to become a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Märcaniä
Märcaniä (, , ) was a madrasa in Kazan attached to the Märcani Mosque. Brief history It was created around 1770 and had many (often coexisting) names, including ''The First Cathedral Mosque's madrasa'' and ''Yunısof's madrasa''. Later, it acquired the name ''Märcaniä'', in honour of Şihabetdin Märcani, who was madrasa's mudarris between 1850 and 1889, during whose leadership the madrasa became a major center of Muslim education in the area; apart from religious subjects, mathematics, astronomy and history and other non-religious subjects were taught. In 1918, the madrasah was officially closed, but Märcani Mosque's imam Safiulla Abdullin continued to secretly teach shakirds until 1923. Famous students Märcaniä was an alma mater for Xösäyen Yamaşef, Salix Säydäş, Xösäyen Fäyezxanof, Ğäbdelğälläm Fäyezxanof, Ğabdraxman Ğömäri, Sitdıyq Aydarof, Käşşaf Tärcemani Käşşaf Tärcemani (, , , ) or Käşşafetdin Tärcemanof (, , , ; 1877– ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Millät Mäclese
The Millät Mäjlese (National Assembly) was a national assembly of Muslim Turko-Tatars of Inner Russia and Siberia that was created by the decision of Second All-Russian Muslim Congress and worked in Ufa from 20 November 1917 to 11 January 1918. Sadri Mäqsudi was elected as the National Assembly's Chairman; İbniämin Äxtämov and Ğabdraxman Fäxretdinov were elected as Deputy Chairman and Secretary, respectively. Millät Mäclese did not recognize Soviet authority and decided to establish the Idel-Ural State. In order to achieve this goal, the Commission for Implementation of the Idel-Ural State was established in January 1918. In the same month, the executive board of the future autonomy, Milli İdärä (National Board), was established. There were several commissions that worked under the Parliament: legislative assumptions commission, mandate commission, education commission, financial commission, religious commission, territorial autonomy commission, "national regi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Milli İdärä
Milli İdärä (, , ) was the national government of Muslim Turko-Tatars of Inner Russia and Siberia that was elected by the delegates of Millät Mäclese and located in Ufa (Öfä) from January 11, 1918, to April 21, 1918. Its Chairman was Sadri Mäqsudi, with being deputy chairman. Its official press organ was "''Möxtäriät''" (''Autonomy'') journal. Three ministries (departments) were created within Milli İdärä: * Finance Ministry (''Maliä Näzäräte'', Chairman – , members – , , , Ğärif Kärimi, Ğäli Qormayıf, Latıyf Yawşef, Märdelğälim Mäxmütef); * Education Ministry (''Mäğärif Näzäräte'', Chairman – Näcip Qorbanğälief, members – , Ğäli Yänekäyef, , İsmäğil Ütämeşef, , Ğömär Tereğulof); * Ministry of Religious Affairs (''Diniä Näzäräte'', Chairman – (mufti), members (qadis) – Riza'etdin Fäxretdin, Salixcan Urmanof, Käşşaf Tärcemani, Möxlisä Bubıy, Ğabdulla Söläymani, ). In April 1918, activities of Mil ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Qadi
A qadi (; ) is the magistrate or judge of a Sharia court, who also exercises extrajudicial functions such as mediation, guardianship over orphans and minors, and supervision and auditing of public works. History The term '' was in use from the time of Muhammad during the early history of Islam, and remained the term used for judges throughout Islamic history and the period of the caliphates. While the and played the role in elucidation of the principles of Islamic jurisprudence () and the Islamic law (), the qadi remained the key person ensuring the establishment of justice on the basis of these very laws and rules. Thus, the qadi was chosen from amongst those who had mastered the sciences of jurisprudence and law. The office of qadi continued to be a very important one in every principality of the caliphates and sultanates of the various Muslim empires over the centuries. The rulers appointed a qadi in every region, town, and village for judicial and administrative cont ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
World Muslim Congress
The World Muslim Congress (''Motamar al-Alam al-Islami'') (Arabic: مؤتمر العالم الإسلامي) is an Islamic organization based in Karachi. Its co-founder and Secretary-General for over four decades was Inamullah Khan. It was the recipient of the 1987 Niwano Peace Prize, and Khan was the recipient of the 1988 Templeton Prize.''New York Times'', 19 April 1988Anti-Semitism Charges Lead To Delay on Religion Prize/ref> It has general consultative status with the United Nations Economic and Social Council. The Congress was founded at the 1949 World Muslim Conference in Karachi, following the creation of Pakistan in 1947. Mohammad Amin al-Husayni, the Grand Mufti of Jerusalem, who presided over the Conference, was elected President of the Congress.Husain Haqqani (2005), May 19, 2005The Ideologies of South Asian Jihadi Groups '' Current Trends in Islamist Ideology'', vol. 1 Its cofounder and Secretary-General for over four decades was Inamullah Khan. Although formall ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Rizaetdin Fäxretdin
Rizaeddin bin Fakhreddin (Kiçüçat, Samara, 12 January 1858 1936) was a Bashkirs, Bashkir and Tatars, Tatar scholar and publicist who lived in the Russian Empire and the Soviet Union. His numerous works on religious, political and pedagogical subjects were a part of the Jadidist movement, and the journal ''Shura (magazine)'' (), which he created and published, was an important way of political discussion for Muslims in the late Empire. Life Rizaeddin bin Fakhreddin was born as son of a mullah in the village of Kiçüçat in the gouvernement Samara. He studied at the kuttab in his village, which his father led, and then at the madrasa in the near village of Chelsheli. At the age of 30, he became mullah and leader of the madrasa in the village of Ilbek. In 1891, he was elected qadi, meaning he became a member of the Russian religious administration for Muslims (()); he therefore moved to its seat in Ufa, where he administrated the extensive archive of the agency.Mahmud Tahir: '' ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mufti
A mufti (; , ) is an Islamic jurist qualified to issue a nonbinding opinion ('' fatwa'') on a point of Islamic law (''sharia''). The act of issuing fatwas is called ''iftāʾ''. Muftis and their ''fatāwa'' have played an important role throughout Islamic history, taking on new roles in the modern era. Tracing its origins to the Quran and early Islamic communities, the practice of ''ifta'' crystallized with the emergence of the traditional legal theory and schools of Islamic jurisprudence ('' madhahib''). In the classical legal system, fatwas issued by muftis in response to private queries served to inform Muslim populations about Islam, advise courts on difficult points of Islamic law, and elaborate substantive law. In later times, muftis also issued public and political fatwas that took a stand on doctrinal controversies, legitimized government policies or articulated grievances of the population. Traditionally, a mufti was seen as a scholar of upright character who poss ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Great Purge
The Great Purge, or the Great Terror (), also known as the Year of '37 () and the Yezhovshchina ( , ), was a political purge in the Soviet Union that took place from 1936 to 1938. After the Assassination of Sergei Kirov, assassination of Sergei Kirov by Leonid Nikolaev in 1934, Joseph Stalin launched a series of show trials known as the Moscow trials to remove suspected party dissenters from the Communist Party of the Soviet Union, especially those aligned with the Bolsheviks, Bolshevik party. The term "great purge" was popularized by the historian Robert Conquest in his 1968 book ''The Great Terror (book), The Great Terror'', whose title was an allusion to the French Revolution's Reign of Terror. The purges were largely conducted by the NKVD (People's Commissariat for Internal Affairs), which functioned as the Ministry of home affairs, interior ministry and secret police of the USSR. Starting in 1936, the NKVD under chief Genrikh Yagoda began the removal of the central pa ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Rehabilitation (Soviet)
Rehabilitation (, transliterated in English as ''reabilitatsiya'' or academically rendered as ''reabilitacija'') was a term used in the context of the former Soviet Union and the post-Soviet states. Beginning after the death of Stalin in 1953, the government undertook the political and social restoration, or political rehabilitation, of persons who had been repressed and criminally prosecuted without due basis. It restored the person to the state of acquittal. In many cases, rehabilitation was posthumous, as thousands of victims had been executed or died in labor camps. The government also rehabilitated several minority populations which it had relocated under Stalin, and allowed them to return to their former territories and in some cases restored their autonomy in those regions. Post-Stalinism epoch The government started mass amnesty of the victims of Soviet repressions after the death of Joseph Stalin. In 1953, this did not entail any form of exoneration. The government ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Muslims From The Russian Empire
Muslims () are people who adhere to Islam, a Monotheism, monotheistic religion belonging to the Abrahamic religions, Abrahamic tradition. They consider the Quran, the foundational religious text of Islam, to be the verbatim word of the God in Abrahamic religions, God of Abraham (or ''Allah'') as it was revealed to Muhammad, the last Islamic prophet. Alongside the Quran, Muslims also believe in previous Islamic holy books, revelations, such as the Tawrat (Torah), the Zabur (Psalms), and the Injeel (Gospel). These earlier revelations are associated with Judaism and Christianity, which are regarded by Muslims as earlier versions of Islam. The majority of Muslims also follow the teachings and practices attributed to Muhammad (''sunnah'') as recorded in traditional accounts (hadith). With an estimated population of almost 2 billion followers, Muslims comprise around 26% of the world's total population. In descending order, the percentage of people who identify as Muslims on each ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
