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Kyösti Kylälä
Kyösti Kylälä (born Gustaf Georg Adrian Byström; 16 August 1868 in Salmi – 15 August 1936 in Vyborg) was a Finnish railroad engineer and self-taught inventor. In 1919 he patented in the UK an 'Improved means for increasing the draught in steam boilers, especially on locomotives.' Kylälä's invention, sometimes known as the 'Kylala spreader' involved the insertion of four nozzles in the blastpipe of steam locomotives A steam locomotive is a locomotive that provides the force to move itself and other vehicles by means of the expansion of steam. It is fuelled by burning combustible material (usually coal, oil or, rarely, wood) to heat water in the locomot .... The system was originally devised to reduce spark-throwing and later it was claimed that there was a more even draught over the tubeplate and that the need for tube-cleaning was reduced. It was tried out in 1922 by Lawson Billinton on a LB&SCR K class locomotive, but with only limited success. Later the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Salmi (rural Locality)
Salmi (; Finnish and , lit. ''inlet'') is a rural locality (a settlement) in Pitkyarantsky District of the Republic of Karelia, Russia. Municipally, it is incorporated within and serves as the administrative center of Salminskoye Rural Settlement of Pitkyarantsky Municipal District. History The first mention of the Solomenskiy Orthodox pogost in this place dates back to 1500. It was part of the Korelsky district of the Vodskaya Pyatina. Before the capture of these territories by the Swedes in the early 17th century — the Solomians. "Voskresenskaya Solomyanskaya pogost" with borders from modern Uuksu to the Border Guard on the shore of Ladoga and to Suoyarvi in the north. Since 1617, as part of the Swedish Kingdom, from this period there has been a mass exodus of the local Karelian population to the territory of modern Tver and Vologda regions. In 1632, the Swedes of Salmi presented the rights of the city. Under the terms of the Nishtadt Peace Treaty in 1721, the lands were ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Vyborg
Vyborg (; , ; , ; , ) is a town and the administrative center of Vyborgsky District in Leningrad Oblast, Russia. It lies on the Karelian Isthmus near the head of Vyborg Bay, northwest of St. Petersburg, east of the Finnish capital Helsinki, and south of Russia's border with Finland, where the Saimaa Canal enters the Gulf of Finland. The most recent census population of Vyborg is Vyborg was founded as a medieval fortress in Finland under Swedish rule during the Third Swedish Crusade. After numerous wars between the Russians and Swedes, the Treaty of Nöteborg in 1323 defined the border of eastern Finland, and would separate the two cultures. Vyborg remained under Swedish rule until it was captured by the Russians during the Great Northern War. Under Russian rule, Vyborg was the seat of Vyborg Governorate until it was incorporated into the newly established Grand Duchy of Finland, an autonomous part of the Russian Empire. Finland declared its independence from R ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Finland
Finland, officially the Republic of Finland, is a Nordic country in Northern Europe. It borders Sweden to the northwest, Norway to the north, and Russia to the east, with the Gulf of Bothnia to the west and the Gulf of Finland to the south, opposite Estonia. Finland has a population of 5.6 million. Its capital and largest city is Helsinki. The majority of the population are Finns, ethnic Finns. The official languages are Finnish language, Finnish and Swedish language, Swedish; 84.1 percent of the population speak the first as their mother tongue and 5.1 percent the latter. Finland's climate varies from humid continental climate, humid continental in the south to boreal climate, boreal in the north. The land cover is predominantly boreal forest biome, with List of lakes of Finland, more than 180,000 recorded lakes. Finland was first settled around 9000 BC after the Last Glacial Period, last Ice Age. During the Stone Age, various cultures emerged, distinguished by differen ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Railroad Engineer
A train driver is a person who operates a train, railcar, or other rail transport vehicle. The driver is in charge of and is responsible for the mechanical operation of the train, train speed, and all of the train handling (also known as brake handling). Train drivers must follow certain guidelines for driving a train safely. Naming British English terms for a train driver include engine driver, engineman, and locomotive driver. The term in North American English is railroad engineer, but the simpler term engineer is more commonly used. Terms for a train driver in other English dialects include locomotive handler, locomotive engineer, locomotive operator, train operator, and motorman. In American English, a hostler (also known as a switcher) moves engines around rail yards, but does not take them out on the main line tracks; the British English equivalent is a shunter. Career progression For many American railroads, the following career progression is typical: assistant ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Blastpipe
The blastpipe is part of the exhaust system of a steam locomotive that discharges exhaust steam from the cylinders into the smokebox beneath the chimney in order to increase the draught through the fire. History The primacy of discovery of the effect of directing the exhaust steam up the chimney as a means of providing draft through the fire is the matter of some controversy, Ahrons (1927) devoting significant attention to this matter. The exhaust from the cylinders on the first steam locomotive – built by Richard Trevithick – was directed up the chimney, and he noted its effect on increasing the draft through the fire at the time. At Wylam, Timothy Hackworth also employed a blastpipe on his earliest locomotives, but it is not clear whether this was an independent discovery or a copy of Trevithick's design. Shortly after Hackworth, George Stephenson also employed the same method, and again it is not clear whether that was an independent discovery or a copy of one of the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Steam Locomotives
A steam locomotive is a locomotive that provides the force to move itself and other vehicles by means of the expansion of steam. It is fuelled by burning combustible material (usually coal, oil or, rarely, wood) to heat water in the locomotive's boiler to the point where it becomes gaseous and its volume increases 1,700 times. Functionally, it is a steam engine on wheels. In most locomotives, the steam is admitted alternately to each end of its cylinders in which pistons are mechanically connected to the locomotive's main wheels. Fuel and water supplies are usually carried with the locomotive, either on the locomotive itself or in a tender coupled to it. Variations in this general design include electrically powered boilers, turbines in place of pistons, and using steam generated externally. Steam locomotives were first developed in the United Kingdom during the early 19th century and used for railway transport until the middle of the 20th century. Richard Trevithick ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
LB&SCR K Class
The LB&SCR K class were powerful 2-6-0 Mixed-traffic locomotive, mixed traffic locomotives designed by L. B. Billinton for the London, Brighton and South Coast Railway (LB&SCR) in 1913. They appeared shortly before the First World War and the first ten examples of the class did prodigious work during that conflict on munitions, supply and troop trains. Further examples were built after the war, and the class was used as a test bed for various items of specialised equipment. However, after the formation of the Southern Railway in 1923 the remaining three locomotives on order were not completed and the seventeen members of the class led relatively quiet yet reliable lives over their traditional lines. The locomotives proved their usefulness once again during the Second World War, and continued to provide reliable service until the 1960s. The entire class was eventually withdrawn in 1962 for 'bookkeeping' rather than 'operational' reasons. Background Due to the nature of its traffi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
France
France, officially the French Republic, is a country located primarily in Western Europe. Overseas France, Its overseas regions and territories include French Guiana in South America, Saint Pierre and Miquelon in the Atlantic Ocean#North Atlantic, North Atlantic, the French West Indies, and List of islands of France, many islands in Oceania and the Indian Ocean, giving it Exclusive economic zone of France, one of the largest discontiguous exclusive economic zones in the world. Metropolitan France shares borders with Belgium and Luxembourg to the north; Germany to the northeast; Switzerland to the east; Italy and Monaco to the southeast; Andorra and Spain to the south; and a maritime border with the United Kingdom to the northwest. Its metropolitan area extends from the Rhine to the Atlantic Ocean and from the Mediterranean Sea to the English Channel and the North Sea. Its Regions of France, eighteen integral regions—five of which are overseas—span a combined area of and hav ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
André Chapelon
André Chapelon (26 October 1892 – 22 July 1978) was a French mechanical engineer and designer of advanced steam locomotives. A graduate engineer of Ecole Centrale Paris, he was one of very few locomotive designers who brought a rigorous scientific method to their design, and he sought to apply up-to-date theories and knowledge in subjects such as thermodynamics, and gas and fluid flow. Chapelon's work was an early example of what would later be called modern steam, and influenced the work of many later designers of those locomotives, such as Livio Dante Porta. Life and career André Xavier Chapelon was born in Saint-Paul-en-Cornillon, Loire, France on 26 October 1892. According to family relatives, his great-grandfather James Jackson immigrated to France from England in 1812, one of many who came to France in the 19th century to teach steel production methods. He achieved a distinction in mathematics and science, and served as an artillery officer during World War I before ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kylchap
The Kylchap steam locomotive exhaust system was designed and patented by French steam engineer André Chapelon, using a second-stage nozzle designed by the Finnish engineer Kyösti Kylälä, known as the ''Kylälä spreader'', with the composite name KylChap being given the design. Construction The Kylchap exhaust consists of four stacked nozzles, the first exhaust nozzle (UK: blastpipe) blowing exhaust steam only and known as the primary nozzle, with a Chapelon design using four triangular jets. That exhausts into the second stage, the Kylälä spreader, which mixes the exhaust steam with some of the smokebox gases. That exhausts into a third stage, designed by Chapelon, which mixes the resulting steam/smokebox gases mixture with yet more smokebox gases. The four nozzles of the third stage exhaust into the fourth stage, the classic bell-mouth chimney (U.S.: stack). Theory It was Chapelon's theory that such a multi-stage mixing and suction arrangement would be more effi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
LNER Class A3 4472 Flying Scotsman
No. 4472 ''Flying Scotsman'' is a LNER Gresley Classes A1 and A3, LNER Class A3 4-6-2, 4-6-2 "Pacific" steam locomotive built in 1923 for the London and North Eastern Railway (LNER) at Doncaster Works to a design of Nigel Gresley. It was employed on long-distance express passenger trains on the East Coast Main Line by LNER and its successors, British Railways' Eastern Region of British Railways, Eastern and North Eastern Region of British Railways, North Eastern Regions, notably on ''Flying Scotsman (train), The Flying Scotsman'' service between London King's Cross railway station, London King's Cross and Edinburgh Waverley railway station, Edinburgh Waverley after which it was named. Retired from British Railways in 1963 after covering 2.08 million miles, ''Flying Scotsman'' has been described as the world's most famous steam locomotive. It had earned considerable fame in preservation under the ownership of, successively, Alan Pegler, Sir William McAlpine, 6th Baronet, Willia ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
LNER Class A4 4468 Mallard
LNER Class A4 4468 ''Mallard'' is a 4-6-2 ("Pacific") steam locomotive built in 1938 for operation on the London and North Eastern Railway (LNER) at Doncaster Works to a design of Nigel Gresley. Its streamlined, wind tunnel tested design allowed it to haul long-distance express passenger services at high speeds. On 3 July 1938, ''Mallard'' broke the world speed record for steam locomotives at , which still stands today. While in British Railways days regular steam-hauled rail services in the UK were officially limited to a 'line speed', before the war, the A4s had to run significantly above just to keep schedule on trains such as the ''Silver Jubilee'' and '' The Coronation'', with the engines reaching 100 mph on many occasions. ''Mallard'' covered almost one and a half million miles (2.4 million km) before it was retired in 1963. The locomotive is long and weighs 165 long tons (168 tonnes, 369,600 lbs), including the tender. It is painted in LNER garter blue with ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
